Effect of Acute Exercise on Cognitive Control Required during an Eriksen Flanker Task

This study aimed to determine how cognitive control, engaged in a task requiring selective inhibition, is affected by acute steady-state exercise. An adapted version of the Eriksen flanker task, involving three types of trials that varied according to their level of congruency (congruent trials, stimulus-incongruent trials, and response-incongruent trials) was performed during 2 periods of 20-min cycling at a carefully controlled intensity (50% of maximal aerobic power). The results indicated that moderate exercise improves reaction time (RT) performance on the Eriksen flanker task. This facilitating effect appeared to be neither dependent on the nature of the interference (stimulus level conflict vs. response level conflict) nor on the amount of cognitive control engaged in the task (congruent vs. incongruent trials). Distributional RT analyses did not highlight any sign of impairment in the efficiency of cognitive control.

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Relationship between maximal aerobic power with aerobic fitness as a function of signal-to-noise ratio

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00310.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 129 (3) ◽

pp. 522-532

Author(s):

Thomas Beltrame ◽

Mariana Oliveira Gois ◽

Uwe Hoffmann ◽

Jessica Koschate ◽

Richard Lee Hughson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Aerobic Fitness ◽

Aerobic Power ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Maximal Aerobic Power ◽

Health Evaluation ◽

Moderate Exercise ◽

Signal To Noise ◽

Noise Ratio ◽

Maximum Exertion

Optimized methods for cardiorespiratory health evaluation are of great interest for public health. Moderate exercise protocols might be as good as maximum exertion exercise protocols to evaluate cardiorespiratory health. Pseudorandom or constant workload moderate exercise can be used to evaluate cardiorespiratory health.

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The impact of exercise intensity on neurophysiological indices of food-related inhibitory control and cognitive control: A randomized crossover event-related potential (ERP) study

10.1101/2020.11.10.377267 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bruce W. Bailey ◽

Alexandra M. Muir ◽

Ciera L. Bartholomew ◽

William F. Christensen ◽

Kaylie A. Carbine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Control ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

Flanker Task ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Moderate Exercise ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Vigorous Exercise ◽

The Impact

AbstractFood-related inhibitory control, the ability to withhold a dominant response towards highly palatable foods, influences dietary decisions. Food-related inhibitory control abilities may increase following a bout of aerobic exercise; however, the impact of exercise intensity on both food-related inhibitory control and broader cognitive control processes is currently unclear. We used a high-powered, within-subjects, crossover design to test how relative intensity of aerobic exercise influenced behavioral (response time, accuracy) and neural (N2 and P3 components of the scalp-recorded event-related potential [ERP]) measures of food-related inhibitory and cognitive control. Two hundred and thirteen participants completed three separate conditions separated by approximately one week in randomized order: two exercise conditions (35% [moderate] or 70% [vigorous] of VO2max) and seated rest. Directly following exercise or rest, participants completed a food-based go/no-go task and a flanker task while electroencephalogram data were recorded. Linear mixed models showed generally faster response times (RT) and improved accuracy following vigorous exercise compared to rest, but not moderate-intensity exercise; RTs and accuracy did not differ between moderate intensity exercise and rest conditions. N2 and P3 amplitudes were larger following vigorous exercise for the food-based go/no-go task compared to rest and moderate intensity exercise. There were no differences between exercise conditions for N2 amplitude during the flanker task; however, P3 amplitude was more positive following vigorous compared to rest, but not moderate exercise. Gender did not moderate exercise outcomes. Results suggest improved and more efficient food- related recruitment of later inhibitory control and cognitive control processes following vigorous exercise.

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Exploring an Emotional Basis of Cognitive Control in the Flanker Task

10.31234/osf.io/nkjy6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Motonori Yamaguchi ◽

Jack Dylan Moore ◽

Sarah Hendry ◽

Felicity Wolohan

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Control ◽

Facial Expressions ◽

Mood Induction ◽

Flanker Task ◽

Emotional Stimuli ◽

Emotional Facial Expressions ◽

Flanker Effect ◽

Sequential Modulation ◽

Emotional Basis ◽

Negative Stimuli

The emotional basis of cognitive control has been investigated in the flanker task with various procedures and materials across different studies. The present study examined the issue with the same flanker task but with different types of emotional stimuli and design. In seven experiments, the flanker effect and its sequential modulation according to the preceding trial type were assessed. Experiments 1 and 2 used affective pictures and emotional facial expressions as emotional stimuli, and positive and negative stimuli were intermixed. There was little evidence that emotional stimuli influenced cognitive control. Experiments 3 and 4 used the same affective pictures and facial expressions, but positive and negative stimuli were separated between different participant groups. Emotional stimuli reduced the flanker effect as well as its sequential modulation regardless of valence. Experiments 5 and 6 used affective pictures but manipulated arousal and valence of stimuli orthogonally The results did not replicate the reduced flanker effect or sequential modulation by valence, nor did they show consistent effects of arousal. Experiment 7 used a mood induction technique and showed that sequential modulation was positively correlated with valence rating (the higher the more positive) but was negatively correlated with arousal rating. These results are inconsistent with several previous findings and are difficult to reconcile within a single theoretical framework, confirming an elusive nature of the emotional basis of cognitive control in the flanker task.

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Maximal aerobic power in essential hypertension

Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1097/00004872-198811000-00003 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. 859-865 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Robert Fagard ◽

Jan Staessen ◽

Antoon Amery

Keyword(s):

Essential Hypertension ◽

Aerobic Power ◽

Maximal Aerobic Power

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Age Moderates the Association of Aerobic Exercise with Initial Learning of an Online Task Requiring Cognitive Control

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617715000685 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (10) ◽

pp. 802-815 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Patrick J. O’Connor ◽

Phillip D. Tomporowski ◽

Rodney K. Dishman

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Control ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Latent Class ◽

Flanker Task ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Free Play ◽

Exercise Frequency ◽

Aerobic Activity ◽

Initial Learning ◽

Increase In Accuracy

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine whether people differed in change in performance across the first five blocks of an online flanker task and whether those trajectories of change were associated with self-reported aerobic or resistance exercise frequency according to age. A total of 8752 men and women aged 13–89 completed a lifestyle survey and five 45-s games (each game was a block of ~46 trials) of an online flanker task. Accuracy of the congruent and incongruent flanker stimuli was analyzed using latent class and growth curve modeling adjusting for time between blocks, whether the blocks occurred on the same or different days, education, smoking, sleep, caffeinated coffee and tea use, and Lumosity training status (“free play” or part of a “daily brain workout”). Aerobic and resistance exercise were unrelated to first block accuracies. For the more cognitively demanding incongruent flanker stimuli, aerobic activity was positively related to the linear increase in accuracy [B=0.577%, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.112 to 1.25 per day above the weekly mean of 2.8 days] and inversely related to the quadratic deceleration of accuracy gains (B=−0.619% CI, −1.117 to −0.121 per day). An interaction of aerobic activity with age indicated that active participants younger than age 45 had a larger linear increase and a smaller quadratic deceleration compared to other participants. Age moderates the association between self-reported aerobic, but not self-reported resistance, exercise and changes in cognitive control that occur with practice during incongruent presentations across five blocks of a 45-s online, flanker task. (JINS, 2015, 21, 802–815)

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Prediction of maximal aerobic power in man

European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology ◽

10.1007/bf00421752 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 215-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

S. S. Verma ◽

J. Sen Gupta ◽

M. S. Malhotra

Keyword(s):

Aerobic Power ◽

Maximal Aerobic Power

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Prediction of maximal aerobic power in healthy Indian males from anthropometric measurements

Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie ◽

10.1127/zma/71/1980/101 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 101-106

Author(s):

S. S. Verma ◽

Hari Bharadwaj ◽

M. S. Malhotra

Keyword(s):

Aerobic Power ◽

Maximal Aerobic Power ◽

Anthropometric Measurements

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Second language (L2) proficiency, socioeconomic status (SES), and intelligence (IQ) are significant predictors of cognitive control differences among young adult unbalanced Chinese–English bilinguals

Bilingualism Language and Cognition ◽

10.1017/s1366728918000822 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (04) ◽

pp. 866-882 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

ZHILONG XIE ◽

TERESA SIGNORELLI PISANO

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Second Language ◽

Young Adult ◽

Cognitive Control ◽

Flanker Task ◽

Incongruent Condition ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽

Card Sorting ◽

Conflict Monitoring ◽

L2 Proficiency

The current study investigates how second-language (L2) proficiency contributes to cognitive control differences among three groups of unbalanced Chinese–English bilinguals matched for socioeconomic status (SES), intelligence (IQ), education, age, culture, and L1 background. A Flanker task and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) were administered to measure conflict monitoring, inhibition, and mental set shifting. ANOVA analyses revealed faster performance for the High-L2 Group compared to the Low-L2 Group in the congruent, neutral, and incongruent conditions of the Flanker task. However, there were no group differences on the WCST. Multiple step-wise regression analyses showed that L2 proficiency was a predictor for the Flanker task performance in all three conditions, SES in the neutral and the incongruent condition, and IQ in the congruent condition. These results suggest that L2 proficiency, along with SES and IQ, contribute significantly to cognitive control differences in conflict monitoring among young-adult bilinguals.

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