Older Adults’ Exercise Behavior: Roles of Selected Constructs of Social-Cognitive Theory

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Renée Umstattd ◽  
Jeffrey Hallam
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Exercise Behavior ◽  
Outcome Expectancy ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Exercise Interventions

Exercise is consistently related to physical and psychological health benefits in older adults. Bandura’s social-cognitive theory (SCT) is one theoretical perspective on understanding and predicting exercise behavior. Thus, the authors examined whether three SCT variables—self-efficacy, self-regulation, and outcome-expectancy value—predicted older adults’ (N= 98) exercise behavior. Bivariate analyses revealed that regular exercise was associated with being male, White, and married; having higher income, education, and self-efficacy; using self-regulation skills; and having favorable outcome-expectancy values (p< .05). In a simultaneous multivariate model, however, self-regulation (p= .0097) was the only variable independently associated with regular exercise. Thus, exercise interventions targeting older adults should include components aimed at increasing the use of self-regulation strategies.

scholarly journals The Analisis Faktor Perilaku Konsumsi Remaja Terhadap Makanan Cepat Saji (Studi Aplikasi Social Cognitive Theory)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Nadhifa Salsabilla ◽  
Muji Sulistyowati
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional

Konsumsi makanan cepat saji pada remaja dianggap sebagai hal sepele yang biasa dilakukan. Namun, dampak yang akan dirasakan berupa gangguan kesehatan dalam jangka waktu pendek maupun jangka panjang, seperti obesitas. Salah satu sekolah di Surabaya yang memiliki angka kejadian obesitas cukup tinggi yakni SMAN 2 Surabaya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis faktor perilaku yang berhubungan dengan konsumsi makanan cepat saji pada remaja menggunakan studi aplikasi Social Cognitive Theory. Penelitian ini merupakan penlitian observasional analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X dan XI SMAN 2 Surabaya dengan penarikan sampel menggunakan stratified random sampling sebanyak 102 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner yang dibagikan secara online. Variabel independen penelitian ini adalah karakteristik individu, self efficacy, pengetahuan, self regulation, dukungan keluarga, dukungan teman sebaya, dan paparan informasi. Sedangkan variabel dependen yaitu tindakan konsumsi makanan cepat saji pada remaja. Pengolahan dan analisis data menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara uang saku (p = 0,015), self regulation (p = 0,047), dan dukungan orangtua (p = 0,038) (p<0,05). Namun, pada variabel lainnya tidak terdapat hubungan dengan tindakan mengonsumsi makanan cepat saji. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi kepada pihak sekolah maupun Puskesmas setempat dalam melakukan pencegahan obesitas pada remaja.

Social Cognitive Theory

Management ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Stajkovic ◽  
Kayla Sergent
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Cognitive Appraisals ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Personal Factors

In conceptualizations presented in social cognitive theory (SCT), humans are not passive objects shaped and shepherded by contingent consequences of an environment. People are agentic; they proactively make their way through the intricacies and dualities of life. To attain desired outcomes, people make judgments about the interplay among environment, personal factors, and consequences of their behavior. SCT conceptualizes these cognitive appraisals in terms of triadic, reciprocal, and asymmetric influences among the environment, person, and behavior. The belief system formed by the model’s cognitive dynamics is shaped by one’s current working conception of the world. This belief system guides behavior adaptively toward desirable pursuits and away from undesirable consequences. As people set goals, devise accordant courses of action, and anticipate outcomes, they act on this thread of beliefs. People operate on the environment, they monitor and analyze their actions, reflect on the consequences, and react to course-correct. These behaviors rely on self-awareness, self-reflection, and adaptive self-regulation. To explain and predict the fluent vagaries of social life, nuanced conceptions of interactive factors are conferred by SCT in the triadic model. A transformative contributor to adaptive self-regulation in SCT is perceived self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is a malleable belief formed by personal appraisal of how well a person can execute courses of action required to deal successfully with a given prospect. Self-efficacy does not signify people believe they can walk on water; it simply implies they believe they can enact the potential they already have. Even when people have acquired the knowledge and ability to succeed, cherished outcomes are forsaken if they harbor doubt in their capacity to self-regulate.

Factors driving consumption behavior for green aquatic products

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (7) ◽  
pp. 1442-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongtao Li ◽  
Changbiao Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Outcome Expectancy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumption Behavior ◽  
Aquatic Products

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that influence consumers’ consumption behavior with regard to green aquatic products from a social cognitive theory perspective. Design/methodology/approach A web survey was used to collect the data. The survey subjects were citizens of Ningbo City in Zhejiang Province. A total of 403 subjects were obtained through the sampling service, and 337 subjects were retained after strict examination. The data were used to construct a partial least squares structural equation model. Findings The cognition of green aquatic products significantly positively affects outcome expectancy, self-efficacy, perception of others’ behavior, and socio-structural conditions. Self-efficacy and outcome expectancy significantly positively influence consumption intention. Self-efficacy, perception of others’ behavior, and consumption intention significantly positively affect consumption behavior. Practical implications The concept, connotations and benefits of green aquatic products should be widely publicized through diversified channels to increase people’s knowledge of these products and to encourage people to distinguish them from regular aquatic products and to believe in their benefits. In addition, measures should be taken to guarantee that only genuine green aquatic products can enter the market because the false claims of some products have damaged consumers’ belief in these products. Originality/value To test the effect of the cognition of green aquatic products, the construct “the cognition of green aquatic products” was added to the model based on social cognitive theory. This paper contributes to the existing literature by further exploring how cognitive aspects affect consumption behavior with regard to green food.

scholarly journals Social Cognitive Theory and Physical Activity in Older Adults with Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 0000-0000
Author(s):  
Jessica F. Baird ◽  
Stephanie L. Silveira ◽  
Robert W. Motl
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Bivariate Correlation

Abstract Background: The expanding population of older adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) likely experience many of the same benefits of physical activity as younger and middle-aged adults with MS. However, participation in physical activity is exceedingly low in this particular segment of the MS population. This study examined variables from social cognitive theory (SCT) as correlates of physical activity in older adults with MS, as this might inform the subsequent development of behavioral interventions. Methods: Older adults with MS (≥60 years, N = 180) completed an online survey including demographics and clinical characteristics, SCT variables (exercise self-efficacy, exercise goal setting, social support, and outcome expectations), and physical activity (total physical activity (PA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)). Results: Bivariate correlation analyses indicated that all SCT variables were significantly associated with both PA and MVPA (all P values ≤ .001). Hierarchical linear regression analyses indicated that disability status was a significant correlate of PA (β = −0.48; R2 = 0.23) and MVPA (β = −0.44; R2 = 0.19) in Step 1; disability and self-efficacy were significant correlates of PA (disability β = −0.20; self-efficacy β = 0.59; R2 = 0.50) and MVPA (disability β = −0.16; self-efficacy β = 0.60; R2 = 0.47) in Step 2; and disability, self-efficacy, and exercise goal setting were significant correlates of PA (disability β = −0.21; self-efficacy β = 0.50; exercise goal setting β = 0.14; R2 = 0.55) and MVPA (disability β = −0.17; self-efficacy β = 0.51; exercise goal setting β = 0.15; R2 = 0.51) in Step 3. Conclusions: Our results suggest that behavioral interventions targeting self-efficacy and exercise goal setting as targets from SCT may be appropriate for increasing physical activity in older adults with MS.

The Long-Term Impact of a Four-Session Work-Site Intervention on Selected Social Cognitive Theory Variables Linked to Adult Exercise Adherence

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Hallam ◽  
Rick Petosa
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Exercise Behavior ◽  
Work Site ◽  
Exercise Participation

Many work-site physical activity interventions use theoretical variables in the design of their programs. Yet, these interventions do not document the degree of change in theoretical variables produced by the intervention. This study examined the construct validity of an intervention designed to affect social cognitive theory variables linked to exercise behavior. Construct validation methods were used to evaluate an instructional intervention composed of four 60-minute sessions delivered across 2 weeks. Increases were found in self-regulation skills, outcome-expectancy values, and self-efficacy for the treatment group. No significant increases were detected for the comparison group on any study variables. Sixty-seven percent of the treatment group was able to maintain exercise behavior across 12 months, whereas the comparison group declined in exercise participation from 68% to 25% across 12 months. The study revealed the intervention effective in producing the intended changes in social cognitive theory constructs. The analysis shows self-regulation-mediated exercise behavior.

scholarly journals Examining Multilevel Environmental Correlates of Physical Activity Among Older Adults With Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. Silveira ◽  
Jessica F. Baird ◽  
Robert W. Motl
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Health Behavior Change

Three hundred and sixty-three older adults with multiple sclerosis completed a cross-sectional study examining hierarchical correlates of physical activity using a social cognitive theory perspective within a social ecological model (i.e., built environment, social environment, and individual social cognitive theory variables). Hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted, wherein significant associations were noted for built environment (i.e., land-use mix diversity and aesthetics) and physical activity in Step 1 (R2 = .09). Social and built environment were significant correlates in Step 2 (R2 = .15). Finally in Step 3, individual social cognitive theory variables (i.e., self-efficacy and outcome expectations) were the only significant correlates of total physical activity (R2 = .38). Results were comparable for health-promoting physical activity; however, self-efficacy was the only significant correlate in Step 3 (R2 = .36). This study provides guidance for researchers and practitioners on relevant targets for tailoring interventions for older adults with multiple sclerosis and supports an emphasis on self-efficacy as a primary predictor of health behavior change.

Psychometric Scale for Measure Mothers’ Self-Efficacy in Diarrhea Prevention

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 20621-20661
Author(s):  
Dr. M. N. Githae
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Outcome Expectancy ◽  
Critical Component ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
Healthy Behaviour

Psychometric  scale  for  measuring  self-efficacy  is  such  a  critical  important  component  of strategies   to   improve   healthy   behaviour.   Social cognitive   theory incorporates outcome expectancy, but emphasizes self- efficacy, or a perception of oneself being capable of performing certain skills to attain some outcome. The theory behind this model builds from the research of Bandura (1977). Self-efficacy scales have been championed as a critical component in many health disease prevention oriented programmes. Maternal, environmental and behavioral factors have been recognized as additional important determinants behavior change modeled in such approach to provide sustainable intervention in promoting self-efficacy to perceived risks. Development of Mother Self-Efficacy scale to measure this ability is critical in Diarrhea prevention and sustaining desired interventions.

Social Cognitive Theory and Motivation

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale H. Schunk ◽  
Ellen L. Usher
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Social Environmental

Social cognitive theory is a theory of human behavior that emphasizes learning from the social environment. This chapter focuses on Bandura’s social cognitive theory, which postulates reciprocal interactions among personal, behavioral, and social/environmental factors. Persons use various vicarious, symbolic, and self-regulatory processes as they strive to develop a sense of agency in their lives. Key motivational processes are goals and self-evaluations of progress, outcome expectations, values, social comparisons, and self-efficacy. People set goals and evaluate their goal progress. The perception of progress sustains self-efficacy and motivation. Individuals act in accordance with their values and strive for outcomes they desire. Social comparisons with others provide further information on their learning and goal attainment. Self-efficacy is a critical influence on motivation and affects task choices, effort, persistence, and achievement. Recommendations are made for future research.

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