Socio-demographic association of non communicable diseases’ risk factors in a representative population of school children: a cross-sectional study in Sousse (Tunisia)

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meriam El Ghardallou ◽  
Jihene Maatoug ◽  
Imed Harrabi ◽  
Sihem Ben Fredj ◽  
Sahli Jihene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unhealthy Diet

Abstract Introduction: A better understanding of socio-demographic characteristics of subgroups, which have a high risk to develop chronic diseases, is essential to develop more efficient interventional programs especially for youth. This study aimed to determine the association between clusters of non communicable diseases (NCDs’) risk factors and the socio-demographic characteristics among a sample of Tunisian school children. Materials and methods: We conducted, in 2013/2014, a cross-sectional study among a proportional and stratified school children sample, selected in 17 elementary public schools in Sousse (Tunisia). A cluster analysis was used to identify different NCDs risk factors clusters, based on tobacco use, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and excess weight. Subsequent χ2-tests were used to identify differences between the NCDs risk factors clusters in regards to socio-demographic characteristics. Results: Four clusters of NCDs risk factors were found: 1) Cluster 1: physical inactivity behavior with normal weight, 2) Cluster 2: physical inactivity behavior associated to excess weight, 3) Cluster 3: unhealthy diet associated to excess weight and low practice of physical activity, and 4) Cluster 4: smoking behavior with physical activity behavior. The pattern of cluster membership differed across sex (<10–3), school level, and socioeconomic level (<10–3) but there was no significant difference between clusters for mother’s education levels and household tenure. Conclusion: This study can have important implications for health policy and practice. Indeed, it found that many subjects have simultaneous multiple NCDs risk factors which leads to identify groups at risk and implement integrated intervention program.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of physical inactivity among middle-aged and older Chinese in Shenzhen: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e019775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfeng Zhou ◽  
Jiang Wu ◽  
Shenchao Zhang ◽  
Shijiao Yan ◽  
Liping He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Economic Pressure ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Older Chinese

ObjectiveInvestigations on physical inactivity are common around the world; however, little is known about the status of physical inactivity in mainland China. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors associated with physical inactivity in Shenzhen in Southern China.DesignA community-based, cross-sectional study.SettingA multistage-stratified, random cluster survey was conducted in Xixiang Street, Bao’an District of Shenzhen in Southeast China.Participants3920 adults aged 40 years or more were recruited to the study and completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form between 1 March 2015 and 30 July 2016.Main outcome measuresPhysical inactivity was defined as engaging in physical activity levels insufficient to reach the current guidelines. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were undertaken to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with physical inactivity.ResultsThe prevalence of physical inactivity was 63.1% for all participants, 63.9% for women and 61.9% for men, respectively. Participants who were older (OR=1.31, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.54), who were female (OR=1.22, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.43), who had higher education experience (OR=1.38, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.61), who are under economic pressure (OR=2.17, 95% CI 1.48 to 3.17), who ever smoked a cigarette (OR=1.44, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.82) and drank alcohol (OR=1.42, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.77), and participants in the lowest body mass index category (OR=1.40, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.89), were more likely to report physical inactivity.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that physical inactivity is prevalent in Southern China. Interventions and programmes aimed at increasing physical activity among middle-aged and older Chinese adults may also be tailored to participants under economic pressure and those with unhealthy behaviours such as smoking and drinking.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of hypertension in selected towns of Wollega zones, Western Ethiopia, 2019: A community-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110245
Author(s):  
Getu Mosisa ◽  
Bikila Regassa ◽  
Bayise Biru
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Hypertension remains an emerging public health problem globally, particularly in developing countries. Age, income level, obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking, vegetables and fruit consumption, physical activity and chat chewing were some risk factors of hypertension. However, there are limited data on the epidemiology of hypertension in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess Epidemiology of Hypertension among the community of selected towns of Wollega zones. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 to 30 June 2019 in selected towns of Wollega zones. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 840 study participants. Data were collected using the WHO STEP wise approach. The data were coded and entered into EpiData 3, and exported to SPSS version 20.0 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05. Results: The study included a total of 838 respondents with a response rate of 99.7%. The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 189 (22.6%) (95% confidence interval = 19.9%–25.2%). Of this, 108 (12.9%) and 81 (9.7%) of female and male were hypertensive, respectively. Age groups of 30–44 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.65 (1.43, 4.89)), 45–59 years (adjusted odds ratio = 3.55 (1.79, 7.04)), above 60 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.97 (1.43, 6.18)), having history of alcohol consumption (adjusted odds ratio = 4.29 (2.4, 7.66)), involving in vigorous physical activity (adjusted odds ratio = 0.096 (0.028, 0.33)), not walking to and from the work (adjusted odds ratio = 13.12 (8.34, 20.67)), being overweight (adjusted odds ratio = 1.98 (1.21, 3.25)), inadequate fruits serving per day (adjusted odds ratio = 2.93 (1.75, 4.88)) were significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension was found to be high in the study area. Older age, alcohol consumption, not engaging in vigorous activity, physical inactivity, being overweight and inadequate intake of fruits were found to be risk factors for hypertension. Therefore, health care providers should provide extensive health education and promotion on recommended lifestyle modification to tackle the burden of hypertension.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Anterior Teeth Fracture and its Relation to Malocclusion in 12 and 15 Year Old School Children Belgaum City India

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep. S. Tangade
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
School Children ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anterior Teeth

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to know the prevalence of anterior teeth fracture and malocclusion and their correlation among the school going children aged 12 and 15 years, as well as to analyze the general relative risk factors like age, sex, malocclusion, nature and place of trauma. Method An epidemiological cross sectional study was carried out among 3621 school going children (2418 boys and 1203 girls) in Belgaum city aged 12 and 15 years. Interview was conducted fro other variables and clinical examination using modified WHO performa was done. Results The prevalence of anterior teeth fracture was 4.41%. The prevalence rate for males was 4.96% and females 3.33%. The maxillary left central incisor had more risk for fracture (42.7%). Enamel fractures compromised of 59.54%. The prevalence rate of malocclusion was 27.3%. Conclusions The study concludes that there is a strong relationship between malocclusion and fractured anterior teeth (P<0.001). Key words: Malocclusion, Trauma, Prevalence, Tooth Fracture

scholarly journals Nutritional Status and Risk Factors for Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older People: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Pérez-Ros ◽  
Rafael Vila-Candel ◽  
Lourdes López-Hernández ◽  
Francisco Miguel Martínez-Arnau
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Older People ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Dwelling Older People ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: This study aims to assess the relationship that frailty has with nutritional status and functional risk factors in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Cross-sectional study in community-dwelling older people, independent for walking and without impaired cognition. Frailty was assessed by Fried criteria. Nutritional status was analyzed by the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF), biochemical markers (albumin, total proteins, cholesterol, lymphocytes, and hemoglobin); and anthropometric parameters (body mass index [BMI], body fat percentage, handgrip, and perimeters). A comprehensive geriatric assessment analyzed other risk factors: functionality, cognition, falls, comorbidity, polypharmacy, physical activity, and quality of life (QoL). Results: We included 564 elderly people with a mean age of 76.05 (standard deviation 3.97) years; 63.1% (n = 356) were women, and 83.9% (n = 473) were prefrail, and frail. The sample presented high functionality and a nutritional status with a predominance of overweight and obesity. Factors associated with frailty (R2 = 0.43) were age over 75 years (odds ratio [OR] 3.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.76, 6.21; p < 0.001), female gender (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.24, 4.52; p = 0.009), anemia (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.19, 5.02; p = 0.015), falls (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.12, 3.25; p = 0.016) and the fear of falling (OR 4.01: 95% CI 1.76, 9.16; p = 0.001). Performing more than 3 weekly hours of physical activity was found to be a protective factor (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.15, 0.35; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The relationship between frailty and malnutrition in functionally independent community-dwelling older people is unclear. More studies are needed to know what nutritional markers are related to frailty, cognition, and functionality in order to discriminate the risk factors for community-dwelling older people at risk of malnutrition and dependency.

scholarly journals Patterns of multiple lifestyle risk factors and their link to mental health in the German adult population: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e022184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefine Atzendorf ◽  
Christian Apfelbacher ◽  
Elena Gomes de Matos ◽  
Ludwig Kraus ◽  
Daniela Piontek
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Lifestyle Risk ◽  
German Adult

ObjectivesLifestyle risk factors, such as drinking or unhealthy diet, can expotentiate detrimental health effects. Therefore, it is important to investigate multiple lifestyle risk factors instead of single ones. The study aims at: (1) identifying patterns of lifestyle risk factors within the adult general population in Germany and (2) examining associations between the extracted patterns and external factors.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingGeneral German adult population (aged 18–64 years).ParticipantsParticipants of the 2015 Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse (n=9204).Primary outcome measuresLifestyle risk factors (daily smoking, at-risk alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, low physical activity, weekly use of pharmaceuticals, as well as consumption of cannabis and other illicit drugs).ResultsA latent class analysis was applied to identify patterns of lifestyle risk factors, and a multinomial logistic regression was carried out to examine associations between the extracted classes and external factors. A total of four classes were extracted which can be described as healthy lifestyle (58.5%), drinking lifestyle (24.4%), smoking lifestyle (15.4%) and a cumulate risk factors lifestyle (1.7%). Individuals who were male, at younger age and single as well as individuals with various mental health problems were more likely to show multiple lifestyle risk factors.ConclusionsHealthcare professionals should be aware of correlations between different lifestyle risk factors as well as between lifestyle risk groups and mental health. Health promotion strategies should further focus especially on younger and single men.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Practice and Optimal Development of Postural Control in School Children: Are They Related?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose L. García-Soidán ◽  
Jesús García-Liñeira ◽  
Raquel Leirós-Rodríguez ◽  
Anxela Soto-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Control State

Background: This study aims to analyze the effect of physical activity practice on the postural control state of school children. If such an effect was detected, the second aim of the study was to identify which specific capacities of postural control benefited the most from physical activity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using a convenience sample of 118 healthy children (54 girls) with a mean age of 10.3 ± 1.2 years. Their weight and height were measured. The accelerometric assessment of balance included four different tests in static balance and walking. Results: Physical activity habit prevalence was 38.9% in girls and 60.9% in boys, and its frequency was 2.3 days per week in girls and 2.8 days in boys. The active children obtained lower accelerations, but the active and sedentary girls showed lower accelerometric values than the active boys. The logistic regression analysis demonstrated the influence of sex on the accelerations of the body (p < 0.001), regardless of the habit of physical activity. Conclusions: Active children have better postural control than sedentary children, although sedentary girls have better balance than active boys. Therefore, physical activity practice seems to favor a more efficient development of postural control, but it cannot level or reverse the effect of the neurophysiological factors that are conditioned by sex.

scholarly journals SALIVARY CORTISOL AND METABOLIC SYNDROME COMPONENT’S ASSOCIATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grasiane Izidorio GARBELLOTTO ◽  
Fernanda Jardim REIS ◽  
Ana Maria Pandolfo FEOLI ◽  
Carla Haas PIOVESAN ◽  
Andréia da Silva GUSTAVO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

ABSTRACT Background: Actually the lifestyle exposes the population to several risk factors related to alimentary habits and less physical activity that contributes to chronic diseases appearance worldwide. Aim: To analyze the association between salivary cortisol and the components of metabolic syndrome. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. As part of it, 28 individuals aged 30-59 years presenting three or more of the following findings: CA: ≥88 cm for women and ≥102 cm for men; SBP>130 mmHg and DBP>85 mmHg; GL>100 mg/dl; TG>150 mg/dl; HDL<40 mg/dl for men and <50 mg/dl for women. Was performed analysis of salivary cortisol (by radioimmunoassay) from 25 salivary samples collected throughout the day, for evaluating changes in the circadian rhythm of this hormone (8AM, noon and 8PM). Results: 28 evaluated individuals had a mean age of 51.9±7.5 years, mostly women (64.3%) and a mean of BMI 33.6±3.2 kg/m². The cortisol level from the 8AM averaged 18.7±4.8 ng/dlL. Individuals with FPG>110mg/dl, have significantly lower average levels of cortisol than ones with FPG <110 (12.8±5,2 vs. 17.3±4.2). Significant correlations were HOMA vs. WC (r=0,465; p˂0,005) and TG (r=0,473; p˂0,005), WC vs. FG (r=0,446; p˂0,005) and BMI (r=0,730; p˂0.0001); TG vs. HDL (r=0,441 p˂0,005) and FG (r=0,440; p˂0,005). Conclusion: Morning salivary cortisol in subjects with chronically elevated blood glucose can represent a downregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis. This is an important finding not yet well investigated.

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