scholarly journals Electromyography Assessments of the Vastus Medialis Muscle during Soccer Instep Kicking between Dynamic and Static Stretching

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadtaghi Amiri-Khorasani ◽  
Noor Osman ◽  
Ashril Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Vastus Medialis ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ball Velocity ◽  
Vastus Medialis Muscle

Electromyography Assessments of the Vastus Medialis Muscle during Soccer Instep Kicking between Dynamic and Static StretchingThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of static and dynamic stretching within a pre-exercise warm-up on vastus medialis muscle activity during instep kicking and ball velocity in soccer players. The kicking motions of dominant legs were captured from using six synchronized high-speed infra-red cameras at 200 Hz and Electromyography at 100 Hz. There was significant difference in vastus medialis activity after dynamic stretching relative to no stretching condition (0.12 ± 0.06 mV) versus static stretching relative to no stretching condition (-0.21 ± 0.10 mV) with p < 0.001). In addition, there was also a significant difference in ball velocity after dynamic stretching relative to no stretching condition (4.53 ± 2.10 m/s) versus static stretching relative to no stretching condition (-1.48 ± 2.43 m/s) with p < 0.003. We concluded that dynamic stretching during the warm-up, as compared to static stretching, is probably more effective as preparation for optimal muscle activity and finally have high ball velocity which is required in soccer.

Static and Dynamic Acute Stretching Effect on Gymnasts’ Speed in Vaulting

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theophanis Siatras ◽  
Georgios Papadopoulos ◽  
Dimitra Mameletzi ◽  
Vasilios Gerodimos ◽  
Spiros Kellis
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Stretching Effect ◽  
Stretching Exercises

Although warm-up and stretching exercises are routinely performed by gymnasts, it is suggested that stretching immediately prior to an activity might affect negatively the athletic performance. The focus of this investigation was on the acute effect of a protocol, including warm-up and static and dynamic stretching exercises, on speed during vaulting in gymnastics. Eleven boys were asked to perform three different protocols consisting of warm-up, warm-up and static stretching and warm-up and dynamic stretching, on three nonconsecutive days. Each protocol was followed by a “handspring” vault. One-way analysis of variance for repeated-measures showed a significant difference in gymnasts’ speed, following the different protocols. Tukey’s post hoc analysis revealed that gymnasts mean speed during the run of vault was significantly decreased after the application of the static stretching protocol. The findings of the present study indicate the inhibitory role of an acute static stretching in running speed in young gymnasts.

Effects of Static and Dynamic Stretching on Injury Prevention in High School Soccer Athletes: A Randomized Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan A. Zakaria ◽  
Robert B. Kiningham ◽  
Ananda Sen
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Back Injuries ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soccer Teams ◽  
Cluster Randomized

Objective:To determine if there is any benefit to static stretching after performing a dynamic warm-up in the prevention of injury in high school soccer athletes.Design:Prospective cluster randomized nonblinded study.Setting:12 high schools with varsity and junior varsity boys’ soccer teams (24 soccer teams) across the state of Michigan.Participants:Four hundred ninety-nine student-athletes were enrolled, and 465 completed the study. One high school dropped out of the study in the first week, leaving a total of 22 teams.Interventions:Dynamic stretching protocol vs dynamic + static (D+S) stretching protocol.Main Outcome Measures:Lower-extremity, core, or lower-back injuries per team.Results:Twelve teams performed the dynamic stretching protocol and 10 teams performed the D+S stretching protocol. There were 17 injuries (1.42 ± 1.49 injuries/team) among the teams that performed the dynamic stretching protocol and 20 injuries (2.0 ± 1.24 injuries/team) among the teams that performed the D+S protocol. There was no statistically significant difference in injuries between the 2 groups (P = .33).Conclusions:There is no difference between dynamic stretching and D+S stretching in the prevention of lower-extremity, core, and back injuries in high school male soccer athletes. Static stretching does not provide any added benefit to dynamic stretching in the prevention of injury in this population before exercise.

scholarly journals ISOKINETIC PROFILES AND REFERENCE VALUES OF PROFESSIONAL SOCCER PLAYERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-615
Author(s):  
Guillermo Charneco Salguero ◽  
Francisco García-Muro San José ◽  
Arturo Pérez Gosalvez ◽  
Jose Miguel Cárdenas Rebollo ◽  
Isabel Brígido Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Average Work ◽  
Torque Values

ABSTRACT Introduction: Isokinetics is a tool commonly used in professional soccer. There is ongoing debate among researchers as to the isokinetic reference values a player should have. Objectives: To determine the absolute peak torque (PT) and average work of professional soccer players in relation to their positions on the field, and to establish the reference values for these variables. Methods: Purposeful sampling was used to select 289 professional soccer players. The sample included 32 goalkeepers, 100 defenders, 98 midfielders, and 59 strikers. The participants were measured preseason. The players were asked to perform a 10-minute warm-up on an exercise bike, and then to perform 5 repetitions at low speed, 10 at medium speed, and 25 at high speed, with 30 to 40-s of rest between each set of repetitions. The contraction method was concentric-concentric in a dynamometer Isomed 2000. Results: The average age, weight, and height of the players was 21.9 years, 74.3 kilograms, and 1.8 meters, respectively. The goalkeepers presented higher PT at the 3 measured speeds, and the higher average work at 180°/s and 240°/s in relation to defenders and midfielders. The strikers presented higher average work at 240°/s in relation to midfielders, and higher PT in relation to the defenders and midfielders. Absolute values were shown and reference values were established. Conclusions: The goalkeepers and strikers were the players that showed the greatest differences in their favor in relation to the other positions. The peak torque values and average work were described in relation to the player's position on the field. This study resulted in the creation of a tool for health professionals working with professional soccer players, providing reference values for these players in relation to their position on the field that can be used as benchmarks, by health professionals, to optimize soccer players’ performance. Level of evidence II, Prospective comparative study.

scholarly journals The Acute Effects of Dynamic and Static Stretching on Tennis Serve Targeting Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Bulent Turna ◽  
Asuman Sahan ◽  
Bahar Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Tennis Serve ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
Homogeneous Data ◽  
Stretching Exercises

The study investigates the acute effects of dynamic and static stretching on the tennis serve targeting performance of amateur tennis players. Twenty male athletes who were between the ages of 16-24 years and played tennis for at least 1 year (21.40±2.16 years, 181±0.06 cm, 71.85±7.42 kg, tennis playing time 1.55±0.88 years) voluntarily participated in the study.Prior to the pre-tests and after applying the traditional warm-up protocol, serve targeting test (STT) was applied to all participants. In the post-tests, STT was used after applying three different warm-up methods on three different days (48-hour rest interval). The warm-up stages included No Treatment (NT) (jogging, rally), Static Stretching (SS) and Dynamic Stretching (DS).In the statistical analysis, the homogeneity of the data was investigated using the Shapiro Wilk test. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the pre-test and post-test results of the non-homogeneous data; Friedman test was used to compare the three different stretching methods with each other; in the paired comparisons of the groups, the paired samples t-test was used for the homogenous data and Wilcoxon test was used for the non-homogeneous data. In conclusion, stretching exercises before serving increased the serve targeting performance and the increase in the dynamic stretching exercises was higher than that in static stretching exercises.

scholarly journals Acute Effect of Different Combined Stretching Methods on Acceleration and Speed in Soccer Players

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadtaghi Amiri-Khorasani ◽  
Julio Calleja-Gonzalez ◽  
Mansooreh Mogharabi-Manzari
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Rest Periods

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of different stretching methods, during a warm-up, on the acceleration and speed of soccer players. The acceleration performance of 20 collegiate soccer players (body height: 177.25 ± 5.31 cm; body mass: 65.10 ± 5.62 kg; age: 16.85 ± 0.87 years; BMI: 20.70 ± 5.54; experience: 8.46 ± 1.49 years) was evaluated after different warm-up procedures, using 10 and 20 m tests. Subjects performed five types of a warm-up: static, dynamic, combined static + dynamic, combined dynamic + static, and no-stretching. Subjects were divided into five groups. Each group performed five different warm-up protocols in five non-consecutive days. The warm-up protocol used for each group was randomly assigned. The protocols consisted of 4 min jogging, a 1 min stretching program (except for the no-stretching protocol), and 2 min rest periods, followed by the 10 and 20 m sprint test, on the same day. The current findings showed significant differences in the 10 and 20 m tests after dynamic stretching compared with static, combined, and no-stretching protocols. There were also significant differences between the combined stretching compared with static and no-stretching protocols. We concluded that soccer players performed better with respect to acceleration and speed, after dynamic and combined stretching, as they were able to produce more force for a faster execution.

scholarly journals Acute Effects of a Static vs. a Dynamic Stretching Warm-up on Repeated-Sprint Performance in Female Handball Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Zmijewski ◽  
Patrycja Lipinska ◽  
Anna Czajkowska ◽  
Anna Mróz ◽  
Paweł Kapuściński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Power ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Range Of Movement ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Repeated Sprint

AbstractThis randomized cross-over study examined the effects of typical static and dynamic stretching warm-up protocols on repeated-sprint performance. Thirteen young female handball players performed a 5 min aerobic warm-up followed by one of three stretching protocols for the lower limbs: (1) static stretching, (2) dynamic-ballistic stretching, and (3) no stretching before performing five all-out sprints on a cycle ergometer. Each protocol was performed on a different occasion, separated by 2-3 days. Range of movement (ROM) was also measured before and after the warm-up protocols with a sit-and-reach test. Fixed and random effects of each stretching protocol on repeated sprint performance were estimated with mixed linear modeling and data were evaluated via standardization and magnitude-based inferences. In comparison to no stretching, there were small increases in ROM after dynamic stretching (12.7%, ±0.7%; mean, ±90% confidence limits) and static stretching (19.2%, ±0.9%). There were small increases in the average power across all sprints with dynamic stretching relative to static stretching (3.3%, ±2.4%) and no stretching (3.0%, ±2.4%) and trivial to small increases in the average power in the 1st and 5th trials with dynamic stretching compared to static stretching (3.9%, ±2.6%; 2.6%, ±2.6%, respectively) and no stretching (2.0%, ±2.7%; 4.1%, ±2.8%, respectively). There were also trivial and small decreases in power across all sprints with static relative to dynamic stretching (-1.3%, ±2.8%) and no stretching (-3.5%, ±2.9%). Dynamic stretching improved repeated-sprint performance to a greater extent than static stretching and no stretching.

scholarly journals Running Performance and Hormonal, Maturity and Physical Variables in Starting and Non-Starting Elite U14 Soccer Players During a Congested Match Schedule

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-295
Author(s):  
Vinicius Zanetti ◽  
Marcelo Saldanha Aoki ◽  
Paul Bradley ◽  
Christopher Carling ◽  
Thomas Kisil Marino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Salivary Testosterone ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Biological Maturity ◽  
Test Level

Abstract This study examined changes in match running performance (MRP) in Under-14 soccer players (13.5 ± 0.7 yrs) during a congested match schedule (CMS) (4 matches played within a 5-day period). It also examined the difference in salivary testosterone (sT) concentration, somatic maturation, jumping tests, and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) between the players selected to play (SLG; group who participated in all matches) and players non-selected to play (NSG). A significant difference was observed for the frequency of decelerations (DEC) across matches (match 4 vs. matches 1, 2 and 3; p = 0.05; partial ƞ2 = 0.20). No difference between matches was observed for total running distance (TRD), high-speed running distance (HSRD), and frequency of accelerations (ACC) (p > 0.05). A wide range for within-player coefficient of variation (CV) values was observed for all MRP variables (range: 10.5 = TRD to 30.6 = HSRD). No difference between SLG and NSG for any of the assessed variables was observed (p > 0.05). The findings suggest that DEC was the most pertinent variable for monitoring changes in MRP during the CMS. In addition, at an elite youth soccer level, the biological maturity and fitness might not influence selection to play.

scholarly journals Acute Effects of Static and Dynamic Stretching on Jump Performance of Volleyball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasemin Arı ◽  
◽  
Ozan Sever ◽  
Aslıhan Arslangörür ◽  
Asım Tunçel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rank Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Friedman Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Group Control Group

The aim of this study is to examine the acute effects of different stretching methods on jump performance of volleyball players. 11 female volleyball players (age: 24.36 ± 5.10 years; height: 177.81 ± 7.30 cm; weight: 68.17 ± 11.69 kg; body mass index (BMI): 21.46 ± 2.56 kg.m-2; sports age: 12.72 ± 5.31 years) have participated voluntarily in this study. The players have applied three different stretching protocols such as control (no stretching), static and dynamic stretching on non-consecutive days. The protocols have included 5 minutes general warm-up, 1 minute rest, 30-second stretch program for each muscle group (control group not included), 1 minute rest and countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ) and standing long jump (SLJ) tests. Friedman analysis has been used for data analysis. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test has been implemented in order to determine the difference among groups. At the end of the study, a significant difference has been found between control and dynamic stretching groups with regard to static stretching groups in view of CMJ and SJ performance findings (p <0.05). It has been found that there is a statistically significant difference in the test averages of dynamic stretching group compared to static stretching group in view of SLJ performance findings (p <0.05). This study shows that static stretching practices reduce the jumping performance of the players. As a result, it can be suggested that trainers should use dynamic stretching methods before the trainings on jumping properties containing explosive movements.

scholarly journals The Acute Effects of Foam Rolling and Dynamic Stretching on Athletic Performance: A Critically Appraised Topic

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Bethany L. Anderson ◽  
Rod A. Harter ◽  
James L. Farnsworth
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Foam Rolling ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
And Performance

Clinical Scenario: Dynamic stretching and foam rolling are commonly used by athletes to reduce injury and enhance recovery, thereby improving athletic performance. In contrast to dynamic stretching, little research has been conducted on the acute effects of foam rolling as part of the preexercise warm-up routine. Previously, when researchers implemented foam rolling with static stretching as a warm-up, some found that foam rolling slightly improved flexibility and performance outcomes. More recent research has shown that dynamic stretching is favorable to static stretching when used as a warm-up strategy. Therefore, adding foam rolling to dynamic stretching is hypothesized to create more significant improvements in flexibility and performance compared with adding foam rolling to static stretching. Focused Clinical Question: In active individuals, does foam rolling in addition to dynamic stretching lead to enhanced performance compared with dynamic stretching alone? Summary of Key Findings: Four randomized controlled trials were included. Two studies concluded that the addition of foam rolling to dynamic stretching increased vertical jump height more than dynamic stretching alone, while 2 studies found no difference between these treatment groups. Two studies concluded that the addition of foam rolling increased agility performance compared with dynamic stretching alone, while one study found no difference between treatment groups and one study did not measure agility. All 4 studies reviewed concluded that foam rolling did not improve flexibility more than dynamic stretching alone. Clinical Bottom Line: Foam rolling in conjunction with dynamic stretching may further improve an athlete’s agility and power output; however, little improvement has been observed with foam rolling in regard to athlete flexibility when compared with completing dynamic stretching programs alone. Strength of Recommendation: Inconsistent findings from 4 randomized controlled trials suggest there is Grade C evidence to support the inclusion of foam rolling in a dynamic warm-up.

scholarly journals Dynamic Balance in Athletes With Intellectual Disability: Effect of Dynamic Stretching and Plyometric Warm-Ups

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ghada Jouira ◽  
Selim Srihi ◽  
Fatma Ben Waer ◽  
Haithem Rebai ◽  
Sonia Sahli
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Composite Score ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Composite Scores

Context: Athletes with intellectual disability (ID) have a high risk of injury while participating in various sports. Warm-up (WU) is the most preventive measure to reduce injuries in sports. Objective: To investigate the effects of dynamic stretching WU (DS-WU) and plyometric WU (PL-WU) on dynamic balance in athletes with ID. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Research laboratory. Participants: A total of 12 athletes with ID (age 24.5 [3.22] y, height 165.7 [8.4] cm, weight 61.5 [7.1] kg, intelligence quotient 61.1 [3.5]). Main Outcome Measures: Dynamic balance was assessed using the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) at pre-WU, post-WU, and 15 minutes post-WU for both the DS-WU and the PL-WU. A 2-way analysis of variance (3 sessions × 2 WU methods) with repeated-measures was used in this study. Results: Following the DS-WU, participants demonstrated significant improvements in the SEBT composite score post-WU (89.12% [5.54%] vs 87.04% [5.35%]; P < .01) and at 15 minutes post-WU (89.55% [5.28%] vs 87.04%, P < .01) compared with pre-WU. However, no significant difference between these two post-WU scores (post-WU and 15 min post-WU) was found. For the PL-WU, participants demonstrated a significant decrease in the SEBT composite score at post-WU (85.95% [5.49%] vs 87.02% [5.73%]; P < .05); however, these scores increased significantly at 15 minutes post-WU (88.60% [5.42%] vs 87.02% [5.49%]; P < .05) compared with that at pre-WU. The SEBT composite scores are significantly higher in the DS-WU than in the PL-WU at both post-WU sessions (P < .05). Conclusion: Both DS-WU and PL-WU could improve dynamic balance and may be recommended as WUs in athletes with ID; however, particular caution should be exercised immediately after the PL-WU.

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