For Love or Money: Developing and Validating a Motivational Scale for Fantasy Football Participation

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Dwyer ◽  
Yongjae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Fantasy Sports ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Internet Applications ◽  
Fantasy Football ◽  
Sport Fans ◽  
Spectator Sport ◽  
Sport Fan ◽  
Print Publications

The contemporary sport fan has the ability to consume spectator sport through several means including event attendance, television and radio broadcasts, print publications, and Internet applications. Recently, an ancillary sport service, termed fantasy sports, has become one of the most popular activities among sport fans. As a result, the business of fantasy sports is booming. This study examined motivational dimensions underlying fantasy football participation from a Uses and Gratifications perspective. Utilizing Churchill’s (1979) five-step method for developing quality marketing measures, this study identified and validated three motivational dimensions:entertainment/escape, competition, andsocial interaction. The results suggest a pattern of fantasy football participation that is more purposeful and active than traditional media use. Discussed are the gambling associations, future research opportunities, and suggestions for developing fantasy football participation into a more creative and interactive marketing communication tool.

The Reverse Socialization of Sport Fans: How Children Impact Their Parents’ Sport Fandom

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 542-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Hyatt ◽  
Shannon Kerwin ◽  
Larena Hoeber ◽  
Katherine Sveinson
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sport Fans ◽  
Sport Fan ◽  
Socializing Agents

While the sport fan literature suggests that it is common for parents to socialize their children to cheer for specific sports and teams, recent literature proposes that children can socialize their parents into changing the parents’ sport fandom in a process sociologists and consumer behavior researchers refer to as reverse socialization. To ascertain whether children can socialize and influence their parents’ sport fandom, 20 sport fan parents were interviewed. Evidence of reverse socialization was found in 15 of the participants, manifesting itself in ways that can be categorized as either developing new or additional fandom, or changing one’s behaviors or attitudes towards their existing fandom. However, further exploration of the data suggests that future research reexamine the term “reverse socialization,” as we do not see this as a directionality of influence, but as children as socializing agents.

Exploring Fan Behavior: Developing a Scale to Measure Sport eFANgelism

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 642-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Dwyer ◽  
Gregory P. Greenhalgh ◽  
Carrie W. LeCrom
Keyword(s):  
Step Method ◽  
Sport Fans ◽  
Sport Team ◽  
Fan Behavior ◽  
Spectator Sport ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
The Many ◽  
Data Collections ◽  
Team Brand ◽  
Brand Evangelism

Brand evangelism, an advanced form of marketing where consumers voluntarily advocate on behalf of the brand, can bring numerous benefits to a firm. Pro-brand behaviors such as word-of-mouth promotion, recruitment of consumers, and disparagement of rivals are just a few of the many actions associated with brand evangelism. With highly impassioned and provocative fans, an opportunity exists to explore brand evangelism within the spectator sport context. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a scale to measure sport team (brand) evangelism. Guided by Fournier’s (1998) brand extension of relationship theory and following Churchill’s (1979) eight-step method for developing marketing measures, two focus groups of fans were interviewed and an additional 450 sport fans were surveyed through two distinct data collections in an attempt to identify sport team evangelistic behaviors, and test a measure of such behaviors. The assessment of the instrument included two forms of reliability analysis and three modes of validity analysis as the scale was parsimoniously reduced from 88 initial behaviors to four factors and 14 items.

Twitter Power and Sport-Fan Loyalty: The Moderating Effects of Twitter

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukjoon Yoon ◽  
James F. Petrick ◽  
Sheila J. Backman
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Relational Approach ◽  
Sport Fans ◽  
Sport Fan ◽  
Team Trust

Sport fans who have formed strong connections to their favorite team may be termed loyal fans. One popular communication tool for such fans is Twitter, which has been found to be an important medium for sharing news and events, yet few studies have examined the moderating of Twitter use in a sport context. Adopting the relational approach examining the determinants of sport-fan loyalty, this study examined how Twitter use moderates the building of fan loyalty. Findings revealed that team attraction, team trust, and team involvement are positively related to team attachment. While team attachment was found to positively influence fan loyalty, sport fans’ Twitter use was found to significantly reinforce their loyalty. Specific implications for both theory and practice are discussed.

Exploring and Measuring Spectator Sport Fanaticism

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Dwyer ◽  
Carrie LeCrom ◽  
Gregory P. Greenhalgh
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Media Consumption ◽  
Sport Fans ◽  
Sport Team ◽  
Expert Review ◽  
Fan Behavior ◽  
Spectator Sport ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Sport Fan

Spectator sport fan behavior is vast and represents one of the society’s most universal leisure activities. While event attendance and media consumption has received a great deal of attention from researchers, there is growing understanding that sport fans interact with their favorite teams in numerous other ways. Little is known, however, of what constitutes the fanatical behavior of sport spectators. Thus, there is an opportunity to understand the impassioned actions of the sport fan population to provide marketers and media providers with a better understanding of how sport fans interact with team brands beyond direct consumption. The current study aimed to discover and develop an instrument to measure spectator sport team fanaticism. Two focus groups were utilized to uncover and generate items. Three samples and an expert review were then conducted to validate the instrument. The following four unique dimensions were uncovered and preliminarily validated: instigation, superstition, committed interaction, and vicarious impact.

Player Pricing Mechanisms and the Daily Fantasy Sport Chance Versus Skill Debate

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Losak
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Fantasy Sports ◽  
Fantasy Football ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Game Player ◽  
Predominant Factor ◽  
Daily Fantasy Sports

Differentiating and defining games of skill versus chance have major legal implications when classifying gambling, especially in relation to daily fantasy sports in the United States. This paper provides a theoretical discussion and introduces an empirical approach to analyzing game player pricing mechanisms. If game pricing mechanisms are fully efficient—player prices fully reflect the expected contributions from players—then that game is one of chance since there is no opportunity for skill to play a role in outcomes. This paper examines player prices from DraftKings’ daily fantasy football product. Empirical results show that there are strategies deriving from the pricing mechanism that can be incorporated by skilled participants to increase their expected performance and improve their chances of winning. This provides evidence that daily fantasy sports are skill-based—a necessary condition for skill to be a predominant factor in game outcomes as part of the legal debate.

Sport league website: an effective marketing communication tool for corporate sponsors

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doyeop Kim ◽  
Matthew Walker ◽  
Jun Heo ◽  
Gi-Yong Koo
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Consumer Attitude ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Sport League ◽  
Sports Sponsorship ◽  
Website Interactivity ◽  
Main Effects

Purpose Although high-profile sport league website sponsorships have increased in popularity over the last decade, academic research on the topic has not kept pace, resulting in little knowledge of ways to improve the effectiveness of this sponsorship type. This paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The current study examined the influence of three website-related variables (i.e. website interactivity, website fit, and website credibility), while controlling for a sponsor-related variable (i.e. sponsor familiarity), on consumer attitude toward the sponsor ad and willingness to click on its banner ad. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated three main effects. Practical implications are discussed with limitations and suggestions for future research. Findings This study found three important things. First, website interactivity played an important role in attitude toward the ad and willingness to click on the banner ad. Second, website fit influenced attitude toward the ad and willingness to click on the banner ad. Third, website credibility influenced attitude toward the ad. Originality/value The findings suggest that in order to maximize online sports sponsorship outcomes, companies must keep in mind that the interactivity between the web users and the site should be regarded as the most pragmatic result which could come from the online sports sponsorship territory.

scholarly journals The Impact Of Emotional Intelligence On Job Outcomes And Its Impact To Turnover Intention

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
WIDYATAMA LUKMAN NUR HAKIM ◽  
ADE IRMA ANGGRAENI
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Job Outcomes ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Additional Reference ◽  
The Impact

This research is a human resource analysis study, especially studies on employees of Warung SS Purwokerto. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of Emotional Intelligence on Job Outcomes and its impact to Turnover Intention on Warung SS Purwokerto. The samples in this study were 86 people who had been selected using purposive sampling. This study uses the analysis method of Simple Regression Analysis and Causal Step Method. Hypotheses indicate that emotional intelligence directly affects job satisfaction, organizational commitment and Turnover Intention, then job satisfaction and organizational commitment affects Turnover Intention, next  job satisfaction and organizational commitment affect the effect of emotional intelligence on Turnover Intention. The implications of this study indicate that Turnover Intention affected by emotional intelligence, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. This finding will contribute to future research as an additional reference regarding the development of discussions and studies on human resource management.

A Magic “Bullet”: Exploring Sport Fan Usage of On-Screen, Ephemeral Posts During Live Stream Sessions

2021 ◽  
pp. 216747952110389
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Michael L. Naraine ◽  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Chenyang Li
Keyword(s):  
Magic Bullet ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Sports Fans ◽  
Sport Fans ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Critical Commentary ◽  
Information Interaction ◽  
Sport Fan ◽  
Over The Top ◽  
Practical Implications

The bullet-screen function is an augmented comment feature that has been adopted by the majority of Over-the-Top (OTT) services to foster users’ interaction and watching experience. This feature empowers sports customers to post and view numerous, short, and fast-moving comments that overlap over the screen while watching live stream sports events in real time. This research aims to investigate how sports fans embrace the bullet-screen feature while watching live stream sports. Through a combination of thematic analyzing bullet-screen comments from a National Basketball Association Finals game, and semi-structured interviews among bullet-screen users ( N = 15), the results indicate that sport fans’ bullet-screen messages could be classified into five categories: critical commentary, socialization, supportive interactions, random messages, and trash talk. Four motives for sports fans to engage with bullet-screen posting were identified: entertainment, gathering information, interaction, and finding belonging. The study also showed that the inappropriateness of comments and too much overlay on the screen could prevent sports fans from utilizing the service. Theoretical and practical implications have also been discussed.

Exploring the Relationship Between Sport Fan Identification and Addiction to Digital Sports Media

2019 ◽  
pp. 282-294
Author(s):  
John S. Clark ◽  
Jill K. Maher
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Sport Organizations ◽  
Sports Media ◽  
Fan Identification ◽  
Sport Fans ◽  
Sport Fan ◽  
Digital Sports ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Constant Source ◽  
Source Of Information

Social media has proved to be a constant source of information and entertainment for sport fans. These social media sites allow sport organizations to provide news about the organizations and the athletes that play for them, as well as serving as a means of communication between the organization and fans, or between the fans themselves. Smartphones have enabled this communication to be nearly constant, allowing sport fans to access information around the clock. Anecdotal evidence suggests this on-demand access to information about a fan's favorite team will increase the avidity by which the fan consumes the sport product. In a parallel development, researchers have investigated the detrimental effects devoting too much time to social media has on consumers. This research bridges these lines of inquiry and examines the relationship between social media addiction and highly identified and committed sport fans. Data were collected from college students, and a multiple regression analysis was performed which resulted in no statistically significant relationship between addiction to social media and high levels of sport identification and commitment. The results suggest that for sport organizations, social media is not a one-size-fits-all approach to reaching a segmented (based on identification and commitment) market.

Telematics and Mobile Internet

2021 ◽  
pp. 373-396
Author(s):  
Gurkan Tuna ◽  
Korhan Cengiz
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Internet Applications ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Latency Jitter

Telematics technologies and vehicular communications enable various intelligent transportation system applications with different data flow requirements that must be considered by the communications infrastructure provider in terms of transmission reliability, latency, jitter, and security. To meet those requirements, the dynamic nature of traffic and spatiotemporal features of roads must be considered. In parallel with the full coverage in urban areas and increase in the data rates, mobile networks have been started to be widely used by intelligent transportation system applications, especially for gathering data from various sensors. In this chapter, firstly, the current situation of telematics applications for intelligent transportation system is focused on and then mobile internet and mobile internet based applications are reviewed. Second, how much benefit vehicle telematics and mobile internet applications can obtain from the evolution of mobile networks is analysed. Finally, future research directions in this domain are pointed out.

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