Measurement of Pelvic Motion Is a Prerequisite for Accurate Estimation of Hip Joint Work in Maximum Height Squat Jumping

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoann Blache ◽  
Maarten Bobbert ◽  
Sebastien Argaud ◽  
Benoit Pairot de Fontenay ◽  
Karine M. Monteil
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joint ◽  
Pelvic Tilt ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Maximum Effort ◽  
Pelvic Motion ◽  
The Difference

In experiments investigating vertical squat jumping, the HAT segment is typically defined as a line drawn from the hip to some point proximally on the upper body (eg, the neck, the acromion), and the hip joint as the angle between this line and the upper legs (θUL-HAT). In reality, the hip joint is the angle between the pelvis and the upper legs (θUL-pelvis). This study aimed to estimate to what extent hip joint definition affects hip joint work in maximal squat jumping. Moreover, the initial pelvic tilt was manipulated to maximize the difference in hip joint work as a function of hip joint definition. Twenty-two male athletes performed maximum effort squat jumps in three different initial pelvic tilt conditions: backward (pelvisB), neutral (pelvisN), and forward (pelvisF). Hip joint work was calculated by integrating the hip net joint torque with respect to θUL-HAT(WUL-HAT) or with respect to θUL-pelvis(WUL-pelvis). θUL-HATwas greater than θUL-pelvisin all conditions. WUL-HAToverestimated WUL-pelvisby 33%, 39%, and 49% in conditions pelvisF, pelvisN, and pelvisB, respectively. It was concluded that θUL-pelvisshould be measured when the mechanical output of hip extensor muscles is estimated.

Pelvic Rotation Torque During Fast-Pitch Softball Hitting Under Three Ball Height Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichi Iino ◽  
Atsushi Fukushima ◽  
Takeji Kojima
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joint ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Hip Joints ◽  
Joint Torques ◽  
Pelvic Rotation ◽  
Hip Flexion

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relevance of hip joint angles to the production of the pelvic rotation torque in fast-pitch softball hitting and to examine the effect of ball height on this production. Thirteen advanced female softball players hit stationary balls at three different heights: high, middle, and low. The pelvic rotation torque, defined as the torque acting on the pelvis through the hip joints about the pelvic superior–inferior axis, was determined from the kinematic and force plate data using inverse dynamics. Irrespective of the ball heights, the rear hip extension, rear hip external rotation, front hip adduction, and front hip flexion torques contributed to the production of pelvic rotation torque. Although the contributions of the adduction and external rotation torques at each hip joint were significantly different among the ball heights, the contributions of the front and rear hip joint torques were similar among the three ball heights owing to cancelation of the two torque components. The timings of the peaks of the hip joint torque components were significantly different, suggesting that softball hitters may need to adjust the timings of the torque exertions fairly precisely to rotate the upper body effectively.

scholarly journals Morphological consistency of bilateral hip joints in adults based on the X-ray and CT data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Zhao ◽  
Hong Cai ◽  
Hua Tian ◽  
Ke Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joint ◽  
Morphological Difference ◽  
Medullary Cavity ◽  
Size Difference ◽  
Single Plane ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stem Size ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
Anatomical Parameters

Abstract Purpose The application of the anatomical parameters of the contralateral hip joint to guide the preoperative template of the affected side relies on the bilateral hip symmetry. We investigated the bilateral hip symmetry and range of anatomical variations by measurement and comparison of bilateral hip anatomical parameters. Methods This study included 224 patients (448 hips) who were diagnosed with osteoarthritis (OA) and avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femur head, and underwent bilateral primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in our hospital from January 2012 to August 2020. Imaging data included 224 patients X-ray and 30 CT data at the end of the cohort. Anatomical parameters, including the acetabular abduction angle and trochanteric height, were measured using the Noble method. Postoperative measurements included stem size, difference of leg length and offset. Results Except for the isthmus width, there were no significant differences in the anatomical morphology of the hip joint. Among the demographic factors, there was a correlation between body weight and NSA. Among various anatomical parameters, a correlation was present between medullary cavity widths of T + 20, T, and T − 20. The difference in the use of stem size is not due to the morphological difference of bilateral medullary cavity, but due to the different of 1- or 2-stage surgery. Conclusion Bilateral symmetry was present among the patients with normal morphology of the hip medullary cavity, theoretically confirming the feasibility of structural reconstruction of the hip joint using the hip joint on the uninjured side. Additionally, the difference in the morphology of the hip medullary cavity is not present in a single plane but is synergistically affected by multiple adjacent planes.

Multi-Objective Optimization of Human Gait With a Discomfort Function

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Jung Kwon ◽  
Hyun-Joon Chung ◽  
Yujiang Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Joint Torque ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Backward Walking ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Neutral Angle

The objective of this study was to develop a discomfort function for including a high DOF upper body model during walking. A multi-objective optimization (MOO) method was formulated by minimizing dynamic effort and the discomfort function simultaneously. The discomfort function is defined as the sum of the squares of deviation of joint angles from their neutral angle positions. The dynamic effort is the sum of the joint torque squared. To investigate the efficacy of the proposed MOO method, backward walking simulation was conducted. By minimizing both dynamic effort and the discomfort function, a 3D whole body model with a high DOF upper body for walking was demonstrated successfully.

scholarly journals Depth-Average Velocity from Spray Underwater Gliders

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1665-1673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Rudnick ◽  
Jeffrey T. Sherman ◽  
Alexander P. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Average Velocity ◽  
Dead Reckoning ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Underwater Glider ◽  
Underwater Gliders ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers

AbstractThe depth-average velocity is routinely calculated using data from underwater gliders. The calculation is a dead reckoning, where the difference between the glider’s velocity over ground and its velocity through water yields the water velocity averaged over the glider’s dive path. Given the accuracy of global positioning system navigation and the typical 3–6-h dive cycle, the accuracy of the depth-average velocity is overwhelmingly dependent on the accurate estimation of the glider’s velocity through water. The calculation of glider velocity through water for the Spray underwater glider is described. The accuracy of this calculation is addressed using a method similar to that used with shipboard acoustic Doppler current profilers, where water velocity is compared before and after turns to determine a gain to apply to glider velocity through water. Differences of this gain from an ideal value of one are used to evaluate accuracy. Sustained glider observations of several years off California and Palau consisted of missions involving repeated straight sections, producing hundreds of turns. The root-mean-square accuracy of depth-average velocity is estimated to be in the range of 0.01–0.02 m s−1, consistent with inferences from the early days of underwater glider design.

scholarly journals Effects of upper body parameters on biped walking efficiency studied by dynamic optimization

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 172988141668270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang An ◽  
Chuanjiang Li ◽  
Zuhua Fang ◽  
Chengju Liu
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Dynamic Optimization ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Walking Gait ◽  
Body Parameters ◽  
Walking Efficiency

Walking efficiency is one of the considerations for designing biped robots. This article uses the dynamic optimization method to study the effects of upper body parameters, including upper body length and mass, on walking efficiency. Two minimal actuations, hip joint torque and push-off impulse, are used in the walking model, and minimal constraints are set in a free search using the dynamic optimization. Results show that there is an optimal solution of upper body length for the efficient walking within a range of walking speed and step length. For short step length, walking with a lighter upper body mass is found to be more efficient and vice versa. It is also found that for higher speed locomotion, the increase of the upper body length and mass can make the walking gait optimal rather than other kind of gaits. In addition, the typical strategy of an optimal walking gait is that just actuating the swing leg at the beginning of the step.

scholarly journals The influence of the reciprocal hip joint link in the Advanced Reciprocating Gait Orthosis on standing performance in paraplegia

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Baardman ◽  
M. J. Ijzerman ◽  
H. J. Hermen ◽  
P. H. Veltink ◽  
H. B. K. Boom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Comparative Trial ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthosis ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Foot Orthosis

The effect of reciprocally linking the hip hinges of a hip-knee-ankle-foot orthosis on standing performance was studied in a comparative trial of the Advanced Reciprocating Gait Orthosis (ARGO) and an ARGO in which the Bowden cable was removed (A_GO). Six male subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI) at T4 to T12 level participated in the study, which was conducted using a single case experimental design. Standing balance, the ability to handle balance disturbances (standing stability), and the performance of a functional hand task during standing were assessed in both orthosis configurations in the order A_GO-ARGO-A_GO-ARGO. No significant differences with respect to standing performance were found for the two orthosis configurations. However, the results indicate that the crutch force needed for maintaining balance during various tasks, especially for quiet standing with two crutches, may be much higher in the orthosis without Bowden cable. Therefore, it is very likely that the reciprocal hip joint link in the ARGO provides a substantial and clinically relevant reduction of upper body effort required for standing under functional conditions.

Lumbar Hyperextension in Baseball Pitching: A Potential Cause of Spondylolysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardeep Singh ◽  
Mark Lee ◽  
Matthew J. Solomito ◽  
Christian Merrill ◽  
Carl Nissen
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Motion Capture System ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Pelvic Motion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lumbar Extension ◽  
Upper Thoracic

Symptomatic spondylolysis/spondylolisthesis is thought to be caused by repetitive lumbar extension. About 8.9% of baseball pitchers that experience back pain will be diagnosed with spondylolysis. Therefore, this study aims to identify and quantify lumbar extension experienced during baseball pitching. It was hypothesized that young pitchers would exhibit less lumbar extension than older pitchers. A total of 187 healthy pitchers were divided into 3 age groups: youth, adolescent, and college. Kinematic data were collected at 250 Hz using a 3-D motion capture system. Lumbar motion was calculated as the difference between upper thoracic motion and pelvic motion over the pitching cycle. Lumbar “hyperextension” was defined as ≥20° past neutral. College pitchers had significantly greater lumbar extension compared with youth and adolescent pitchers at the point of maximum external rotation of the glenohumeral joint during the pitch cycle (−25° [13°], P = .04). For all age groups, lumbar hyperextension was present during the first 66% of the pitch cycle. Most pitchers spent 45% of pitch cycle in ≥30° of lumbar extension. Understanding that lumbar extension and hyperextension are components of the complex, multiplanar motions of the spine associated with baseball pitching can potentially help in both the prevention and management of symptomatic spondylolysis/spondylolisthesis.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional analysis of acetabular cup orientation and an evaluation of the relationship with pelvic sagittal parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 230949901986122
Author(s):  
Ali Sahin ◽  
Mehmet Emin Simsek ◽  
Safa Gursoy ◽  
Mustafa Akkaya ◽  
Cetin Isik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Tilt ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Preoperative Assessment ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Acetabular Cup ◽  
Pelvic Parameters ◽  
Sagittal Parameters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of total hip arthroplasty (THA) on sagittal pelvic parameters and to evaluate the effect of sagittal pelvic parameters on acetabular cup orientation. Methods: The study included 86 patients who underwent THA for a diagnosis of unilateral coxarthrosis between 2011 and 2015. Measurements were taken of the preoperative and postoperative acetabular cup inclination (ACI), anteversion, and sagittal pelvic parameters. The effect of THA on sagittal pelvic parameters and the effects of the sagittal pelvic parameters on acetabular cup orientation were investigated. Results: The sagittal pelvic tilt values calculated were mean 9.7° ± 6.3° (2°; 23°) preoperatively and 11.0° ± 6.1° (2°; 25°) postoperatively. The increase in postoperative pelvic incidence (PI) values was determined to be statistically significant ( p < 0.05). The preoperative PI values had no significant effect on ACI, but in cases with high preoperative PI values, a tendency to high anteversion values was determined. The mean inclination values were found to be 40.2° ± 11.0° in the low PI group, 41.7° ± 7.4° in the normal PI group, and 44.1° ± 8.3° in the high PI group. As no increase in inclination values was observed with an increase in PI values, no statistical correlation was determined ( p = 0.343). Average of anteversion values in the low PI group was 9.2° ± 13.7°, in the normal PI group 19.3° ± 10.5°, and in the high PI group 21.1° ± 12.5°. The difference between the groups was statistically significant ( p = 0.001). Conclusion: Evaluating the results of this study, it can be concluded that varying PI values do affect the acetabular cup anterversion in THA. So, preoperative assessment of PI values is important in preventing postoperative acetabular cup malposition.

scholarly journals Physiological Gait versus Gait in VR on Multidirectional Treadmill—Comparative Analysis

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Jochymczyk-Woźniak ◽  
Katarzyna Nowakowska ◽  
Jacek Polechoński ◽  
Sandra Sładczyk ◽  
Robert Michnik
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Pelvic Tilt ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Joint Rotation ◽  
Active Motion ◽  
Flexion Extension

Background and objectives: Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly often finding applications in physiotherapy and health promotion. Recent years have seen the use of advanced technologies in the promotion of physical activity (PA) in society. New simulators, e.g., treadmills, enable the performance of PA (e.g., locomotive movements) in VR (artificially created virtual world). The question of how such movements are similar to natural forms of human locomotion (march, run) inspired the comparative analysis of physiological gait and gait in VR on a multidirectional Omni treadmill. Materials and Methods: The tests involved the use of the BTS Smart system for the triplanar analysis of motion. The test involved 10 healthy females aged 20–24 (weight: 52 ± 3.1 kg, height 162 ± 5.4 cm). Measurements were performed at two stages. The first stage involved the standard assessment of physiological gait, whereas the second was focused on gait forced by the Omni treadmill. The following gait parameters were analyzed: Flexion-extension in the ankle, knee joint and hip joint, rotation in the hip joint and knee joint, foot progression, adduction-abduction in the knee joint and hip joint, pelvic obliquity, pelvic tilt, pelvic rotation as well as energy expenditure and the movement of the body center of mass. Results: The analysis of the test results revealed the existence of differences in the kinematics of physical gait and gait on the treadmill. The greatest differences were recorded in relation to the dorsal-plantar flexion in the ankle, the foot progression, the rotation of the knee joint, pelvic tilt and rotation. In addition, the gait on the treadmill is characterized by the longer duration of the stance phase and reduced ranges of the following movements: Flexion-extension in the ankle, knee joint and hip joint, adduction-abduction in the hip joint as well as rotation in the ankle and hip joint. The values of potential, kinetic and total energy recorded in relation to forced gait are significantly lower than those of physiological gait. Conclusions: Because of the fact that the parameters of gait on the Omni platform vary significantly from the parameters of physical gait, the application of the Omni treadmill in the re-education of gait during rehabilitation should be treated with considerable care. Nonetheless, the treadmill has adequate potential to become a safe simulator enabling active motion in VR using locomotive movements.

Effect of pelvic tilt and rotation on cup orientation in standing anteroposterior radiographs

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Hyun Yun ◽  
William S Murphy ◽  
Daniel M Ward ◽  
Guoyan Zheng ◽  
Brett Hayden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pelvic Tilt ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Pelvic Rotation ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Radiographic Measurements ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cup Positioning

Background: Individual pelvic tilt and rotation have wide variability that can affect the measurement of cup orientation in anteroposterior (AP) radiographs. The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of pelvic tilt and rotation on radiographic measurements of cup orientation. Methods: A total of 53 patients (63 hips) were included in this study. The patients underwent a computed tomography study with standing AP pelvis radiographs taken both preoperatively and approximately 3 months postoperatively. We used 2-dimensional/3-dimensional matching to measure the pelvic tilt and rotation, and the non-standardised and standardised cup orientation. Results: There was no difference in the pelvic tilt and rotation between the preoperative and postoperative radiographs. The distribution of the differences between the non-standardised and standardised cup anteversion exhibited a change within 5° in only 34/63 (54%) hips. The pelvic tilt correlated with the difference between the non-standardised and standardised cup anteversion, but the pelvic rotation did not. When all 63 hips were separated into the right and left sides, the pelvic rotation inversely correlated with the pelvic tilt-adjusted difference between the non-standardised and standardised cup anteversion of the right side but directly correlated with that of the left side. Conclusions: The current study demonstrated that the measurement of cup anteversion in standing AP radiographs is significantly affected by both the pelvic tilt and pelvic rotation. An improved understanding of the pelvic orientation may eventually allow for desired cup positioning on a patient-specific basis to potentially reduce complications associated with the malposition of the cup.

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