The Effect of Glenohumeral Rotation on Scapular Upward Rotation in Different Positions of Scapular-Plane Elevation

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Sagano ◽  
David Magee ◽  
Masaki Katayose
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Extremity Motion ◽  
Neutral Affect ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Scapular Plane

Context:Glenohumeral and scapular upward rotation are important factors in functional upper extremity motion.Objectives:To determine how different amounts of glenohumeral rotation (internal, external, and neutral) affect scapular upward rotation.Design:Controlled laboratory study. Independent variables were the amounts of internal, external, and neutral glenohumeral rotation. The dependent variable was the amount of scapular upward rotation.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:40 subjects who were right-hand dominant, sedentary, and age 16 to 35 years.Main Outcome Measures:An inclinometer assessed scapular upward rotation with the 3 different positions of glenohumeral rotation in each 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of humeral elevation in the scapular plane.Results:Scapular upward rotation tended to increase with glenohumeral internal and external rotation, compared with neutral rotation in each degree of humeral elevation. This trend was seen on both right and left sides.Conclusions:Scapular upward rotation at different levels of humeral elevation in the scapular plane was affected by the positions of glenohumeral rotation.

Change in Glenohumeral Rotation and Scapular Position After a Division I Collegiate Baseball Season

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen John Thomas ◽  
Charles B. Swanik ◽  
Kathleen Swanik ◽  
John D. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Division I ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Anterior Instability ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Elbow Injury ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Collegiate Baseball

Context:Pathologies such as anterior instability and impingement are common in baseball and have been linked to decreases in internal-rotation (IR) motion and concurrent increases in external-rotation (ER) motion. In addition, alterations to scapular upward rotation have been identified in this population.Objective:To measure glenohumeral (GH) IR and ER rotation, total range of motion (ROM), and scapular upward rotation throughout the course of a Division I collegiate baseball season.Design:Pretest to posttest study.Setting:Controlled laboratory setting.Participants:Thirty-one collegiate baseball players with no current shoulder or elbow injury completed this study.Intervention:Participants were measured for all dependent variables at preseason and postseason.Main Outcome Measures:GH IR and ER were measured supine with the scapula stabilized. Total GH ROM was calculated as the sum of IR and ER measures. Scapular upward rotation was tested at rest, 60°, 90°, and 120° of GH abduction in the scapular plane.Results:Overall, the dominant arm had significantly less GH IR and significantly more ER than the nondominant arm. The total motion on the dominant arm was significantly less than on the nondominant arm. No significant differences were observed from preseason to postseason for IR, ER, or total motion. Dominant-arm scapular upward rotation significantly decreased at 60°, 90°, and 120° of abduction from preseason to postseason.Conclusion:Collegiate baseball players presented with significant GH-motion differences (decreases in IR and increases in ER) in their dominant arm compared with their nondominant arm. There was also significantly less total motion on the dominant arm. After 12 wk of competitive Division I collegiate baseball, there were significant decreases in upward rotation over the season.

Gluteus Medius Activity during 3 Variations of Isometric Single-Leg Stance

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Earl
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Strengthening Exercises ◽  
Single Leg Stance ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Extremity Motion ◽  
Hip Rotation

Context:Gluteus medius (GM) contraction during single-leg stance prevents the contralateral pelvis from “dropping,” providing stability for lower extremity motion.Objective:To determine which combination of hip rotation and abduction exercise results in the greatest activity of the GM and whether the GM responds to increased loads in these exercises.Design and Setting:Repeated measures, laboratory.Subjects:20 healthy volunteers.Interventions:Resistance (2.26 and 4.53 kg) was provided to 3 variations of a single-leg-stance exercise: hip abduction only, abduction-internal rotation (ABD-IR), and abduction-external rotation.Measurements:Muscle activity was recorded from the anterior and middle portions of the GM using surface electromyography.Results:ABD-IR produced the most activity in the anterior and middle sections of the GM muscle. The 4.53-kg load produced significantly more activity than the 2.26-kg load (P< .05).Conclusions:The GM is most active when performing abduction and internal rotation of the hip. This information could be used to develop GM-strengthening exercises.

Three dimensional upper extremity motion during manual wheelchair propulsion in men with different levels of spinal cord injury

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig J Newsam ◽  
Sreesha S Rao ◽  
Sara J Mulroy ◽  
JoAnne K Gronley ◽  
Ernest L Bontrager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wheelchair Propulsion ◽  
Manual Wheelchair ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Extremity Motion ◽  
Different Levels

Effects of Altering Intensity during 1-MHz Ultrasound Treatment on Increasing Triceps Surae Temperature

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip O. Burr ◽  
Timothy J. Demchak ◽  
Mitchell L. Cordova ◽  
Christopher D. Ingersoll ◽  
Marcus B. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
Ultrasound Treatment ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Injury Research ◽  
Optimal Heating

Context:It has been suggested that to obtain optimal physiological effects of heating, musculoskeletal temperature (TEMP) should be elevated 3 °C above baseline and maintained for at least 5 min.Objective:To identify a multi-intensity ultrasound protocol that will achieve optimal heating.Design:1 × 2 between-subjects.Setting:Sports-injury research laboratory.Participants:20 healthy volunteers.Interventions:A 2.5-min treatment at 2.4 W/cm2 immediately followed by a 7.5-min treatment at 1.0 W/cm2 (T1) and a 10-min treatment at 1.5 W/cm2 (T2).Outcome Measures:TEMP change during the first 2.5 min of ultrasound treatment (°C), time the TEMP was ≥3 °C above baseline during and after the treatment.Results:T1 increased TEMP during the first 2.5 min of the ultrasound treatment (3.22 ± 1.25 °C) more than T2 did (1.68 ± 0.72 °C). No difference was found for the remaining measures.Conclusions:The multi-intensity protocol (2.4 W/cm2 and 1.0 W/cm2) did not result in optimal heating.

Change in Glenohumeral Rotation and Scapular Position After Competitive High School Baseball

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Thomas ◽  
Kathleen A. Swanik ◽  
Charles “Buz” Swanik ◽  
Kellie C. Huxel ◽  
John D. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Anterior Instability ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Dependent Variables

Context:Pathologies such as anterior instability and impingement are common in baseball and have been linked to decreases in internal rotation (IR) and concurrent increases in external rotation (ER). In addition, alterations to scapular position have been identified in this population, but the chronology of these adaptations is uncertain.Objectives:To determine whether there is a change in range of motion and scapular position after a single baseball season.Design:Prospective cohort.Setting:High school.Participants:19 high school baseball players (age 16.6 ± 0.8 y, mass 78.6 ± 12.0 kg, height 180.3 ± 6.2 cm).Interventions:Subjects were measured for all dependent variables at preseason and postseason.Main Outcome Measures:Participants were measured for glenohumeral (GH) IR and ER with the scapula stabilized. Total GH range of motion was calculated as the sum of IR and ER. Scapular upward rotation was measured at 0°, 60°, 90°, and 120° of GH abduction in the scapular plane, and scapular protraction, at 0°, hands on hips, and 90° of GH abduction.Results:Overall, the dominant arm had significantly less GH IR (11.4°, P = .005) and significantly more ER (4.7°, P = .001) than the nondominant arm. Total motion in the dominant arm was significantly less than in the nondominant arm (6.7°, P = .001). Scapular upward rotation in the dominant arm significantly increased at 0° (2.4°, P = .002) and significantly decreased at 90° (3.2°, P = .001) and 120° (3.2°, P < .001) of abduction from preseason to postseason. Scapular protraction in the nondominant arm significantly decreased at 45° (0.32 cm, P = .017) and 90° (0.33 cm, P = .006) from preseason to postseason.Conclusion:These data suggest that scapular adaptations may be acquired over a relatively short period (12 wk) in a competitive baseball season. Competitive high school baseball players also presented with significant GH motion differences between their dominant and nondominant arms. Total motion was also significantly less in the dominant arm than in the nondominant arm.

The Reliability of the Lateral Step Test

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabelle King ◽  
Mark Hancock ◽  
Joanne Munn
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Lower Limb Strength

Context:Functional strength measures correlate more closely with functional performance than non-functional strength measures.Objectives:To determine the reliability of the lateral step test as a measure of maximal strength.Design:Intertester repeated measures.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:Twenty four healthy, pain free subjects.Intervention:Two protocols (A and B) were evaluated. The protocols were identical except protocol B involved a three second pause. Participants performed a one repetition maximum (1RM) for each protocol on two occasions separated by one week.Main Outcome Measures:Step height (nearest cm) representingResults:Both protocols demonstrated excellent reliability, protocol A: ICC = 0.94 (95% CI, 0.87 to 0.97), SEM = 1.47 cm. Protocol B: ICC= 0.94 (95%CI, 0.85 to 0.97).Percent close agreement within 2 cm was 83.3% for protocol A and 79.1% for protocol B.Conclusion:Both protocols demonstrated excellent inter-tester reliability as measures of functional lower limb strength.

The Effect of Shoulder Plyometric Training on Amortization Time and Upper-Extremity Kinematics

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Swanik ◽  
Stephen J. Thomas ◽  
Aaron H. Struminger ◽  
Kellie C. Huxel Bliven ◽  
John D. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Before And After

Context:Plyometric training is credited with providing benefits in performance and dynamic restraint. However, limited prospective data exist quantifying kinematic adaptations such as amortization time, glenohumeral rotation, and scapulothoracic position, which may underlie the efficacy of plyometric training for upper-extremity rehabilitation or performance enhancement.Objective:To measure upper-extremity kinematics and plyometric phase times before and after an 8-wk upper-extremity strength- and plyometric-training program.Design:Randomized pretest–posttest design.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:40 recreationally active men (plyometric group, age 20.43 ± 1.40 y, height 180.00 ± 8.80 cm, weight 73.07 ± 7.21 kg; strength group, age 21.95 ± 3.40 y, height 173.98 ± 11.91 cm, weight 74.79 ± 13.55 kg).Intervention:Participants were randomly assigned to either a strength-training group or a strength- and plyometric-training group. Each participant performed the assigned training for 8 wk.Main Outcome Measures:Dynamic and static glenohumeral and scapular-rotation measurements were taken before and after the training programs. Dynamic measurement of scapular rotation and time spent in each plyometric phase (concentric, eccentric, and amortization) during a ball-toss exercise were recorded while the subjects were fitted with an electromagnetic tracking system. Static measures included scapular upward rotation at 3 different glenohumeral-abduction angles, glenohumeral internal rotation, and glenohumeral external rotation.Results:Posttesting showed that both groups significantly decreased the time spent in the amortization, concentric, and eccentric phases of a ball-toss exercise (P < .01). Both groups also exhibited significantly decreased static external rotation and increased dynamic scapular upward rotation after the training period (P < .01). The only difference between the training protocols was that the plyometric-training group exhibited an increase in internal rotation that was not present in the strength-training group (P < .01).Conclusion:These findings support the use of both upper-extremity plyometrics and strength training for reducing commonly identified upper-extremity-injury risk factors and improving upper-extremity performance.

scholarly journals Delayed Rehabilitation Protocol after Rotator Cuff Repair

Osteology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Alessandra Berton ◽  
Sergio De Salvatore ◽  
Vincenzo Candela ◽  
Gabriele Cortina ◽  
Daniela Lo Presti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Rotator Cuff Repair ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Shoulder Function ◽  
Rehabilitation Protocol ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Cuff Repair

Rotator cuff tears are a frequent cause of shoulder pain that often require arthroscopic repair. After surgery an intense and well-studied rehabilitation protocol is needed to obtain the complete recovery of shoulder function. Fifty patients, who sustained arthroscopic rotator cuff repair for symptomatic, atraumatic and full-thickness supraspinatus tendon tear, were involved. According to our rehabilitation protocol, during the first four postoperative weeks, the arm was supported with an abduction sling pillow, and pendulum exercises, table slide and active elbow extension and flexion were conceded. Outcome measures (Oxford shoulder score (OSS), simple shoulder test (SST), patient-reported satisfaction), shoulder function (range of motion (ROM) and muscle strength), and MRI examination were evaluated. The mean OSS score and SST score increased from 16 to 30.2 and from 5.3 to 11.4, respectively. Patient-reported satisfaction was 96%. At 12 months, patients improved ROM and muscle strength. Postoperative passive anterior elevation was 176; external rotation averaged 47; internal rotation was 90. Postoperative muscle strength during anterior elevation was 8.3 ± 2.2 kg, internal rotation 6.8 ± 3 kg, external rotation 5.5 ± 2.3 kg. Five out of seven patients with recurrent tears evaluated their results as satisfactory. They reported improvements in terms of OSS and SST mean scores despite recurrent tears; therefore, they did not undergo revision surgery. The delayed postoperative physical therapy protocol was associated with improvements in the outcome measures and shoulder function compared to the preoperatory state and rotator cuff healing demonstrated by MRI.

scholarly journals Myofascial Massage for Chronic Pain and Decreased Upper Extremity Mobility After Breast Cancer Surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne Massingill, LMT, MLD, CST, KT, NMT ◽  
Cara Jorgensen, LMT ◽  
Jacqueline Dolata, MBA ◽  
Ashwini R. Sehgal, MD
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Cancer Surgery ◽  
Breast Cancer Surgery ◽  
Mobility Limitations ◽  
And Control

Background: Chronic localized pain and decreased upper extremity mobility commonly occur following breast cancer surgery and may persist despite use of pain medication and physical therapy.Purpose: We sought to determine the value of myofascial massage to address these pain and mobility limitations.Setting: The study took place at a clinical massage spa in the U.S. Midwest. The research was overseen by MetroHealth Medical Center’s Institutional Review Board and Case Center for Reducing Health Disparities research staff.Participants: 21 women with persistent pain and mobility limitations 3–18 months following breast surgery.Research Design: We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial where intervention patients received myofascial massages and control patients received relaxation massages.Intervention: Intervention participants received 16 myofascial massage sessions over eight weeks that focused on the affected breast, chest, and shoulder areas. Control participants received 16 relaxation massage sessions over eight weeks that avoided the affected breast, chest, and shoulder areas. Participants completed a validated questionnaire at the beginning and end of the study that asked about pain, mobility, and quality of life.Main Outcome Measures: Outcome measures include change in self-reported pain, self-reported mobility, and three quality-of-life questions.Results: At baseline, intervention and control participants were similar in demographic and medical characteristics, pain and mobility ratings, and quality of life. Compared to control participants, intervention participants had more favorable changes in pain (-10.7 vs. +0.4, p < .001), mobility (-14.5 vs. -0.8, p < .001), and general health (+29.5 vs. -2.5, p = .002) after eight weeks. All intervention and control participants reported that receiving massage treatments was a positive experience.Conclusions: Myofascial massage is a promising treatment to address chronic pain and mobility limitations following breast cancer surgery. Further work in several areas is needed to confirm and expand on our study findings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document