Shifting Responses to Institutional Change: The National Football League and Player Concussions

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Heinze ◽  
Di Lu
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Institutional Research ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Organizational Responses ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Governing Body ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time

Institutional research increasingly suggests that organizations are not passive recipients of institutional demands. Organizations can adopt a variety of strategies, including dismissing, decoupling, and co-opting, in response to pressure to change. Over time, organizations likely adopt different approaches, particularly as the institutional field continues to evolve. Through a longitudinal case study of the National Football League’s responses to player concussions, we investigated shifts in how a powerful sport governing body responds to institutional change over time. We found that the National Football League moved through different responses, from more reactive strategies—including dismissing, decoupling, and acquiescing—to proactive attempts to control institutional change. Using data on the National Football League, we offer propositions about the factors that may influence organizational responses. This study advances understanding of powerful sport governing bodies’ responses to institutional change.

Casual Resistance: A Longitudinal Case Study of Video Gaming’s Gendered Construction and Related Audience Perceptions

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 819-841
Author(s):  
Amanda C Cote
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Audience Studies ◽  
Casual Games ◽  
Video Gamers ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Many media are associated with masculinity or femininity and male or female audiences, which links them to broader power structures around gender. Media scholars thus must understand how gendered constructions develop and change, and what they mean for audiences. This article addresses these questions through longitudinal, in-depth interviews with female video gamers (2012–2018), conducted as the rise of casual video games potentially started redefining gaming’s historical masculinization. The analysis shows that participants have negotiated relationships with casualness. While many celebrate casual games’ potential for welcoming new audiences, others resist casual’s influence to safeguard their self-identification as gamers. These results highlight how a medium’s gendered construction may not be salient to consumers, who carefully navigate divides between their own and industrially designed identities, but can simultaneously reaffirm existing power structures. Further, how participants’ views change over time emphasizes communication’s ongoing need for longitudinal audience studies that address questions of media, identity, and inclusion.

Institutional change, entrepreneuring and place: Building a Smart State

2021 ◽  
pp. 017084062110532
Author(s):  
Jonathan Staggs ◽  
April Wright ◽  
Lee Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Field Change ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Organizational Fields ◽  
Research Production ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

We shed new light on the processes through which institutions are created and changed by investigating the question how does institutional entrepreneuring unfold in an already organized world. We conducted a longitudinal case study of the field of scientific research production in Australia, which changed over three decades through entrepreneuring processes associated with the creation of a new ‘Smart State’ place in the city of Brisbane in Queensland. A new place is a form of organizing human activity that has materiality and meaning at a specific geographic location. Our findings showed how field change was interwoven with place creation through four processes of entrepreneuring: structural emancipation, dissociating and reimagining place meanings, bricolaging of place forms, and co-evolving place identities. These entrepreneuring processes constituted the field as a flow of ‘becoming’ that spilled over into temporary and provisional settlements in local places. Our findings make important contributions through: (1) deepening understanding of how organizational fields change through multilevel, distributed, cascading and often unreflexive processes of entrepreneuring processes in an already organized world, (2) bringing attention to a relationship between institutions and place, in which place is both the medium and outcome of institutional entrepreneuring, and (3) providing new insight into embedded agency by illustrating how institutions in ‘becoming’ continually (re)produce the resources and possibilities for agency within gradual institutional change over time.

Understanding the influence of technological capability and exogenous pressure on business model dynamics: insights from a longitudinal case study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingqin Su ◽  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Huanhuan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Technological Capability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Stream ◽  
Over Time

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to explore how technological capability and exogenous pressure interactively influence business model (BM) dynamics over time in new technology-based ventures.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts a longitudinal case study of the BM innovations of a Chinese financial technology venture. The structural approach and temporal bracket are used to analyze and theorize the data.FindingsThe findings indicate that distinct contextual changes impel a firm to refine or abandon existing BMs over time. In different stages, the antecedents interactively influence BM dynamics with three successive patterns, namely pressure dominance, parallel influence and hybrid influence. While both antecedents trigger changes during the initiation and implementation of new BMs, they also serve as the filter and the enabler, respectively, during the ideation and integration of BMs.Research limitations/implicationsThe study inductively develops three propositions regarding the relationship between BM dynamics and its antecedents, which is based on the data collected from one single firm. Future research should test the propositions in other domains and take more cross-level antecedents into consideration.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the nascent research stream of BM dynamics by offering in-depth insights into the interaction of internal and external antecedents and by linking the differentiated roles of antecedents to the BM innovation process. The research offers some practical implications for new technology-based ventures seeking to develop BMs in a fast-changing environment.

Projection Bias in Catalog Orders

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 1217-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Conlin ◽  
Ted O'Donoghue ◽  
Timothy J Vogelsang
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Laboratory Evidence ◽  
Return Probability ◽  
Projection Bias ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time

Evidence suggests that people understand qualitatively how tastes change over time, but underestimate the magnitudes. This evidence is limited, however, to laboratory evidence or surveys of reported happiness. We test for such projection bias in field data. Using data on catalog orders of cold-weather items, we find evidence of projection bias over the weather—specifically, people's decisions are overinfluenced by the current weather. Our estimates suggest that if the order-date temperature declines by 30°F, the return probability increases by 3.95 percent. We also estimate a structural model to measure the magnitude of the bias. (JEL D12, L81)

scholarly journals Measuring Change Over Time in Socio-economic Deprivation and Health in an Urban Context: The Case Study of Genoa

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 745-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Landi ◽  
Enrico Ivaldi ◽  
Angela Testi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Deprivation ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Measuring Change ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Longitudinal case study of child-directed speech in Slovak from the perspective of acquisition of personal pronouns

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-268
Author(s):  
Milada Walková ◽  
◽  
Alexandra Brestovičová ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Simple Regression Analysis ◽  
Simple Regression ◽  
Over Time

Objectives. Previous research has shown that the acquisition of personal pronouns benefits from input with higher amounts of stable reference. This paper aims to provide more evidence of how input is structured. The language under study is Slovak, a pro-drop language, allowing to extend the study of input to verb marking. Participants and setting. The longitudinal study follows speech directed to three children in two families from the age 1;9 to 3;0. Hypotheses. It was hypothesised that the incidence of the first and second person singular pronouns and verb marking as expressions with shifting reference grows with the child’s age while the incidence of proper names and category names as expressions with stable reference decreases with the child’s age. Statistical analysis. Occurrences of first and second person singular pronouns and verb marking as expressions with shifting reference as well as proper names and category names referring to the speaker and addressee as expressions with stable reference were found and analysed. Simple regression analysis testing was conducted on the data. Results. The results confirm the hypothesis, showing an increase in the first and second person singular pronouns and verb marking over time, at the expense of proper names and category names referring to the speaker and the addressee. Study limitations. The study is limited by the size of the sample.

How Strategic Planning Practices Evolve Over Time: Longitudinal Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 10112
Author(s):  
Heidi Korin ◽  
Hannele M J Seeck ◽  
Kirsi Liikamaa
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Over Time

Reconceptualizing Learning Designs in Higher Education

2015 ◽  
pp. 220-237
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Ostashewski ◽  
Sonia Dickinson-Delaporte ◽  
Romana Martin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Traditional Classroom ◽  
Digital Learning ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Implementation Project ◽  
Classroom Activities ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Education Environment ◽  
Over Time

This goal of this chapter is to provide a design and development roadmap for the adaptation of traditional classroom activities into engaging iPad-based digital learning activities. Reporting on an ongoing longitudinal case study, the chapter provides an overview of rationale and design considerations of the authentic iPad learning design implementation project, and the outcomes and improvements made over time. The iPad activities described provide further details of the approach taken and adaptations made. Since implementing iPad activities into this higher education environment several terms ago, the lecturer reports significantly higher levels of student engagement. Additionally, students report that the classroom activities in the post-graduate marketing course are authentic, transferrable, and are more engaging due the use of the iPad-based activities.

Reconceptualizing Learning Designs in Higher Education

2018 ◽  
pp. 319-337
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Ostashewski ◽  
Sonia Dickinson-Delaporte ◽  
Romana Martin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Traditional Classroom ◽  
Digital Learning ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Implementation Project ◽  
Classroom Activities ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Education Environment ◽  
Over Time

This goal of this chapter is to provide a design and development roadmap for the adaptation of traditional classroom activities into engaging iPad-based digital learning activities. Reporting on an ongoing longitudinal case study, the chapter provides an overview of rationale and design considerations of the authentic iPad learning design implementation project, and the outcomes and improvements made over time. The iPad activities described provide further details of the approach taken and adaptations made. Since implementing iPad activities into this higher education environment several terms ago, the lecturer reports significantly higher levels of student engagement. Additionally, students report that the classroom activities in the post-graduate marketing course are authentic, transferrable, and are more engaging due the use of the iPad-based activities.

Electronic Commerce and Change in Management Accounting Practices in an Egyptian Organization

2015 ◽  
pp. 189-205
Author(s):  
Mayada A. Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Management Accounting ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Power Strategies ◽  
Planning Decision ◽  
And Control ◽  
Business To Business ◽  
Over Time

The objective of this chapter is to explore the implementation of e-commerce in an Egyptian organization. It reports on a longitudinal case study in an Egyptian organization (TexCo) that implemented Business-to-Business (B-to-B) electronic commerce. Following a change in leadership, TexCo was subject to a process of questioning the traditional ways of doing things. This process resulted in realizing planning, decision-making, and control problems within the company. The B-to-B system was chosen to introduce new control-based rules. However, the change was faced with resistance from TexCo's distributors. It is posited that various power strategies were used to ameliorate covert and overt resistance. Over time, the management accounting practices in TexCo changed towards greater decision support and control. B-to-B electronic commerce improved planning, decision-making, and control in TexCo.

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