The Effect of Long-Term Resistance Training on Anthropometric Measures, Muscle Strength, and Self Concept in Pre-Pubertal Boys

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliahu Sadres ◽  
Alon Eliakim ◽  
Naama Constantini ◽  
Ronnie Lidor ◽  
Bareket Falk
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Prepubertal Boys

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 2 school years (21 months) of a twice-weekly resistance training program on stature, muscle strength, and self-concept among prepubertal boys. The experimental group (E, n = 27) aged 9.2 ± 0.3 yrs, participated in progressive resistance training, while the control group (C, n = 22) aged 9.4 ± 0.3 yrs, participated in standard physical education classes (as advised by the Ministry of Education). Training sessions included 1–4 sets of 3–6 exercises, with 5–30 repetitions/set. The load ranged between 30% and 70% 1RM. No differences were observed in the gain in body height between groups. Muscle strength increased significantly more in E (e.g., knee extensors: 0.51 ± 0.13 to 0.77 ± 0.16 kg/kg body mass), compared with C (0.34 ± 0.12 to 0.54 ± 0.11 kg/kg body mass). One minor injury was reported throughout the study. Initial scores of self-concept were high in both groups, with no training effect. The results demonstrate that among prepubertal boys, a twice-weekly low-to-moderate-intensity resistance training program over a period of 2 school years (21 months) can result in enhancement in muscle strength with no detrimental effect on growth.

scholarly journals Home-Based Resistance Training for Older Subjects during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy: Preliminary Results of a Six-Months RCT

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9533
Author(s):  
Jacopo Antonino Vitale ◽  
Matteo Bonato ◽  
Stefano Borghi ◽  
Carmelo Messina ◽  
Domenico Albano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Training Program ◽  
T Test ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Older Subjects

Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a six-month home-based resistance-training program on muscle health and physical performance in healthy older subjects during the unique condition of home confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. This was a randomized-controlled study that enrolled older participants that were allocated to either an experimental group performing the six-months exercise prescription (EXE) or a control group (CON). At the beginning (PRE), and after 6 months (POST), participants were assessed for muscle strength, balance, gait assessment and body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging. Normality distribution of data was checked with the D’Agostino and Pearson test and changes between PRE and POST were assessed by paired Student’s t-test while percentage and absolute changes between groups at POST were tested by unpaired t-test. Results. Nine participants were included for the final analysis: EXE, n = 5 (age: 66 ± 4; BMI: 27.5 ± 3.7) and CON, n = 4 (age: 71 ± 9; BMI: 24.2 ± 4.1). Significant PRE-to-POST changes were observed in the EXE group only in the chair-stand test (+19.8%, p = 0.048 and ES:1.0, moderate) and in total fat mass (+5.0%, p = 0.035 and ES:1.4, large) with no between-group differences. Moreover, EXE had significantly higher absolute thigh CSA values than CON at POST (14.138 ± 2977 vs. 9039 ± 1015, p = 0.0178, ES = 1.7). No other within- and between-group differences were detected. Conclusions. The home-based resistance-training program during the lockdown period, caused by the COVID-19 outbreak, determined only within-group improvement in lower limb muscle strength but not in muscle mass and composition in older subjects. Home confinement may partially explain the increase in total body fat due to a reduced daily PA regime and altered diet pattern.

Effects of a 6-Week Resistance-Training Program on Functional Fitness of Older Adults

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius Cavani ◽  
Constance M. Mier ◽  
Anthony A. Musto ◽  
Nanette Tummers
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Functional Fitness ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Before And After

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 6 weeks of stretching and moderate-intensity resistance training on older adults’ functional fitness. Twenty-two older adults (69 ± 1 year) participated in a resistance-training program, and 15 (70 ± 4 years) participated in a control group. Training involved 3 sessions per week, each consisting of 1 set of 12–15 repetitions of lower and upper body exercises on resistance machines. Before sessions, participants performed 20 min of stretching exercises. A recently developed test battery (Rikli & Jones, 1999) to assess the physical parameters associated with independent functioning in older adults was performed before and after training. The combined stretching and resistance exercise resulted in significant (p≤ .008) improvements on all the functional tests except the 6-min walk. The results indicate that moderate-intensity resistance training in conjunction with stretching can improve functional fitness in older adults, enabling them to more easily perform activities of daily living.

The effect of a resistance-training program on muscle strength, physical workload, muscle fatigue and musculoskeletal discomfort: An experiment

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heleen H. Hamberg-van Reenen ◽  
Bart Visser ◽  
Allard J. van der Beek ◽  
Birgitte M. Blatter ◽  
Jaap H. van Dieën ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Physical Workload ◽  
Musculoskeletal Discomfort ◽  
Resistance Training Program

scholarly journals Personalized Moderate-Intensity Exercise Training Combined with High-Intensity Interval Training Enhances Training Responsiveness

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryant R. Byrd ◽  
Jamie Keith ◽  
Shawn M. Keeling ◽  
Ryan M. Weatherwax ◽  
Paul B. Nolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Z Score ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
High Intensity Interval

This study sought to determine if personalized moderate-intensity continuous exercise training (MICT) combined with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) was more effective at improving comprehensive training responsiveness than MICT alone. Apparently healthy, but physically inactive men and women (n = 54) were randomized to a non-exercise control group or one of two 13-week exercise training groups: (1) a personalized MICT + HIIT aerobic and resistance training program based on the American Council on Exercise guidelines, or (2) a standardized MICT aerobic and resistance training program designed according to current American College of Sports Medicine guidelines. Mean changes in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and Metabolic (MetS) z-score in the personalized MICT + HIIT group were more favorable (p < 0.05) when compared to both the standardized MICT and control groups. Additionally, on the individual level, there were positive improvements in VO2max (Δ > 4.9%) and MetS z-score (Δ ≤ −0.48) in 100% (16/16) of participants in the personalized MICT + HIIT group. In the present study, a personalized exercise prescription combining MICT + HIIT in conjunction with resistance training elicited greater improvements in VO2max, MetS z-score reductions, and diminished inter-individual variation in VO2max and cardiometabolic training responses when compared to standardized MICT.

Impact of protein supplementation on lean muscle mass in adult survivors of childhood cancer engaged in resistance training.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10027-10027
Author(s):  
Matthew R Krull ◽  
Carrie R. Howell ◽  
Robyn Partin, MS ◽  
Ginger Carney ◽  
Daniel A. Mulrooney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Lean Muscle Mass ◽  
Survivors Of Childhood Cancer

10027 Background: Muscle weakness, low lean muscle mass and poor physical performance are prevalent among adult survivors of childhood cancer. We evaluated the effects of resistance training with and without protein supplementation on lean muscle mass, and muscle strength among childhood cancer survivors. Methods: This double-blind placebo-controlled trial enrolled survivors aged ≥18 to < 45 years. Participants were randomized to resistance training with daily protein supplement (21g protein/day, 90kcal) (RT+S) or resistance training with placebo (sucrose, 90kcal) (RT+P). Both groups received educational materials, access to a local fitness center and a tailored resistance training program with tapered supervision. Lean muscle mass and muscle strength were assessed at baseline and 24 weeks, using dual x-ray absorptiometry and dynamometer testing respectively. Mean changes were compared within and between groups. Results: Of 93 participants randomized, 57 completed the 24-week intervention (24 in RT+S, 33 in RT+P). The mean age was 33.1 (SD 7.0), 67% were white and 47% female. The RT+S group had a significant increase in lean body mass (1.05 kg [SD 2.34], p = 0.04), while the RT+P group did not (0.13 kg [SD 2.19], p = 0.74). Mean change in handgrip strength also improved in the RT+S group (1.98 [SD 4.30], p = 0.03); change approached significance in the RT+P group (1.49 [SD 4.60], p = 0.07). All survivors significantly improved their strength over time (Table) as measured by one max repetition test at baseline and follow-up. Conclusions: Preliminary findings indicate that a supervised resistance training program among adult survivors of childhood cancer that includes protein supplementation is feasible and may increase total lean body mass and muscle strength. Clinical trial information: NCT02501460. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Effects of long-term resistance training and simultaneous electro-stimulation on muscle strength and functional mobility in multiple sclerosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Broekmans ◽  
Machteld Roelants ◽  
Peter Feys ◽  
Geert Alders ◽  
Domien Gijbels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Control Group

Background: Resistance training studies in multiple sclerosis (MS) often use short intervention periods. Furthermore, training efficiency could be optimized by unilateral training and/or electrical stimulation. Objective: To examine the effect(s) of unilateral long-term (20 weeks) standardized resistance training with and without simultaneous electro-stimulation on leg muscle strength and overall functional mobility. Methods: A randomized controlled trial involving 36 persons with MS. At baseline (PRE) and after 10 (MID) and 20 (POST) weeks of standardized (ACSM) light to moderately intense unilateral leg resistance training (RESO, n = 11) only or resistance training with simultaneous electro-stimulation (RESE, n = 11, 100 Hz, biphasic symmetrical wave, 400 µs), maximal isometric strength of the knee extensors and flexors (45°, 90° knee angle) and dynamic (60–180°/s) knee-extensor strength was measured and compared with a control group (CON, n = 14). Functional mobility was evaluated using the Timed Get Up and Go, Timed 25 Foot Walk, Two-Minute Walk Test, Functional Reach and Rivermead Mobility Index. Results: Maximal isometric knee extensor (90°, MID: +10 ± 3%, POST: +10 ± 4%) in RESO and knee flexor (45°, POST: +7 ± 4%; 90°, POST: +9 ± 5%) in RESE strength increased ( p < 0.05) compared with CON but RESO and RESE did not differ. Also, impaired legs responded positively to resistance training (unilateral leg strength analysis) and functional reaching increased significantly in RESO (+18%) compared with CON. Dynamic muscle strength and the remaining functional mobility tests did not change. Conclusion: Long-term light to moderately intense resistance training improves muscle strength in persons with MS but simultaneous electro-stimulation does not further improve training outcome.

scholarly journals Bilateral back squat strength is increased during a 3-week undulating resistance training program with and without variable resistance in DIII collegiate football players

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12189
Author(s):  
Jason Sawyer ◽  
Paul Higgins ◽  
Paul A. Cacolice ◽  
Troy Doming
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Variable Resistance ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Loading Methods ◽  
Collegiate Football

Background Optimizing training adaptations is of the utmost importance for the strength and conditioning professional. The pre-season of any sport is particularly important to ensure preparedness of the athletes. In DIII Collegiate Football pre-season consists of approximately 3 weeks. The abbreviated time of the pre-season increases the importance of optimizing training using safe methods, including alternative loading strategies. The purpose of the current study was to determine if a 3-week variable resistance training VRT during an undulating (UL) resistance training program elicited a greater increase in back squat strength compared to traditional loading methods. Methods and Materials Forty DIII Football players (age range: 18–25 years) participated in a 3-week UL bilateral back squat (BBS) program. Both groups performed the BBS 3 times per week with a minimum of 24 hours between exercise sessions. The control group (C) (n = 20) (height = 182.3 + 5.1 cm, body mass: pre = 102.8 ± 17.7 kg, post = 104.1 ± 17.8 kg) used traditional loading methods (i.e., Olympic weights only) and the experimental group (E) (n = 20) (height = 180.7 ± 8.0 cm, body mass: pre = 100.3 ± 27.1 kg, post = 101.0 ± 27.7 kg) used traditional loading methods and variable resistance (i.e., resistance bands). The variable resistance accounted for approximately 20% of the total resistance while 80% of the resistance was supplied by traditional loading methods. Results When all data was pooled, subjects had a significant increase (p < 0.05) in 1-RM BBS from pre (154.2 + 26.1 kg) to post (166.8 + 26.2 kg), with a percent increase of 8.13% at the completion of the 3-week training program. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the C and E groups for muscular strength, muscular power, or vertical jump. Volume-loads were not significantly (p > 0.05) different between groups for any of the weeks (C: Week 1 = 858.1 + 101.3, Week 2 = 588.6 + 69.2, Week 3 = 332.5 + 38.9, Total = 1179.2 + 209.4 vs. E: Week 1 = 835.2 + 179.7, Week 2 = 572.2 + 123.4, Week 3 = 323.5 + 68.8, Total = 1730.9 + 371.8) or for the pre-season as a whole. Conclusion A traditional UL resistance training program and training program with variable resistance are both effective methods at increasing back squat strength during 3 weeks of training. Resistance band variable resistance (VR) does not enhance training effects within a 3-week mesocycle greater than traditional resistance.

scholarly journals The effects of a 12-week resistance training program on muscle strength of elderly women

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ericka Sant’Ana Federici Trancoso ◽  
Paulo de Tarso Veras Farinatti
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Leg Press

O treinamento da força (TF) tem se revelado eficaz em idosos frágeis. Contudo, dúvidas persistem sobre a resposta ao treinamento em idosos com nível de independência funcional elevado. O objetivo do estudo foi observar os efeitos de 12 semanas de TF sobre a força muscular em mulheres idosas funcionalmente autônomas, mas sem experiência prévia com este tipo de treinamento. Trinta e cinco mulheres com 62 a 77 anos de idade passaram por anamnese e teste de esforço com ECG. Uma voluntária foi excluída por utilizar marcapasso, outras duas exibiram sinais de isquemia, seis não compareceram ao teste de esforço e sete abandonaram o TF por razões .diversas. A casuística contou com 19 indivíduos (idade = 69 ± 5 anos). Foram realizadas, duas vezes por semana durante 12 semanas, duas séries de 10 repetições máximas (RM) em exercícios para membros inferiores (“leg-press”) e superiores (supino reto). As médias semanais do volume de treinamento foram comparadas através de ANOVA para medidas repetidas (p < 0,05). Os resultados indicaram tendência à melhoria da força durante o período observado, nos dois exercícios, da ordem de 58% para o “leg-press” e 61% para o supino. O ganho de força evoluiu rapidamente nas primeiras quatro semanas, tendendo a estabilizar-se nas semanas finais. Conclui-se que o TF pode apresentar resultados positivos em idosas com bom nível de independência funcional. A possibilidade destes ganhos ocorrerem em treinamentos de prazo mais longo, todavia, revela-se duvidosa

scholarly journals Effects of 7-Week Hip Thrust Versus Back Squat Resistance Training on Performance in Adolescent Female Soccer Players

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime González-García ◽  
Esther Morencos ◽  
Carlos Balsalobre-Fernández ◽  
Ángel Cuéllar-Rayo ◽  
Blanca Romero-Moraleda
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
T Test ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adolescent Female ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Hip Extension

Hip thrust (HT) is a loaded bridging exercise that requires more hip extension than a back squat (SQ) does, while in a back squat, triple flex extension occurs. Due to the specificity of each exercise, it is claimed that HT gains can be better transferred to actions where hip extension occurs. In addition, strength improvements during squatting can be transferred in a greater way to vertical plane movement, such as vertical jumping. However, its effects on the performance of female soccer players are unclear. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to analyze a 7-week training program on performance variables using either HT or SQ exercises in female adolescent soccer players without lifting experience (N = 24, age = 16.82 ± 1.56 years, height = 1.64 ± 0.55 cm, body mass = 58.35 ± 6.28 kg). Players were randomized into three groups: A back squat group (SQG; N = 8), hip thrust group (HTG; N = 8), and control group (CG; N = 8). Participants in the HTG and SQG joined a progressive resistance training program twice per week for 7 weeks with either HT or SQ exercises. A countermovement jump, 10–20 m sprint, T-test, and barbell velocity during HTs and SQs (with the load that represents ~60 and ~80% RM) were measured before and after the intervention. The HTG showed greater improvements in the 10-m sprint (d = 0.7), 20-m sprint (d = 0.46), T-test (d = 0.36), and barbell velocity at 80% repetition maximal (RM) (d = 0.53) and 60% RM (d = 1.02) during hip thrusts, while the SQG showed higher barbell velocity at 80% RM (d = −0.7) during back squats. These results may be useful for strength and conditioning coaches working with adolescent female soccer athletes, since both strengthening exercises improved performance in different ways due to the nature of the exercise.

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