Searching for Sociability in the Stands: A Theory of Sports Spectating

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merrill J. Melnick
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Interpersonal Competition ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Spectator Attendance

It is argued that the social forces of urbanization, individualism, interpersonal competition, technology, and geographical mobility have brought greater and greater numbers of strangers into people's everyday lives and have made the achievement of primary, social ties with relatives, friends, neighbors, and workmates more difficult. As a result, many are forced to satisfy their needs for sociability in less personal, less intimate, less private ways. It is proposed that sports spectating has emerged as a major urban structure where spectators come together not only to be entertained but to enrich their social psychological lives through the sociable, quasi-intimate relationships available. The changing nature of the sociability experience in America presents sport managers with interesting challenges and opportunities. A number of recommendations are offered for maximizing the gemeinschaft possibilities of sports spectating facilities. By giving greater attention to the individual and communal possibilities of their events, sport managers can increase spectator attendance while rendering an important public service.

scholarly journals COPING MECHANISMS ADOPTED BY PEOPLE DURING THE COVID-19 LOCKDOWN IN ZIMBABWE

2020 ◽  
Vol S.I. (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Tsitsi Chirombe ◽  
◽  
Sharon Benza ◽  
Epiphania Munetsi ◽  
Herbert Zirima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
Analysis Design ◽  
The Government

In response to the outbreak of COVID 19 cases in Zimbabwe, the government declared a twenty-one-day lockdown beginning the 30th of March 2020. This study sought to analyse the coping mechanisms that people adopted to survive the lockdown. Specifically, the study explored the social, psychological, religious and physical coping mechanisms adopted by Zimbabweans. A qualitative approach was taken in doing this study, specifically making use of the document analysis design. Data was then collected from a social media platform which is WhatsApp. Forty WhatsApp messages and status updates were analyzed in this research. The lockdown presented challenges and opportunities; some people were struggling to cope yet some saw this as an opportunity to do things that they had no time for. The study revealed that people resorted to WhatsApp groups to connect with workmates, friends, schoolmates and relatives. Most Zimbabweans resorted to indoor games with their family members, exercise, listening to music and gardening. With the restricted movement imposed as a result of lockdown, people had to engage in prayer and other religious activities in their homes. Students found the lockdown as a good opportunity to engage in research and also made use of platforms such as the Google Classroom to continue learning. The study recommends that Zimbabweans should follow government regulations in order to curb the spread of COVID 19 and similar pandemics in the future.

Applying Social Psychological Perspectives to the Sport Psychology Consulting Process

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Brustad ◽  
Michelle Ritter-Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Clinical And Counseling Psychology ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Disordered Eating Patterns ◽  
Applied Sport Psychology

Psychological processes in sport are inextricably linked to the social contexts within which they occur. However, research and practice in applied sport psychology have shown only marginal concern for the social dimensions of participation. As a consequence of stronger ties to clinical and counseling psychology than to social psychology, the prevailing model of intervention in applied sport psychology has been individually centered. Focus at the individual level has been further bolstered by cognitive emphases in modem psychology. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the need for a balanced consideration of social and personal influences. Four social psychological dimensions of interest will be explored, including athletic subculture membership; athletic identity concerns; social networks of influence; and leadership processes. The relevance of these forms of influence will be examined in relation to applied concerns in the areas of athlete academic performance, overtraining and burnout, and disordered eating patterns. At minimum, consultants need to address contextual and relational correlates of psychological and performance issues.

The difference model of disability: A change in direction for vocational rehabilitation practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Jonathon S. Breen ◽  
Susan Forwell
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Rehabilitation ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Difference Model ◽  
Models Of Disability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Employment Goals ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

AbstractVocational rehabilitation provides guidance and support to individuals with disabilities entering the workforce. Employment plans include considerations of goals, the job market, and pre-existing or trainable skills on the part of job seekers. This process also includes an understanding of the social forces that affect employment goals. Current models of disability include the medical, social, and embodiment models. Each is cognitively based and assumes an element of responsibility or blame, that is, respectively, focused on the individual with a disability, the community, or a combination of these two factors. The difference model of disability offers an alternative understanding of disability by providing an affect-based framework that eliminates the premise of blame. This conceptualization of disability provides a new approach to vocational rehabilitation.

"Social Potential" Models for Modeling Traffic and Transportation

2009 ◽  
pp. 155-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rex Oleson ◽  
D. J. Kaup ◽  
Thomas L. Clarke ◽  
Linda C. Malone ◽  
Ladislau Bölöni
Keyword(s):  
Social Forces ◽  
Fish Swimming ◽  
Potential Models ◽  
Pedestrian Movement ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Potential ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Additional Constraints ◽  
Open Fields

The “Social Potential”, which the authors will refer to as the SP, is the name given to a technique of implementing multi-agent movement in simulations by representing behaviors, goals, and motivations as artificial social forces. These forces then determine the movement of the individual agents. Several SP models, including the Flocking, Helbing-Molnar–Farkas-Visek (HMFV), and Lakoba-Kaup-Finkelstein (LKF) models, are commonly used to describe pedestrian movement. A systematic procedure is described here, whereby one can construct and use these and other SP models. The theories behind these models are discussed along with the application of the procedure. Through the use of these techniques, it has been possible to represent schools of fish swimming, flocks of birds flying, crowds exiting rooms, crowds walking through hallways, and individuals wandering in open fields. Once one has an understanding of these models, more complex and specific scenarios could be constructed by applying additional constraints and parameters. The models along with the procedure give a guideline for understanding and implementing simulations using SP techniques.

scholarly journals Dystopian literature and the sociological imagination

Thesis Eleven ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Seeger ◽  
Daniel Davison-Vecchione
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Sociological Imagination ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
Utopian Literature ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Dystopian Literature ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

This article argues that sociologists have much to gain from a fuller engagement with dystopian literature. This is because (i) the speculation in dystopian literature tends to be more grounded in empirical social reality than in the case of utopian literature, and (ii) the literary conventions of the dystopia more readily illustrate the relationship between the inner life of the individual and the greater whole of social-historical reality. These conventional features mean dystopian literature is especially attuned to how historically-conditioned social forces shape the inner life and personal experience of the individual, and how acts of individuals can, in turn, shape the social structures in which they are situated. In other words, dystopian literature is a potent exercise of what C. Wright Mills famously termed ‘the sociological imagination’.

Peer Status in Research on Locus of Control

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-490
Author(s):  
Marcia D. Horne ◽  
Constance J. Seidner ◽  
Stefan J. Harasymiw
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Peer Status ◽  
High Status ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sixth Grade Students ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the mediating effects of peer status on the relationship between Intellectual Achievement Responsibility and the academic performance of 79 sixth grade students in an open-space school. When peer status was specified, a negative association was noted between achievement responsibility and academic ability for students of high status, but a positive one for students of low status. No association between achievement responsibility and ability was observed for students with medium peer status. Operation of internal achievement motivation may be influenced by the social psychological environment of the individual.

Perceptions of the Collective Other

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Abelson ◽  
Nilanjana Dasgupta ◽  
Jaihyun Park ◽  
Mahzarin R. Banaji
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Single Person ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

It is contended that perceptions of groups are affected by particular variables that do not apply to individuals (e.g., intragroup similarity and proximity). Importantly, the perception of outgroup threat has incomplete analogs at the individual level. Results from 3 studies support predictable distinctions between representations of individuals and of groups. Study I showed that priming of the word they produces more extreme negative judgments of the protagonist(s) in a story about 4 individuals acting jointly than in the same story with a single person acting alone. The opposite result holds for priming with the word he. Study 2, with Korean participants, demonstrates that actions by individuals or groups elicit differing preferences for redress. Individual responses (e.g., getting mad) to an individual racial insult (e.g., a snub by a waitress) are preferred to collective responses (e.g., circulating a petition), whereas the reverse preferences holdfor a group insult (e.g., taunts from a gang of White youths). In Study 3, cues to the entitivity of a group are introduced. This concept, introduced by Donald Campbell (1958), distinguishes different degrees of “groupness. ” Visual depictions of collections of unfamiliar humanoid creatures (greebles) were used to convey that they were either similar or dissimilar and either proximate or scattered. Results confirm the expectation that similarity and proximity-two entitive conditions-elicit more negative judgments of the group. Attention to other cues for entitivity may enrich social psychological views of stereotyping and prejudice by focusing on perceptions of groups as coordinated actors with the potential to bring about negative consequences. Such experiments point to the needfor greater research focus on the vastly understudied but fundamental problem of the social cognition of group behavior.

The Social Psychology of Property: Looking Beyond Market Exchange

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 367-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Nadler
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Market Exchange ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Individual

Our social norms and moral values shape our beliefs about the propriety of different types of market exchanges. This review considers social and moral influences on beliefs about property and the consequences of these beliefs for the legal regulation of property. The focus is mainly on empirical evidence from social psychology, with additions from related areas like cognitive psychology, behavioral economics, and other social sciences. After briefly reviewing empirical findings on perceptions of property at the level of the individual person, I examine how social relationships shape perceptions about ownership and exchange of property, as well as the boundaries of the broad category of property. Finally, I explore one important type of socially embedded property—the home—and how social psychological conceptions of property as embedded in social relationships have clashed with the development of the legal doctrine of eminent domain.

scholarly journals Social change design: disrupting the benchmark template

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Louise Fry ◽  
Josephine Previte ◽  
Linda Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Change Framework ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Marketing Actions ◽  
Individual Behaviour Change

Purpose This paper aims to propose a new ecological systems-driven framework, underpinned by a relational marketplace lens, for social marketing practitioners to consider when planning and designing programs. The authors contend that behavioural change does not occur in a vacuum and, as such, point to an ecology in which the individual is but one participant in a broader scope of social change activities. Design/methodology/approach The paper is conceptual and presents the Indicators for Social Change Framework. Findings The Indicators for Social Change Framework puts forward a series of “must-have” indicators to consider when designing and planning social marketing programmes. Across identified indicators, the Framework delineates types of marketing actions to consider when planning for individual-oriented change and those required for wider systems-oriented change. Originality/value This paper contributes to the broadening and deepening of the social marketing argument that reliance on individual behaviour change perspectives is not sufficient to resolve complex social problems that are inherently influenced by wider social forces. In transforming social change design, this paper transitions towards a logic view of social marketing that encourages and supports social change planners to be inclusive of interactions, processes and outcomes of value creation across the wider social marketing system.

Oncology Social Work

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie M. Lauria
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Patient Navigation ◽  
Research Administration ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Supportive Services ◽  
Oncology Social Work ◽  
The Social ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Oncology social work is a specialization of social work in health care. Its practitioners provide supportive services and programs, patient navigation, education, research, administration, policy development, and advocacy to address the social, psychological, practical, and spiritual concerns of cancer patients, their families, and caregivers from pre-diagnosis through treatment, survivorship, and end of life care or bereavement. The coming decades will present many challenges and opportunities for oncology social workers in helping patients, families, and caregivers overcome barriers to quality of life and care.

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