Running Interval Training and Estimated Plasma-Volume Variation

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abderraouf Ben Abderrahman ◽  
Jacques Prioux ◽  
Karim Chamari ◽  
Omar Ben Ounis ◽  
Zouhair Tabka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Volume Variation ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Speed ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hb Concentration ◽  
Male Subjects

The effect of endurance interval training (IT) on hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb), and estimated plasma-volume variation (PVV) in response to maximal exercise was studied in 15 male subjects (21.1 ± 1.1 y; control group n = 6, and training group, n = 9). The training group participated in interval training 3 times a week for 7 wk. A maximal graded test (GXT) was performed to determine maximal aerobic power (MAP) and maximal aerobic speed (MAS) both before and after the training program. To determine Ht, Hb concentration, and lactate concentrations, blood was collected at rest, at the end of GXT, and after 10 and 30 min of recovery. MAP and MAS increased significantly (P < .05) after training only in training group. Hematocrit determined at rest was significantly lower in the training group than in the control group after the training period (P < .05). IT induced a significant increase of estimated PVV at rest for training group (P < .05), whereas there were no changes for control group. Hence, significant relationships were observed after training between PVV determined at the end of the maximal test and MAS (r = .60, P < .05) and MAP (r = .76, P < .05) only for training group. In conclusion, 7 wk of IT led to a significant increase in plasma volume that possibly contributed to the observed increase of aerobic fitness (MAP and MAS).

scholarly journals Interval training during concurrent training optimizes cardiorespiratory adaptations in women

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ferrari ◽  
Cristine Lima Alberton ◽  
Stephanie Santana Pinto ◽  
Eduardo Lusa Cadore ◽  
Ronei Silveira Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Concurrent Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Continuous Running

Abstract This study compared the effects of using continuous and interval aerobic exercise during concurrent training on cardiorespiratory adaptations in women. Thirty-two participants were randomly assigned into one of the following groups: continuous running and resistance training (C-RUN, n = 10), interval running and resistance training (I-RUN, n = 11), or control group that performed resistance training only (RT, n = 11). Each group trained twice a week during 11 weeks. Oxygen uptake corresponding to the first ventilatory threshold (VO2VT1), second ventilatory threshold (VO2VT2) and maximal effort (VO2max) was measured in a maximal incremental test performed before and after training. Significant increases in VO2VT1, VO2VT2 and VO2max were observed in all training groups. VO2VT2 and VO2max presented time-group interactions, indicating that the magnitude of the increase in these variables was dependent on the training group (VO2VT2: C-Run = 6.6%, I-Run = 15.7%, RT = 1.7%; VO2max: C-Run = 7.2%, I-Run = 14.3%, RT = 2.7%). The effect size observed for post-training values comparing C-RUN and RT groups was d = 0.566 for VO2VT2 and d = 0.442 for VO2max. On the other hand, values of d = 0.949 for VO2VT2 and d = 1.189 for VO2max were verified between I-RUN and RT groups. In conclusion, the use of continuous and interval aerobic exercise during concurrent training improved different cardiorespiratory parameters in women, but in a greater magnitude when interval aerobic exercise was performed simultaneously to resistance training.

scholarly journals Eight Weeks of Interval Training Led to no Improvement in Cardiovascular Variables in the Elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Leandro de Oliveira Sant’Ana ◽  
Jeferson Macedo Vianna ◽  
Natália Rodrigues dos Reis ◽  
Aline Aparecida de Souza Ribeiro ◽  
Bruno de Oliveira Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group B ◽  
And Control

Background: Interval training is a method with high acceptance in prescription to increase health and can be an essential intervener in improving cardiovascular function. Objective: This study aimed to verify the effects of eight weeks of interval training with different intensities on hemodynamic and autonomic function, which were assessed through resting heart rate, blood pressure, dual product, and heart rate variability. Methods: The sample consisted of 24 older men (age: 68.8 ± 6.8 years, body mass: 74.4 ± 18.1 kg, height: 1.70 ± 0.8 m; BMI: 25.1 ± 2, 2) who were physically active. Participants were randomized into 3 experimental groups: training group A (TGA, n = 8), training group B (TGB, n = 8) and control group (CG, n = 8). For trained groups, interventions were developed twice a week for eight weeks, with an interval of 48 hours between the sessions. The evaluations were carried out at the pre (baseline) and after the eighth week of intervention. The control group did not perform any intervention. The variables were analyzed for 10 minutes with subjects at rest in the sitting position before and after the intervention. Statistics with a significance level of p <0.05 were applied. Results: After the intervention, no statistically significant results were found in the variables assessed (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The intervention was not sufficient to promote statistical differences in hemodynamic and autonomic variables.

Effects of High Frequency Exercise in Patients before and after Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bäck ◽  
Bertil Wennerblom ◽  
Susanna Wittboldt ◽  
Åsa Cider
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
Before And After

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high frequency exercise for patients before and after an elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), with special reference to maximal aerobic capacity, muscle function, health related quality of life (HRQoL), waist–hip ratio (WHR) and restenosis. Methods: A randomised, controlled study was performed in Sweden between 2004 and 2006 in thirty-seven patients (five women) with stable coronary artery disease (CAD), age 63.6 ± 6.9 years, randomised to either high frequency exercise or control group. The patients in the training group performed three endurance resistance exercises and trained on a cycle ergometer 30 min, 5 times a week for 8 months at 70% of VO2max. Results: Patients in the training group significantly improved their maximal aerobic capacity (15 (9–46) vs. 8 (0–18)% p ≤ 0.05), shoulder flexion ( p ≤ 0.01), shoulder abduction ( p ≤ 0.01) and heel-lift ( p ≤ 0.05) compared to the control group. There were no significant differences between the groups in HRQoL, WHR and restenosis. Conclusion: High frequency exercise in patients treated with PCI seems to improve maximal aerobic capacity and muscle function, which may reduce the risks of further progression of atherosclerosis. However, further larger studies are needed to fully investigate the effects of exercise in patients with PCI.

scholarly journals Effect of 12 Months of Exercise with Stachys Lavandulifolia Consumption on anxiety, Metabolic Syndrome Profiles and Antioxidant Defense and Lipid Peroxidation in Women with Syndrome Metabolic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali osali ◽  
Alireza Rostami
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After

Abstract BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 months of aerobic exercise combining stachys lavandulifolia (S. lavandulifolia) consumption on anxiety, Metabolic Syndrome profiles and antioxidant defense (Glutathione) and lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde) in 50-65 years old women with syndrome metabolic.Methods48 women with syndrome Metabolic were randomly divided into four groups: exercise (n=12), exercise+S. lavandulifolia (n=12), S. lavandulifolia (n=12) and control group (n=12). S. lavandulifolia groups consumed 3 g aerial parts of S. lavandulifolia daily. Training groups performed an exercise protocol of aerobic exercise for 12 months (three sessions per week). Blood samples were obtained before and after training period for antioxidant indicators and lipid degradation measurement. Also, Beck anxiety questionnaire used for evaluating levels of anxiety. T-test and one-way analysis of variance were used for the evaluation of within-group and between-group differences, respectively.ResultsA significant increase was observed in serum levels of Malondialdehyde (P =0.004), Catalase indexes (Pvalue= 0.01), and Glutathione (P=0.001) in the training group and S. lavandulifolia groups after 12 months. Body weight, BMI, and SBP and Anexiety was decreased significantly greater in exercise +S. lavandulifolia group compared to control, exercise and S. lavandulifolia groups (P=0.001)ConclusionAnxiolytic effect and Anti-Oxidative Stress Activity was seen, so taking S. lavandulifolia along with exercises may have beneficial effects on reinforcement the antioxidant system and prevention of anxiety and The negative effects of indicators related to cardiovascular disease in women with metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Interleukin-10 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor responses to the Mat Pilates training in women with multiple sclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 31668
Author(s):  
Elham Eftekhari ◽  
Masoud Etemadifar
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Before And After

AIMS: To determine the effect of Mat Pilates on serum levels of interleukin-10 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in women with multiple sclerosis.METHODS: Thirty women with multiple sclerosis with mild to moderate disability were recruited and randomly divided into equal Pilates training and Control groups. Patients in the training group accomplished a Pilates program three times a week for eight weeks. The Control group maintained their routine lifestyle. The serum level of interleukin-10 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were measured before and after the protocol. The differences between groups were assessed by using analysis of covariance test to compare post-tests by considering covariate pre-tests (assuming a p-value <0.05 as significant).RESULTS: There were no significant changes in interleukin-10 (13.09±5.36 ng/ml in the Pilates training group compared to 13.21±4.76 ng/ml in the Control group, p= 0.81), whereas an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor was observed after eight-week Pilates training (11550.14±2619.60 ng/ml in the Pilates training group compared to 9664.35±3161.66 ng/ml in the Control group, p= 0.03).CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the intensity and duration of this protocol was not related to significant changes in interleukin-10, but was followed by an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor in these patients. Based on this finding, physical activity according to the individual’s ability is recommended for patients with multiple sclerosis, in parallel with drug therapy.

scholarly journals Effects of Supplementary Strength–Power Training on Neuromuscular Performance in Young Female Athletes

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Konstantina Karagianni ◽  
Olyvia Donti ◽  
Christos Katsikas ◽  
Gregory C. Bogdanis
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Power Training ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Neuromuscular Performance ◽  
Specific Performance ◽  
Before And After

This study examined the effects of a short-duration supplementary strength–power training program on neuromuscular performance and sport-specific skills in adolescent athletes. Twenty-three female “Gymnastics for All” athletes, aged 13 ± 2 years, were divided into a training group (TG, n = 12) and a control group (CG, n = 11). Both groups underwent a test battery before and after 10 weeks of intervention. TG completed, in addition to gymnastics training, a supplementary 7–9 min program that included two rounds of strength and power exercises for arms, torso, and legs, executed in a circuit fashion with 1 min rest between rounds, three times per week. Initially, six exercises were performed (15 s work–15 s rest), while the number of exercises was decreased to four and the duration of each exercise was increased to 30 s (30 s rest) after the fifth week. TG improved countermovement jump performance with one leg (11.5% ± 10.4%, p = 0.002) and two legs (8.2% ± 8.8%, p = 0.004), drop jump performance (14.4% ± 12.6%, p = 0.038), single-leg jumping agility (13.6% ± 5.2%, p = 0.001), and sport-specific performance (8.8% ± 7.4%, p = 0.004), but not 10 m sprint performance (2.4% ± 6.6%, p = 0.709). No change was observed in the CG (p = 0.41 to 0.97). The results of this study indicated that this supplementary strength–power program performed for 7–9 min improves neuromuscular and sport-specific performance after 10 weeks of training.

scholarly journals Effects of Aerobic Exercise on the Physical Performance and Incidence of Treatment-Related Complications After High-Dose Chemotherapy

Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 3390-3394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Dimeo ◽  
Sebastian Fetscher ◽  
Winand Lange ◽  
Roland Mertelsmann ◽  
Joseph Keul
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
High Dose Chemotherapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose

Abstract Loss of physical performance is a universal problem of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. We postulated that this impairment can be partially prevented by aerobic exercise. In a randomized study, 33 cancer patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (training group, T) performed an exercise program consisting of biking on an ergometer in the supine position after an interval-training pattern for 30 minutes daily during hospitalization. Patients in the control group (C, n = 37) did not train. Maximal physical performance was assessed with a treadmill test by admission and discharge. Physical performance of the two groups was not different on admission. The decrement in performance during hospitalization was 27% greater in the control group than in the training group (P = .05); this resulted in a significantly higher maximal physical performance at discharge in the trained patients (P = .04). Duration of neutropenia (P = .01) and thrombopenia (P = .06), severity of diarrhea (P = .04), severity of pain (P = .01), and duration of hospitalization (P = .03) were reduced in the training group. We conclude that aerobic exercise can be safely carried out immediately after high-dose chemotherapy and can partially prevent loss of physical performance. Based on the potential significance of the observed outcomes, further studies are warranted to confirm our results.

scholarly journals Measurement of the Effect of Static Stretching on Hamstring Flexibility in High School Females

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Elham Moradi ◽  
Shaghayegh Hashemi Motlagh ◽  
Zahra Nikkhah
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Static Stretch ◽  
Hamstring Muscles ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hamstring Flexibility

Background: flexibility that is one of basic aspects of any sport program , can be developed and acquired through various stretching exercises. This study examined the effect of six-weeks of static stretching on hamstring flexibility in high school females. Methods: Thirty healthy high school females aged 15 to 17 years were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The training group underwent static stretch training of the hamstring with a six-weeks protocol training sessions were 3 days per week, including 4 30-seconds stretches per day for each of subjects. The other group acted as control group. Before and after six-weeks of stretching, flexibility of the hamstring muscles was determined by Sit & Reach Test. Results: A significant increase in flexibility of hamstring was found in training group (mean 31cm to 39/87cm), and no significant difference was revealed in hamstring flexibility after the six-weeks static stretching for the control group. Conclusion: This study indicated that the static stretching significantly increased the hamstring flexibility and suggests that subjects use static stretching for increasing their hamstring flexibility.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v8i5.10914

The Effect of Short-Term Interval Training during the Competitive Season on Physical Fitness and Signs of Fatigue: A Crossover Trial in High-Level Youth Football Players

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 936-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Faude ◽  
Anke Steffen ◽  
Michael Kellmann ◽  
Tim Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Urea Concentration ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Youth Football ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Level

Purpose:To analyze performance and fatigue effects of small-sided games (SSG) vs high-intensity interval training (HIIT) performed during a 4-wk in-season period in high-level youth football.Methods:Nineteen players from 4 youth teams (16.5 [SD 0.8] y, 1.79 [0.06] m, 70.7 [5.6] kg) of the 2 highest German divisions completed the study. Teams were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 training sequences (2 endurance sessions per wk): One training group started with SSG, whereas the other group conducted HIIT during the first half of the competitive season. After the winter break, training programs were changed between groups. Before and after the training periods the following tests were completed: the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes, creatine kinase and urea concentrations, vertical-jump height (countermovement jump [CMJ], drop jump), straight sprint, agility, and an incremental field test to determine individual anaerobic threshold (IAT).Results:Significant time effects were observed for IAT (+1.3%, ηp2 = .31), peak heart rate (–1.8%, ηp2 = .45), and CMJ (–2.3%, ηp2 = .27), with no significant interaction between groups (P > .30). Players with low baseline IAT values (+4.3%) showed greater improvements than those with high initial values (±0.0%). A significant decrease was found for total recovery (–5.0%, ηp2 = .29), and an increase was found for urea concentration (+9.2%, ηp2 = .44).Conclusion:Four weeks of in-season endurance training can lead to relevant improvements in endurance capacity. The decreases in CMJ height and total-recovery score together with the increase in urea concentration might be interpreted as early signs of fatigue. Thus, the danger of overtaxing players should be considered.

scholarly journals Transcutaneous Electrical Acupuncture Stimulation as a Countermeasure against Cardiovascular Deconditioning during 4 days of Head-Down Bed Rest in Humans

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Sun ◽  
Xiaotao Li ◽  
Changbin Yang ◽  
Yongchun Wang ◽  
Fei Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acupuncture Stimulation ◽  
Cardiovascular Deconditioning ◽  
Electrical Acupuncture ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Plasma Hormones

Objective Spaceflight is associated with cardiovascular deregulation. However, the influence of microgravity on the cardiovascular system and its mechanisms and countermeasures remain unknown. Our previous studies have demonstrated that transcutaneous electrical acupuncture stimulation (TEAS) is effective in improving orthostatic tolerance (OT). The purpose of this study was to determine if TEAS treatment can attenuate cardiovascular deconditioning induced by a 4-day −6° head-down bed rest (HDBR). Methods Fourteen healthy male subjects were randomly allocated to a control group (control, n=6, 4 days HDBR without countermeasures) and a TEAS treatment group (TEAS, n=8, 4 days HDBR with TEAS at Neiguan (PC6) for 30 min each day for 4 consecutive days during HDBR). OT, plasma hormones, plasma volume and heart rate variability were assessed before and after HDBR. Cardiac function and cerebral blood flow were measured before, during and after HDBR. Results The data showed that TEAS treatment mitigated the decrease in OT that was observed in the control group and cardiac function, alleviated autonomic dysfunction, and partially prevented plasma volume reduction after HDBR. Angiotensin II and aldosterone were significantly increased by 129.3% and 133.3% after HDBR in the TEAS group (p<0.05). Conclusions These results indicate that 30 min of daily TEAS treatment at PC6 is partially effective in maintaining OT, probably due to increased plasma volume-regulating hormones and activation of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. TEAS treatment appears effective at reducing cardiovascular deconditioning induced by HDBR for 4 days. Trial Registration Number NCT02300207.

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