scholarly journals Association Between Insufficiently Physically Active and the Prevalence of Obesity in the United States

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Brock ◽  
Olivia Thomas ◽  
Charles D. Cowan ◽  
David B. Allison ◽  
Glenn A. Gaesser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
The United States ◽  
Median Household Income ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Us States ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Background:Numerous public health organizations have adopted national physical activity recommendations. Despite these recommendations, over half of the US population does not meet the minimum recommendation for physical activity, with large variations across individual US states.Methods:Using the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) prevalence data for physical activity and obesity by state, we performed a weighted least squares regression using prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) as the dependent variable and insufficiently physically active (included completely sedentary), age, race, gender, and median household income as the independent variables.Results:The unadjusted weighted least squares regression revealed a strong correlation between a state’s prevalence of obesity and the prevalence of insufficiently physically active (R = .76, R2 = .58, P < .0001). After adjusting for age, gender, race, and median household income, the prevalence of insufficiently physically active is still a significant predictor of the state prevalence of obesity (partial R = .44, R2 = .19 P = .004).Conclusion:Macroenvironmental and sociopolitical disparities between individual US states that transcend simple state-level demographic factors need to be examined more rigorously to identify unique barriers and promoters of physical activity.

Park Access among School-Age Youth in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (s1) ◽  
pp. S94-S101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen D. Harris ◽  
Prabasaj Paul ◽  
Xingyou Zhang ◽  
Janet E. Fulton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Population Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Age ◽  
Block Group ◽  
Median Household Income ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Block Groups

Background:Fewer than 30% of U.S. youth meet the recommendation to be active > 60 minutes/day. Access to parks may encourage higher levels of physical activity.Purpose:To examine differences in park access among U.S. school-age youth, by demographic characteristics and urbanicity of block group.Methods:Park data from 2012 were obtained from TomTom, Incorporated. Population data were obtained from the 2010 U.S. Census and American Community Survey 2006–2010. Using a park access score for each block group based on the number of national, state or local parks within one-half mile, we examined park access among youth by majority race/ethnicity, median household income, median education, and urbanicity of block groups.Results:Overall, 61.3% of school-age youth had park access—64.3% in urban, 36.5% in large rural, 37.8% in small rural, and 35.8% in isolated block groups. Park access was higher among youth in block groups with higher median household income and higher median education.Conclusion:Urban youth are more likely to have park access. However, park access also varies by race/ethnicity, median education, and median household. Considering both the demographics and urbanicity may lead to better characterization of park access and its association with physical activity among youth.

Association of Behavioral Phenotypes With Changes in Sleep During a Workplace Wellness Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 089011712110150
Author(s):  
Kimberly J. Waddell ◽  
Sujatha Changolkar ◽  
Gregory Szwartz ◽  
Sarah Godby ◽  
Mitesh S. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Behavioral Phenotype ◽  
Workplace Wellness ◽  
Wellness Program ◽  
Behavioral Phenotypes ◽  
Physically Active

Purpose: Examine changes in sleep duration by 3 behavioral phenotypes during a workplace wellness program with overweight and obese adults. Design: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial Setting: Remotely monitored intervention conducted across the United States Subjects: 553 participants with a body mass index ≥25 Intervention: Participants were randomized to 1 of 4 study arms: control, gamification with support, gamification with collaboration, and gamification with competition to increase their physical activity. All participants were issued a wrist-worn wearable device to record their daily physical activity and sleep duration. Measures: The primary outcome was change in daily sleep duration from baseline during the 24 week intervention and follow-up period by study arm within behavioral phenotype class. Analysis: Linear mixed effects regression. Results: Participants who had a phenotype of less physically active and less social at baseline, in the gamification with collaboration arm, significantly increased their sleep duration during the intervention period (30.2 minutes [95% CI 6.9, 53.5], P = 0.01), compared to the control arm. There were no changes in sleep duration among participants who were more extroverted and motivated or participants who were less motivated and at-risk. Conclusions: Changes in sleep during a physical activity intervention varied by behavioral phenotype. Behavioral phenotypes may help to precisely identify who is likely to improve sleep duration during a physical activity intervention.

Modeling and Interpretation of Tidal Turbine Vibration Through Weighted Least Squares Regression

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1252-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant S. Galloway ◽  
Victoria M. Catterson ◽  
Craig Love ◽  
Andrew Robb ◽  
Thomas Fay
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Tidal Turbine

scholarly journals Tolerance Intervals in a Heteroscedastic Linear Regression Context with Applications to Aerospace Equipment Surveillance

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Myhre ◽  
Daniel R. Jeske ◽  
Michael Rennie ◽  
Yingtao Bi
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Tolerance Intervals ◽  
Power Of The Test

A heteroscedastic linear regression model is developed from plausible assumptions that describe the time evolution of performance metrics for equipment. The inherited motivation for the related weighted least squares analysis of the model is an essential and attractive selling point to engineers with interest in equipment surveillance methodologies. A simple test for the significance of the heteroscedasticity suggested by a data set is derived and a simulation study is used to evaluate the power of the test and compare it with several other applicable tests that were designed under different contexts. Tolerance intervals within the context of the model are derived, thus generalizing well-known tolerance intervals for ordinary least squares regression. Use of the model and its associated analyses is illustrated with an aerospace application where hundreds of electronic components are continuously monitored by an automated system that flags components that are suspected of unusual degradation patterns.

scholarly journals SLEEP QUALITY AS A MECHANISM LINKING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S779-S779
Author(s):  
Alycia N Bisson ◽  
Margie E Lachman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Waking Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Moderating Role

Abstract Modifiable health behaviors, such as physical activity and sleep quality are important for cognition throughout life. A growing body of research also suggests that engaging in enough physical activity is important to sleeping well. One recent study found that sleep efficiency mediates the relationship between physical activity and cognition. It is still unknown whether other metrics of sleep quality are mediators. The present study tested mediation in the second wave of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. Using the PROCESS macro for SPSS, we found that those who were more physically active fell asleep faster, and had better executive functioning. In addition, those who were more physically active reported waking up fewer times during the night, and had better executive functioning and self-rated memory. Discussion will focus on the moderating role of gender and distinctions between findings with different measures of sleep, physical activity, and cognition.

A Comparison of Accuracy Based on Data Imputation between Unconstrained Structural Equation Modeling and Weighted Least Squares Regression

2011 ◽  
Vol 130-134 ◽  
pp. 730-733
Author(s):  
Narong Phothi ◽  
Somchai Prakancharoen
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Data Imputation ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Waveform Generator ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Testing Group

This research proposed a comparison of accuracy based on data imputation between unconstrained structural equation modeling (Uncon-SEM) and weighted least squares (WLS) regression. This model is developed by University of California, Irvine (UCI) and measured using the mean magnitude of relative error (MMRE). Experimental data set is created using the waveform generator that contained 21 indicators (1,200 samples) and divided into two groups (1,000 for training and 200 for testing groups). In fact, training group was analyzed by three main factors (F1, F2, and F3) for creating the models. The result of the experiment show MMRE of Uncon-SEM method based on the testing group is 34.29% (accuracy is 65.71%). In contrast, WLS method produces MMRE for testing group is 55.54% (accuracy is 44.46%). So, Uncon-SEM is high accuracy and MMRE than WLS method that is 21.25%.

scholarly journals Cross-Country Variation in Obesity Patterns among Older Americans and Europeans

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Carl Michaud ◽  
Arthur H.O. van Soest ◽  
Tatiana Andreyeva
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

While the fraction of obese people is not as large in Europe as in the United States, obesity is becoming an important issue in Europe as well. Using comparable data from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and the Health and Retirement Study in the U.S. (HRS), we analyze the correlates of obesity in the population ages 50 and above, focusing on measures of energy intake and expenditure as well as socio-economic status. We find that obesity rates differ substantially on both sides of the Atlantic and across European countries, with most of the difference coming from the right tail of the weight distribution. The well-known SES gradient in the prevalence of obesity differs across countries and cannot be fully explained by the variation in food expenditure or physical activity. Obesity is associated with lack of physical activity, calorie intake, time spent on cooking, and time and money spent on eating at home and away from home, but some of these associations vary across countries. More research is needed to analyze why this is the case.

How are characteristics of urban green space related to levels of physical activity: Examining the links

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1091-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Akpinar ◽  
Murat Cankurt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
General Population ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
The City ◽  
Exercise Equipment

This study investigates the associations between characteristics of urban green spaces and frequency and duration of self-reported physical activity in the city of Aydın, Turkey. Data were collected through a survey with 420 participants. We analysed the associations between characteristics of urban green spaces and frequency and duration of general population’ physical activity and physical activity of physically active people with multivariate linear regression while controlling for sex, age, marital status, education level, occupation and household income level. Results showed that for the general population, short distance to urban green spaces, many trees, exercise equipment and picnic areas were positively associated with frequency of physical activity, while barbecue and fire places negatively associated with duration of physical activity. For physically active people, many trees, soccer and basketball fields were positively associated with their frequency of physical activity, but water features were negatively correlated with frequency of physical activity. In regard to duration of physical activity for physically active people, findings showed lawn and exercise equipment were positively correlated with duration of physical activity, while water features, barbecue and fire places were negatively correlated with duration of physical activity. The findings indicate that levels of physical activity in urban green spaces could be promoted with many trees, exercise equipment, picnic areas and lawn. However, causal relationship needs to be conducted with intervention or longitudinal studies.

Physical Activity and Psychosocial Discomfort among High School Students in Taipei, Taiwan

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy M. Page ◽  
Ching-Mei Lee ◽  
Nae-Fang Miao ◽  
Kirk Dearden ◽  
Athena Carolan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Asian Country ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Students ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
National Differences ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between physical activity and psychosocial discomfort was investigated among a sample of 2,665 high school students in Taipei, Taiwan. Results showed that both boys and girls who were physically inactive or engaged in infrequent physical activity scored higher than their more physically active counterparts on three measures of psychosocial discomfort—loneliness, shyness, and hopelessness. Results also showed that a high proportion of Taipei City and Taipei County high school students did not report frequent participation in vigorous physical activity and strengthening exercises. This study's findings are discussed in the context of implications for health education programs aimed at increasing physical activity in youth. Additionally, this study explores cross-national differences in loneliness, shyness, and hoplessness between this sample of adolescents and samples of adolescents in the United States and another Asian country.

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