scholarly journals The Influence of Physical Fitness and Exercise upon Cognitive Functioning: A Meta-Analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Etnier ◽  
Walter Salazar ◽  
Daniel M. Landers ◽  
Steven J. Petruzzello ◽  
Myungwoo Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Small Positive Effect

Nearly 200 studies have examined the impact that either acute or long-term exercise has upon cognition. Subsets of these studies have been reviewed using the traditional narrative method, and the common conclusion has been that the results are mixed. Therefore, a more comprehensive review is needed that includes all available studies and that provides a more objective and reproducible review process. Thus, a meta-analytic review was conducted that included all relevant studies with sufficient information for the calculation of effect size (N = 134). The overall effect size was 0.25, suggesting that exercise has a small positive effect on cognition. Examination of the moderator variables indicated that characteristics related to the exercise paradigm, the participants, the cognitive tests, and the quality of the study influence effect size. However, the most important finding was that as experimental rigor decreased, effect size increased. Therefore, more studies need to be conducted that emphasize experimental rigor.

scholarly journals Clinical determinants associated with quality of life for people who live with HIV/AIDS: a Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesam Ghiasvand ◽  
Katherine M. Waye ◽  
Mehdi Noroozi ◽  
Gholamreza Ghaedamini Harouni ◽  
Bahram Armoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background During recent years, Quality of Life (QoL) is a significant assessment factor in clinical trials and epidemiological researches due to the advent of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has become a manageable,chronic disease. With regards, more attention must be paid to the QoL of infected patients. Limited evidence exists on the impact of ART on QoL among HIV infected patients. Due to lacking of a systematic approach to summarizing the available evidence on the clinical determinants of People Who Live with HIV/AIDS (PWLHs’) QoL, this study aimed to analyze the impact of clinical determinants (ART experience, CD4 count < 200, co-morbidities, time diagnosis and accessibility to cares) on QoL among PWLHs’. Methods This study was designed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Cochrane electronic databases were searched in February 2017 to identify all past studies that discussed social and behavioral characteristics of QoL in PLWHA. To recognize effective factors on social and behavioral QoL, a meta-analysis was conducted. Polled Odds Ratios (ORs) were utilized at a 95% confidence level. Since sampling methods differed between articles in the systematic review, we evaluated pooled estimates using a random effect model. Metan, metareg, metacum, and metabias commands in STATA version 13.0 were applied to analyze the data. Results Our findings indicated that ART has a positive impact on QoL, with a pooled effect size at approximately 1.04 with a confidence interval between 0.42 to 1.66 which indicates this impact is not very considerable and may be relatively neutral. The pooled effect size for CD4 count on QoL was .29 (95%CI = .22–.35), indicating that there is a negative associate between CD4 count and QoL. The co-morbidity as a negative determinant for QoL among HIV/AIDS infected people. The pooled effect size implies on a relative neutral association, although the confidence interval is wide and ranges between 0.32 to 1.58. The pooled effect size is about 1.82 with confidence interval 1.27 to 2.37 which indicates a considerable positive association with lowest level of heterogeneity. Conclusions The results illustrated that time diagnosing and availability to hospital services had significant relationship with a higher QoL and CD4 < 200 was associated with a lower QoL. In conclusion, policy makers should set an agenda setting to provide a suitable diagnostic and therapeutic facilities to early detecting and continues monitoring the health status of People Who Live with HIV/AIDS (PWLHs’).

A COMPARISON OF PHARMACEUTICAL REIMBURSEMENT AGENCIES' PROCESSES AND METHODS IN FRANCE AND SCOTLAND

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Bending ◽  
John Hutton ◽  
Clare McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Health Economic ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Health Economic Analysis ◽  
The Common ◽  
Appraisal Processes ◽  
The Impact

Objectives:Pharmaceutical reimbursement agencies’ processes and methods of appraisal vary across countries. The objective of this study was to examine the contribution of formal health economic analysis in a process using such analysis in Scotland in comparison to a process not routinely using such analysis in France.Methods:A framework for classifying reimbursement systems was used to analyze the two systems. A typology of recommendation was defined and a qualitative analysis of decisions on a sample of medicines appraised by both reimbursement agencies was conducted. Reasons for differences in recommendations were analyzed and case studies selected to illustrate the common reasons.Results:Thirty-nine common medicines appraised by both agencies were identified between 2005 and 2010, treating a variety of diseases for which the Scottish Medicines Consortium tended to provide more restrictive, or did not recommend, listing. Similarities in clinical evidence submitted to the respective reimbursement committees were observed. Differences in recommendation can be explained by a combination of the manufacturer's freedom to set price and the incentives provided by the consideration of health economic analysis and quality of life, alongside differences in relevant comparators, relevant outcomes, treatment guidelines, and the propensity to use network meta-analysis, in decision making.Conclusions:This study provides some explanations and hypotheses for the differences observed in recommendations for a selected sample of medicines with regards to differences in appraisal processes and methods adopted. Further research using larger datasets may allow stakeholders to assess the impact of such differences on the efficient use of health resources.

Impact of type I Boston keratoprosthesis implantation on vision-related quality of life

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 878-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Ang ◽  
Ryan Man ◽  
Eva Fenwick ◽  
Ecosse Lamoureux ◽  
Mark Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Type I ◽  
Boston Keratoprosthesis ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
The Impact

AimTo determine the impact of type I Boston keratoprosthesis (KPro) implantation on vision-related quality of life (VRQoL).MethodsProspective study in 33 patients (mean age 56±12 years, 67% male) with bilateral corneal blindness, who underwent a KPro implantation at a single tertiary eye hospital (June 2011–July 2015). VRQoL was evaluated using the Impact of Vision Impairment Questionnaire (IVI) at baseline and at 3–6 months postsurgery, after stabilisation of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Rasch analysis was used to transform the IVI responses into interval-level measures comprising the ‘reading’, ‘mobility’ and ‘emotional’ subscales with effect sizes calculated for pre-post VRQoL scores.ResultsMean preoperative BCVA was counting-fingers at 2 feet in the operated eye (20/240 fellow eye). Preoperative VRQoL scores: −2.27, –2.91 and −3.06 logits for the reading, mobility and emotional subscales, respectively. Device retention rate was 90% over the follow-up period (mean 26±12 months). We observed large gains for reading and mobility of 1.92 logits (effect size 0.88), and 2.64 logits (effect size 0.89) respectively, with a moderate gain in the emotional subscale of 2.11 logits (effect size 0.59). These improvements did not vary significantly with BCVA on multivariate analysis (all p>0.05).ConclusionWe observed a differential short-term improvement to VRQoL after KPro implantation with a significant impact on emotional well-being, which may not be fully explained by visual improvement alone. Further studies are required to confirm if these improvements in VRQoL are sustained in the long-term and are generalisable to other populations.

scholarly journals Effects of Yoga Interventions on Fatigue: A Meta-Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Boehm ◽  
Thomas Ostermann ◽  
Stefania Milazzo ◽  
Arndt Büssing
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Jadad Score ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Moderate Effect ◽  
Cancer Multiple ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Small Positive Effect

Background. Researchers aimed at systematically reviewing and meta-analyzing the effectiveness of yoga interventions for fatigue.Methods. PubMed/Medline was searched until January 2012 for controlled clinical studies. Two reviewers independently extracted the data. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed. A meta-analysis was performed.Results. Nineteen clinical studies (total ) were included in this review. Investigated yoga styles included Hatha, Iyengar, Asanas, Patanjali, Sahaja, and Tibetan yoga. Participants were suffering from cancer, multiple sclerosis, dialysis, chronic pancreatitis, fibromyalgia, asthma, or were healthy. Yoga had a small positive effect on fatigue (SMD = 0.27, 59% CI = 0.23–0.31). Seven studies received 4 points on the Jadad score. There were baseline differences in at least 5 studies.Conclusion. Overall, the effects of yoga interventions on fatigue were only small, particularly in cancer patients. Although yoga is generally a safe therapeutic intervention and effective to attenuate other health-related symptoms, this meta-analysis was not able to define the powerful effect of yoga on patients suffering from fatigue. Treatment effects of yoga could be improved in well-designed future studies. According to the GRADE recommendations assessing the overall quality of evidence, there is a moderate effect of the confidence placed in the estimates of the effects discussed here.

A Meta-Analysis of Adventure Therapy Outcomes and Moderators

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Bowen ◽  
James T. Neill
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adventure Therapy ◽  
Therapy Outcomes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Therapy Studies

This study reports on a meta-analytic review of 197 studies of adventure therapy participant outcomes (2,908 effect sizes, 206 unique samples). The short-term effect size for adventure therapy was moderate (g = .47) and larger than for alternative (.14) and no treatment (.08) comparison groups. There was little change during the lead-up (.09) and follow- up periods (.03) for adventure therapy, indicating long-term maintenance of the short-term gains. The short-term adventure therapy outcomes were significant for seven out of the eight outcome categories, with the strongest effects for clinical and self-concept measures, and the smallest effects for spirituality/morality. The only significant moderator of outcomes was a positive relationship with participant age. There was also evidence that adventure therapy studies have reported larger effects over time since the 1960s. Publication bias analyses indicated that the study may slightly underestimate true effects. Overall, the findings provide the most robust meta-analysis of the effects of adventure therapy to date. Thus, an effect size of approximately .5 is suggested as a benchmark for adventure therapy programs, although this should be adjusted according to the age group.

scholarly journals The Response of Common Bean to Sulphur and Molybdenum Fertilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Głowacka ◽  
Tomasz Gruszecki ◽  
Bogdan Szostak ◽  
Sławomir Michałek
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Made In

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of sulphur and molybdenum fertilization on the yield and chemical composition of common bean seeds. A field experiment was conducted in southeastern Poland in 2012–2014. The scheme of the study included the following treatments: O-control, Mo-molybdenum (100 g·ha−1), SBS-sulphur before sowing (50 kg·ha−1), SFA-sulphur foliar application (50 kg·ha−1), Mo + SBS-molybdenum (100 g·ha−1) and sulphur before sowing (50 kg·ha−1), and Mo + SFA-molybdenum (100 g·ha−1) and sulphur foliar application (50 kg·ha−1). After harvesting, the following determinations were made in bean seeds: content of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, methionine, and cysteine. Application of Mo increased seed yield and protein and methionine content, as well as the content and uptake of P, Mg, and Ca in common bean seeds. Sulphur application had a positive effect on seed yield (13.6% increase) and protein content. Moreover, sulphur improved the biological value of protein by increasing the content of methionine, cysteine, and some macroelements. The most beneficial effects were obtained when both molybdenum and sulphur were used in fertilization. Considering the yield-producing effect and the impact on the biological quality of protein, sulphur fertilization should be included in the crop management for the common bean.

scholarly journals Impact of aquatic exercise on persons with kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 339-347
Author(s):  
D Rodríguez Rey ◽  
MA Sanchez-Lastra ◽  
C Ayán Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Aquatic Exercise ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Analyze the scientific evidence on the effects that aquatic physical exercise has on people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Material and method: A systematic review was carried out following the checklist Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols, with the objective of locating the largest number of investigations that aimed to identify the effects of the practice of aquatic physical exercise in people with ERC. A search of the PubMed, PEDro, Scopus and Cochrane databases were carried out until March 2019, using the PEDro, CERT, MINORS and NIH scales to determine the methodological quality of the same. Results: Five investigations were located, two of them were randomized control trials, another two studies comparatives and one was uncontrolled. The mean score and the median obtained after applying PEDro scale were 4 and 4 respectively. All the interventions proposed aerobic exercise programs, being generally of short duration and highly supervised, without any adverse effects arising from their practice. In a large part of the studies, significant effects were observed in physical condition, physiological parameters and quality of life, to a lesser extent. The practice of exercise had no significant impact on either the activity of the disease or the perceived pain in patients. Conclusions: Practice of aquatic exercise is beneficial in people with ERC. More longitudinal studies are needed to assess the impact of aquatic exercises as well as its effect and quality of life in long term.

The Effect of Telehealth Interventions on Function and Quality of Life for Older Adults with Pre-Frailty or Frailty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 073346482098363
Author(s):  
Elham Esfandiari ◽  
William C. Miller ◽  
Maureen C. Ashe
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Standard Mean Difference ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Small Positive Effect ◽  
Improve Health

Telehealth interventions improve health outcomes by increasing access to care. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize evidence on the effect of telehealth interventions compared with no intervention or usual care for older adults with pre-frailty or frailty for physical function, quality of life (QOL), and frailty. We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus. Two authors reviewed records and assessed risk of bias. A narrative synthesis of findings was conducted. When appropriate, the standard mean difference (SMD) was used to compare telehealth interventions with control conditions. We used GRADE to determine the certainty of the evidence. Twelve RCTs were included. Low certainty evidence highlighted positive effects for the function and mental component of QOL favoring telehealth interventions (SMD = 0.31, 95% CI = [0.15, 0.47]; and SMD = 0.43, 95% CI = [0.22, 0.64], respectively). Despite a small positive effect of telehealth interventions, insufficient, and low certainty evidence precludes making definitive recommendations.

scholarly journals Impact of comorbid conditions on outcomes of hip and knee replacement surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e021784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bélène Podmore ◽  
Andrew Hutchings ◽  
Jan van der Meulen ◽  
Ajay Aggarwal ◽  
Sujith Konan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Knee Replacement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Comorbid Condition ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Knee Replacement Surgery ◽  
Replacement Surgery ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo systematically perform a meta-analysis of the association between different comorbid conditions on safety (short-term outcomes) and effectiveness (long-term outcomes) in patients undergoing hip and knee replacement surgery.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsMedline, Embase and CINAHL Plus were searched up to May 2017. We included all studies that reported data to allow the calculation of a pooled OR for the impact of 11 comorbid conditions on 10 outcomes (including surgical complications, readmissions, mortality, function, health-related quality of life, pain and revision surgery). The quality of included studies was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Continuous outcomes were converted to ORs using the Hasselblad and Hedges approach. Results were combined using a random-effects meta-analysis.OutcomesThe primary outcome was the adjusted OR for the impact of each 11 comorbid condition on each of the 10 outcomes compared with patients without the comorbid condition. Where the adjusted OR was not available the secondary outcome was the crude OR.Results70 studies were included with 16 (23%) reporting on at least 100 000 patients and 9 (13%) were of high quality. We found that comorbidities increased the short-term risk of hospital readmissions (8 of 11 conditions) and mortality (8 of 11 conditions). The impact on surgical complications was inconsistent across comorbid conditions. In the long term, comorbid conditions increased the risk of revision surgery (6 of 11 conditions) and long-term mortality (7 of 11 conditions). The long-term impact on function, quality of life and pain varied across comorbid conditions.ConclusionsThis systematic review shows that comorbidities predominantly have an impact on the safety of hip and knee replacement surgery but little impact on its effectiveness. There is a need for high-quality studies also considering the severity of comorbid conditions.

Effect of Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder on Quality of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Chakhssi ◽  
J. Monique Zoet ◽  
Jeanine M. Oostendorp ◽  
Matthijs L. Noordzij ◽  
Marion Sommers-Spijkerman
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
The Impact

Whereas several meta-analyses have shown that psychotherapy is effective for reducing borderline personality disorder (BPD) pathology, the overall impact of psychotherapy for BPD on quality of life (QoL) remains as yet unclear. Because impaired QoL is associated with poor long-term outcomes after therapy for BPD, this seems a timely and relevant issue. The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of psychotherapies for adults diagnosed with BPD that reported results of QoL at posttreatment. Fourteen trials were included (1,370 individuals with BPD). Psychotherapies for BPD relative to control conditions showed significant effect sizes for QoL (Cohen's d = 0.32; 95% CI [0.17, 0.48]), and for BPD pathology (d = 0.44; 95% CI [0.16, 0.71]). The effect on QoL was not significantly moderated by the effect on BPD pathology. Psychotherapies for BPD have a positive effect on QoL of patients with BPD. However, more studies are needed to examine the impact of psychotherapy on QoL and long-term outcome, including recovery.

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