Influence of Body Composition on Functional Movement Screen™ Scores in College Football Players

Context: The functional movement screen (FMS™) is used to identify movement asymmetries and deficiencies. While obesity has been reported to impede movement, the correlation between body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%), and FMS™ in athletes is unknown. Objective: To determine if there is a relationship between BMI, BF%, and FMS™ scores in a sample of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football athletes. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Biodynamics laboratory. Participants: A total of 38 male freshman football players (18.0 [0.7] y, 185.3 [5.5] cm, and 103.9 [20.3] kg). Interventions: Height, weight, and BF% were collected, and subjects underwent the FMS™ conducted by a certified athletic trainer. Main Outcome Measures: The dependent variables were BMI, BF%, composite FMS™ score, and 7 individual FMS™ test scores. Subjects were grouped as normal BMI (BMI < 30 kg/m2) or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). A composite FMS™ score of ≤14 and an individual FMS™ score of ≤1 were classified as cutoffs for poor movement performance. Results: A negative correlation between composite FMS™ score and BMI approached significance (P = .07, ρ = .296). A negative correlation between composite FMS™ score and BF% was significant (P = .01, ρ = −.449). There was a significant difference in the number of obese subjects scoring below the composite FMS™ cutoff (χ2 = 5.179, P = .02) and the individual FMS™ cutoff on the deep squat (χ2 = 6.341, P = .01), hurdle step (χ2 = 9.870, P = .002), and in-line lunge (χ2 = 5.584, P = .02) when compared with normal BMI subjects. Conclusions: Increased BF% and BMI relate to lower composite FMS™ and individual FMS™ test scores, indicating potentially poor movement patterns in larger National Collegiate Athletic Association football athletes. Future research should focus on examining lower extremity–specific FMS™ tasks individually from composite FMS™ scores.

Download Full-text

Functional movement screen and Y-Balance test scores across levels of American football players

Biology of Sport ◽

10.5114/biolsport.2018.77825 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 253-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Peter Lisman ◽

Mary Nadelen ◽

Emily Hildebrand ◽

Kyle Leppert ◽

Sarah de la Motte

Keyword(s):

Test Scores ◽

American Football ◽

Football Players ◽

Functional Movement Screen ◽

Balance Test ◽

Functional Movement

Download Full-text

The effect of functional movement screen and lower extremity training on hamstring/quadriceps ratio in football players

Physical Education of Students ◽

10.15561/20755279.2020.0202 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 80-85

Author(s):

Akan Bayrakdar ◽

Boz Hilal Kılınç

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Sports Injury ◽

Left Knee ◽

Study Data ◽

Football Players ◽

Functional Movement Screen ◽

Functional Movement ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

The Right

Background and Study Aim. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of functional movement screen and lower extremity training on hamstring/quadriceps (H/Q) ratio in football players. Material and Methods. 11 players from Sivas Belediyespor, affiliated to the Turkish Football Federation, participated in this study. The average age of the players involved in the study was 25.75±4.45, height averages 178.49±8.72 cm, and body weight averages 69.83±6.47 kg. Players who participated in the study had previously suffered a knee area injury. In addition to team training for 8 weeks, extra exercises to strengthen their hamstring and quadriceps muscles were conducted 3 times a week. Isokinetic force tests and Functional Movement Screen (FMS) tests were conducted in the study. Data obtained were evaluated in SPSS package 24 program. Results: There was a significant difference in the total score of FMS at the level of p<0.05. Deep squat 13.5%, hurdle step 10.49%, in line lunge 9%, shoulder mobility 3.44%, active straight 6.84%, trunk stability push up 6.84%, rotatuar stability 14.73% and FMS total score 17.24% showed improvement. There was a significant difference in the H/Q ratio between both the right knee and left knee pre-test and post-test at p<0.01 level. The right knee developed at a rate of 600 H/Q at a rate of 17.24% and the left knee developed at a rate of 600 H/Q. Conclusions: As a result, 8 weeks of extra lower extremity exercises can be said to increase the H/Q ratio of football players. It is also seen that the FMS score has increased. Thus, it is thought that the risk of football players having a sports injury again is reduced.

Download Full-text

Effect of an Eight-week Core Stability Training Program on the Functional Movement Screen Test Scores in Elite Goalball Players

Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy ◽

10.32598/ptj.11.1.455.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 55-62

Author(s):

Azadeh Mahrokh Moghadam ◽

◽

Mostafa Zarei ◽

Fariba Mohammadi ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Test Scores ◽

Screen Test ◽

Core Stability ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Control Group ◽

Functional Movement Screen ◽

Functional Movement ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Stability Training ◽

And Control

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of core stability training on the functional movement screen (FMS) test scores in elite goalball players. Methods: The study sample included 26 elite goalball players. The players were randomized into the two groups of experimental (n=13) and control (n=13). Besides, FMS was used to evaluate the study variables in both groups, before and after the eight weeks of training. After the pretest, the experimental group performed the core stability training using a Swiss ball, three days a week for eight weeks; the control group did the usual training. Then, the analysis of covariance at the significant level of 0.05 was used to analyze the obtained data. Results: The results showed a significant difference in the adjusted mean scores of the FMS test between the experimental and control groups (P=0.021). Conclusion: The positive effect of core stability training on the FMS test scores of the motor function in goalball players emphasizes the effectiveness of this training in core stability muscles. Therefore, it is suggested to use core stability training combined with exercises as an effective way to improve movement patterns and prevent injury in goalball players.

Download Full-text

The Level of the Functional Movement Screen Among Traditional Dancers

Asian Social Science ◽

10.5539/ass.v17n11p103 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (11) ◽

pp. 103

Author(s):

Segar A/L A. Maniveloo ◽

Borhannudin Abdullah ◽

Shamsulariffin Samsudin

Keyword(s):

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Rotational Stability ◽

Functional Movement Screen ◽

Stability Tests ◽

Functional Movement ◽

Risk Of Injury ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

The Difference ◽

Deep Squat

Movement assessments are commonly used to assess athlete’s risk of injury as well as basic and specific skill movement patterns; however, dance is identified to be differing from sports because the average dancer’s training load is higher than the athletes. This study aims to identify the difference in the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) level among traditional dancers in Malaysia. A quasi-experimental study design was adopted, which involved 66 dancers (M = 33; F = 33). The study comprised traditional dancers from three ethnic backgrounds, namely, Malay, Chinese and Indian. The descriptive analysis described the level of the dancers’ FMS, as follows: Malay (M = 16.18, SD = 2.062), Chinese (M = 18.50, SD = 1.102), Indian (M = 18.23, SD = 1.445). The ANOVA analysis found a significant difference in the FMS scores among all three groups of dancers, F (2,63) = 14.026, p >.000. The deep squat, hurdle step, shoulder mobility, active straight leg raise and trunk stability tests for push-up indicated a significant difference, whereas the inline lunges test and rotational stability tests showed no significance difference. However, the Post Hoc analysis showed no significant difference between the Chinese and Indian dancers. It can be concluded that there is a difference in FMS scores between Malay, Chinese and Indian dancers. FMS may be a useful tool to help identify dancers about the risk of injury and improve their movement quality.

Download Full-text

Assessment of Dysfunctional Movements and Asymmetries in Children and Adolescents Using the Functional Movement Screen—A Narrative Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182312501 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (23) ◽

pp. 12501

Author(s):

Pat R. Vehrs ◽

Martina Uvacsek ◽

Aaron W. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Movement Patterns ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Future Research ◽

Physical Educators ◽

Functional Movement Screen ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Obese Children ◽

Functional Movement ◽

Test Items ◽

The Individual

The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a screening tool that identifies dysfunctional movements in seven test items requiring an interplay of cognitive, perceptual, proprioceptive, and motor functions that involve muscular strength/endurance, flexibility, mobility, coordination, and balance. The results of the FMS include an overall composite score, scores on the individual test items, and identification of compensatory movement patterns and left-right asymmetries on 5 bilateral test items. Although there is a plethora of literature on the use of the FMS in adults, there is a growing body of evidence indicating its use in children. The available research in children involves school children and young athletes in at least 20 different sports in over 20 countries and comparisons between pre- and post-pubescent children, and normal weight, overweight, and obese children. Studies that include measures of adiposity and physical activity levels, or report prevalence of asymmetries and dysfunctional movement patterns are not well represented in the children’s literature. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the currently available literature in children and suggest potential uses of the FMS by coaches, physical educators, and other health/fitness professionals, appropriate interpretation of results, and future research in children.

Download Full-text

P1694PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF BODY COMPOSITION ON GRAFT FUNCTIONING IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANT PATIENTS

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p1694 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

Zorica Dimitrijevic ◽

Branka Mitic ◽

Goran Paunovic ◽

Karolina Paunovic ◽

Danijela Tasic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kidney Transplant ◽

Kidney Transplant Recipient ◽

Graft Function ◽

Skinfold Thickness ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Transplant Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Kidney Transplant Patients

Abstract Background and Aims Post-transplant weight gain and particularly visceral fat gain has been linked to the development of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, the effect of obesity on graft function after kidney transplantation has recently become a subject of interest. The aim of our study was to investigate the association of body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) with the kidney function in kidney transplant patients. Method We conducted a cross-sectional study that enrolled 80 kidney transplant patients aged 23–75 years (mean age 46.7 ± 11.5 years, 60% males). Anthropometric measurements of weight, height, waist, and hip circumferences in addition to skinfold thickness were obtained. BH% was calculated using a 4-site skinfold thickness method calculated through the Jackson-Pollock equation with a Harpenden caliper, utilizing a BF% cutoff of 35% for women and 25% for men to define obesity. Results The calculated BMI in our study group was 32.7±8.7 kg/m2, a mean BF% of 29.9±8.5% and a mean WHR of 0.9±0.1 Statistically significant difference in GFR, BMI, WHR and BF% were observed between males and females (r=0.455, p=0.02; r=0.412, p=0.016; r=0.437, p=0.022; r=0.348, p=0.011), respectively. After adjustment for age, gender, donor group, donor age and years of dialysis before transplantation, higher levels of all obesity measures were related to lower eGFR: BMI per 1 SD (β coefficient −3.883, 95% confidence interval [CI] −5,422 to −3,132), WHR (β coefficient −4.443, 95% CI −6.201 to −3.772), and BF% (β coefficient −3.722, 95% CI −4.332 to −3.461). The combination of higher BF% (BF% >33 kg/m2) and central obesity (WHR >0.85 for women, >0.90 for men) was associated with the lowest eGFR compared with that in lean subjects. Conclusion The combination of high BF% and WHR may be an important risk factor for lower GFR in a kidney transplant recipient.

Download Full-text

COMPARISON OF EPOC AND RECOVERY ENERGY EXPENDITURE BETWEEN HIIT AND CONTINUOUS AEROBIC EXERCISE TRAINING

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte ◽

10.1590/1517-869220192501181346 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 20-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mateus Ahlert ◽

Fernando Matzenbacher ◽

José Carlos dos Santos Albarello ◽

Gustavo Henrique Halmenschlager

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Intensity Interval

ABSTRACT Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare EPOC - excess post-exercise oxygen consumption and recovery energy expenditure between high intensity interval aerobic exercise (HIIT) and continuous aerobic exercise in adult amateur runners. Methods: The study included 10 runners, with a mean age of 35.7 ± 5.87 years, height 1.69 ± 0.11 m; body mass 74.13 ± 11.26 kg; fat percentage 19.31 ± 4.27% and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) of 3.50 ± 0.64 l/kg/min-1. The continuous aerobic exercise protocol consisted of 20 minutes of running with intensity of 70-75% HRmax. Two 20-second cycles of 8 sprints were performed for HIIT at the highest possible speed, with 10 seconds of rest and a 3-minute interval between cycles. The sample group performed the two protocols at least 48 hours and at most one week apart. EPOC was observed using ergospirometry after the running protocols, and mean consumption was analyzed between 25-30 minutes after exercise. Oxygen consumption at 9-10 minutes was used for resting consumption. The study has a cross-sectional experimental design. Results: Oxygen consumption of 0.57 ± 0.29l/kg/min1 and energy expenditure of 2.84 ± 1.44 kcal/min were observed for continuous aerobic exercise, with values of 0.61 ± 0.62 l/kg/min−1 and 3.06 ± 1.10 kcal/min respectively (p <0.05) for HIIT. Conclusion: The protocols performed did not show a statistically significant difference in terms of EPOC and energy expenditure, but the performance of HIIT increased lipid metabolism for exercise recovery, which may favor the weight loss process. Moreover, this activity model takes up less time. Level of evidence I, randomized clinical trial.

Download Full-text

Accuracy of Functional Movement Screen Deep Squat Scoring and the Influence of Optimized Scoring Criteria: A 3-Dimensional Kinematic Approach

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.2019-0041 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 55-61

Author(s):

Eric P. Scibek ◽

Matthew F. Moran ◽

Susan L. Edmond

Keyword(s):

Physical Therapist ◽

Body Movement ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Athletic Trainer ◽

Functional Movement Screen ◽

Exercise Science ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Functional Movement ◽

Deep Squat ◽

Science Professional

Context: The deep squat (DS) test is a component of the functional movement screen, which is used to assess the quality of fundamental movement patterns; however, the accuracy of the DS has not been studied. The DS is a complex, total body movement pattern with evaluation required at several points along the kinematic chain. Objective: To assess the accuracy of DS scoring by an athletic trainer, physical therapist, and exercise science professional via a comparative analysis with kinematic data (KD) and to identify scoring criteria that would improve agreement between raters and KD scores. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Motion analysis laboratory. Participants: A rater from each of 3 movement science disciplines rated the DS of 23 male college athletes (20.3 [1.2] y; 70.5 [3.5] kg). Interventions: Subjects were outfitted with reflective markers and asked to perform the DS. The DS performance was scored by 3 raters and kinematic analysis. Subsequently, the optimal set of criteria that minimized the difference between mode rater score and KD was determined via a Nelder–Mead simplex optimization routine. Main Outcome Measures: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated using SPSS (version 23; IBM, Armonk, NY) to determine tester agreement with the KD score and between the mode score and KD score. Results: Agreement was poor for the athletic trainer (ICC = .387), physical therapist (ICC = .298), exercise science professional (ICC = .378), and raters’ DS scores when compared with the KD. Agreement was poor for the mode score when compared with KD prior to optimization and good following optimization (ICC = .830), thereby allowing identification of specific scoring errors. Conclusions: Agreement for DS scores is poor when compared with KD; however, it may be improved with optimization of DS scoring criteria.

Download Full-text