Physical Fitness of Rural Children Compared With Urban Children in North Cyprus: A Normative Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cevdet Tinazci ◽  
Osman Emiroglu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Normative Study ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Motor Fitness ◽  
North Cyprus

Background:The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of environmental factors on physical fitness of rural and urban children.Methods:To reveal the differences between physical fitness of children living in urban and rural districts of the Turkish Cypriot population, 3939 nine- to eleven-year-old male primary school children from 90 schools of North Cyprus were tested. Testing procedures were similar to the Eurofit tests.Results:The results showed that body mass index and skinfold thicknesses were higher in the urban children (P < .05). Differences in cardiopulmonary and motor fitness were also found between groups. In addition, flexibility and muscle endurance were significantly higher in the rural children.Conclusion:The significantly lower flexibility, muscle endurance, and strength of urban children might indicate a lower habitual physical activity level.

Physical fitness in rural children compared with urban children in Turkey

2005 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehtap Ozdirenc ◽  
Ayse Ozcan ◽  
Fatma Akin ◽  
Nihal Gelecek
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Rural Children

scholarly journals A Novel Monitoring System (AUT FIT) for Anthropometrics and Physical Fitness in Primary School Children in Austria: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Gerald Jarnig ◽  
Johannes Jaunig ◽  
Reinhold Kerbl ◽  
Rodrigo Antunes Lima ◽  
Mireille N. M. van Poppel
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Motor Fitness ◽  
Fitness Tests

Monitoring of anthropometric and physical fitness parameters in primary school children is important for the prevention of future health problems. Many of the existing test batteries that are useful for monitoring require expensive test materials, specialized test administrators, and a lot of space. This limits the usefulness of such tests for widespread use. The aim of this pilot study was to design and evaluate monitoring tools for anthropometrics and physical fitness tests in primary schools, called AUT FIT. The test battery consists of height, weight, and waist circumference measurement and eight fitness tests (6 min run, V sit-and-reach, jumping sideways, standing long jump, medicine ball throw, 4 × 10 m shuttle run, ruler drop, single leg stand). Data of 821 children aged 7 to 10 years were gathered. Most AUT FIT tests showed excellent test–retest and interrater reliability and were easy to implement. Criterion-related validity was evident by a strong correlation between physical education teacher rankings and rank scores for motor fitness. Nationwide implementation in the Austrian school system could be an important component for monitoring and improving the health and fitness of primary school children.

scholarly journals Subnational variation of stunting, wasting and malnutrition in Chinese primary-school children between 2010 and 2014: urban–rural disparity

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 2043-2054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhui Dong ◽  
Kristina Bennett ◽  
Catherine Jan ◽  
Bin Dong ◽  
Zhiyong Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Childhood Stunting

AbstractObjectiveTo examine urban–rural disparity in childhood stunting, wasting and malnutrition at national and subnational levels in Chinese primary-school children in 2010 and 2014.DesignData were obtained from two nationwide cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2010 and 2014. Malnutrition was classified using the Chinese national ‘Screening Standard for Malnutrition of Children’.SettingAll twenty-seven mainland provinces and four municipalities of mainland China.ParticipantsChildren aged 7–12 years (n215 214; 107 741 in 2010 and 107 473 in 2014) from thirty-one provinces.ResultsStunting, wasting and malnutrition prevalence were 1·9, 12·3 and 13·7 % in 2010, but decreased to 1·0, 9·4 and 10·2 % in 2014, respectively. The prevalence of stunting, wasting and malnutrition in both urban and rural children was higher in western provinces, while lower in eastern provinces. Although the prevalence of wasting and malnutrition was higher in rural children than their urban counterparts, the urban–rural disparity in both wasting and malnutrition decreased from 2010 to 2014 (prevalence OR: wasting, 1·35 to 1·16; malnutrition, 1·50 to 1·27). A reversal occurred in 2014 in several eastern provinces where the prevalence of wasting and malnutrition in urban children surpassed their rural peers. The urban–rural disparity was larger in western provinces than eastern provinces.ConclusionsThe shrinking urban–rural disparity and the reversal in wasting and malnutrition suggest that the malnutrition situation has improved during the post-crisis period, especially in the western provinces. Region-specific policies and interventions can be useful to sustainably mitigate malnutrition in Chinese children, especially in rural areas and the western provinces.

scholarly journals HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH STATUS AND ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE CITY AND THE COUNTRYSIDE

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
I.P. Saldan ◽  
A.P. Pashkov ◽  
O.V. Zhukova ◽  
S.P. Filippova ◽  
N.Yu. Potseluev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Anthropometric Indicators ◽  
Special Approach ◽  
The City

We assessed the main anthropometric indicators of physical development (height, body weight and chest circumference) in primary school children living and studying in the city and their peers living and studying in the countryside. We carried out children's medical records analysis with an assessment of health groups structure. It has been established that the physical development indicators in primary school rural children are statistically significantly higher than those of urban children in both boys and girls. Chronic diseases are more common among urban children aged 7–10 years. The obtained results confirm the need for a special approach to physical development assessing of children and adolescents living in cities and the countryside, as well as the need to develop preventive measures aimed at improving and preserving the children health.

scholarly journals Impact of Parental Education and Physical Activity on the Long-Term Development of the Physical Fitness of Primary School Children: An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8736
Author(s):  
Gerhard Ruedl ◽  
Martin Niedermeier ◽  
Lukas Wimmer ◽  
Vivien Ploner ◽  
Elena Pocecco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Motor Test ◽  
The Impact

Low physical fitness (PF) has been associated with higher risk of suffering from different diseases. The importance of PF is evident already in early ages, as children’s PF appears to be a key factor of their future PF and physical activity level. Among the variables that may have an influence on children’s PF, the importance of parent’s socioeconomic status and active/inactive behaviors has been stressed in several previous studies. However, previous literature has mostly reported this association through cross-sectional studies. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of parental education and self-reported parental physical activity (PA) on their children’s development of PF during the 4-year duration of primary education. Using German Motor Test 6-18, the major components of PF (sprint velocity, coordination, flexibility, strength endurance, power, and endurance) were measured on a total of 371 children (46.9% girls, 30.6% migration background, 19.6% overweight/obese at the fourth test time point, compliance 70.1%) from 20 primary schools in Tyrol, Austria. Results showed that children with at least one parent with upper secondary education or above obtained significantly higher PF scores at all time points compared to children with both parents with lower secondary education and below. However, PF in both groups developed over time in a comparable manner irrespective of parental education. From the age of 9 years old, children with regularly physically active parents showed a stronger development of PF over the time compared to their peers with parents reporting irregular/no PA. Our results suggest that low-educated parents’ children might be considered a special target group for interventions aiming at increasing PF. More research is needed in order to delve into the potential underdevelopment of PF in 9-year-old children whose parents have low PA levels.

scholarly journals Association of maternal ethnicity and urbanicity on severe pediatric disease: a nationwide cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Ting Chang ◽  
Huei-Shyong Wang ◽  
Jia-Rou Liu ◽  
Chi-Nan Tseng ◽  
I-Jun Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Healthy Migrant Effect

Abstract Background A healthy migrant effect on birth outcomes has been reported, however, whether this protective effect persists throughout childhood is unknown. The effect of urbanicity on child health among an immigrant population is unclear. The objective of this study was to compare the incidence rate and cumulative incidence of severe diseases among urban children of Taiwan-born mothers, rural children of Taiwan-born mothers, urban children of foreign-born mothers, and rural children of foreign-born mothers. Methods A nationwide cohort study was conducted for children born in Taiwan during 2004–2011 and follow-up till age 4 to 11 years old by linkage the Taiwan Birth Registry 2004–2011, Taiwan Death Registry 2004–2015, and National Health Insurance Research Database 2004–2015. Cox proportional hazards model (multivariable) was used to examine differences among the four study groups. Results There were 682,982 urban children of Taiwan-born mothers, 662,818 rural children of Taiwan-born mothers, 61,570 urban children of foreign-born mothers, 87,473 rural children of foreign-born mothers. Children of foreign-born mothers had a lower incidence of vasculitis, mainly Kawasaki disease. The incidences of congenital disorders did not differ between children of foreign-born mothers and children of Taiwan-born mothers. The incidence of psychotic disorders was higher in urban children. However, children in rural areas had a higher incidence of major trauma/burn and a higher mortality rate. Conclusions A healthy migrant effect was only seen for Kawasaki disease. The mental health of urban children born to immigrant mothers warrants concern.

The difference of physical fitness of short stature children with and without Channa striata extract (CSE) supplementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-171
Author(s):  
Maria Mexitalia ◽  
Arif Faiza ◽  
Mohammad Syarofil Anam ◽  
Anindita Soetadji
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Growth Chart ◽  
Channa Striata ◽  
The Difference

Background: Physical fitness affected by aortic elasticity which is increased appropriately with insuline growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Channa striata extract (CSE) supplementation increased arginine serum level and further lead to increase of IGF-1, endothelial dysfunction remodeling, and physical fitness. The current study aimed to explore the difference of physical fitness of short stature children with and without CSE supplementation. Method: This cross sectional study conducted to 100 short stature children (male 58; female 42; CSE 50; placebo 50) aged 8-12 years in Brebes, Central Java Indonesia. Short stature was defined as the height/age Z score between -2 and -3 based on WHO 2007 growth chart standard. Physical fitness was measured by modified Harvard step test as stated as VO2max, physical activity by physical activity record and stated as physical activity level (PAL). Data was analyzed by independent t-test and Pearson correlation. Results: VO2max level was higher in CSE 41.67 ± 6.967 ml/kg/minutes and placebo 41.16 ± 5.238 mL/kg/minutes, p=0.682. Hemoglobin level was higher in CSE than placebo (13.12 ± 0.932; 12.99 ± 0.878) g/dL; p=0.5020. All children revealed active category on PAL. The results showed a significant relationship between PAL and physical fitness, hemoglobin and PAL on CSE (p<0.05), however there was no correlation between hemoglobin level and physical fitness. Conclusion: Physical fitness in short stature children with CSE supplementation or placebo was good category. There was no differences between hemoglobin level and PAL in both of groups. There was no difference between physical fitness in short stature children with CSE supplementation or placebo.  Keywords: physical fitness, short stature, physical activity, hemoglobin level

Serum Myostatin Levels Are Higher in Fitter, More Active, and Non-Frail Long-Term Nursing Home Residents and Increase after a Physical Exercise Intervention

Gerontology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haritz Arrieta ◽  
Gotzone Hervás ◽  
Chloe Rezola-Pardo ◽  
Fátima Ruiz-Litago ◽  
Miren Iturburu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Activity Level

Background: Myostatin has been proposed as a candidate biomarker for frailty and sarcopenia. However, the relationship of myostatin with these conditions remains inconclusive. Objective: To determine the association of serum myostatin concentration with body composition, physical fitness, physical activity level, and frailty in long-term nursing home residents. We also aimed to ascertain the effect of an exercise program on myostatin levels. Methods: We obtained study data on 112 participants from long-term nursing homes. Participants were randomly assigned to a control or an intervention group and performed a 6-month multicomponent exercise program. Serum myostatin levels were analyzed by ELISA. Assessments also included body composition (anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance), physical fitness (Senior Fitness Test), physical activity level (accelerometry), and frailty (Fried frailty criteria, Clinical Frailty Scale, and Tilburg frailty indicator). Results: The concentration of myostatin at baseline was positively correlated with: a leaner body composition (p < 0.05), and a higher number of steps per day and light and moderate-vigorous physical activity in women (p < 0.005); greater upper and lower limb strength, endurance, and poorer flexibility (p < 0.05) in men; and better performance (less time) in the 8-ft timed up-and-go test in both women (p < 0.01) and men (p < 0.005). We observed higher concentrations of serum myostatin in non-frail than in frail participants (p < 0.05). Additionally, we found that the implemented physical exercise intervention, which was effective to improve physical fitness, increased myostatin concentration in men (p < 0.05) but not in women. The improvements in physical condition were related with increases in serum myostatin only in men (p < 0.05–0.01). Conclusions: Higher serum levels of myostatin were found to be associated with better physical fitness. The improvements in physical fitness after the intervention were positively related to increases in myostatin concentrations in men. These results seem to rule out the idea that high serum myostatin levels are indicative of frailty in long-term nursing home residents. However, although the direction of association was opposite to that expected for the function of myostatin, the use of this protein as a biomarker for physical fitness, rather than frailty, merits further study.

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