Aerobic-Exercise Training Improves Ventilatory Efficiency in Overweight Children

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Kaufman ◽  
Aaron S. Kelly ◽  
Dan R. Kaiser ◽  
Julia Steinberger ◽  
Donald R. Dengel
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Ventilatory Efficiency ◽  
Exercise Training Program ◽  
Ventilatory Equivalent

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of an 8-week aerobic-exercise training program on ventilatory threshold and ventilatory efficiency in overweight children. Twenty overweight children (BMI > 85th percentile) performed a graded cycle exercise test at baseline and were then randomly assigned to 8 weeks of stationary cycling (n = 10) or a nonexercising control group (n = 10). Ventilatory variables were examined at ventilatory threshold (VT), which was determined via the Dmax method. After 8 weeks, significant improvements occurred in the exercise group compared with the control group for oxygen uptake at VT (exercise = 1.03 ± 0.13 to 1.32 ± 0.12 L/min vs. control = 1.20 ± 0.10 to 1.11 ± 0.10 L/min, p < .05) and ventilatory equivalent of carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) at VT (exercise = 32.8 ± 0.80 to 31.0 ± 0.53 vs. control = 30.3 ± 0.88 to 31.7 ± 0.91, p < .05). Aerobic-exercise training might help reverse the decrements in cardiopulmonary function observed over time in overweight children.

scholarly journals Aerobic exercise training reduces blood pressure, angiotensin II and oxidative stress of patients with resistant hypertension: the EnRiCH trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Lopes ◽  
J Mesquita-Bastos ◽  
M Teixeira ◽  
D Figueiredo ◽  
J Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Resistant Hypertension ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exercise Training Program ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Introduction Resistant hypertension is a major challenge of modern cardiovascular medicine, as it is a puzzling problem without a clear solution. Exercise training clearly reduces blood pressure (BP) and oxidative stress in patients with hypertension, however evidence is limited regarding resistant hypertension. Purpose To determine the effect of an aerobic exercise training program in BP, angiotensin II and oxidative stress in patients with resistant hypertension. Methods EnRicH is a prospective, two-center, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial with a parallel two-arm group. Sixty patients with resistant hypertension were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to undergo a 12-week aerobic exercise training program (exercise) or usual care (control). The powered primary efficacy measure was 24-hour ambulatory systolic BP change from baseline. Secondary outcome measures included daytime and nighttime ambulatory BP, office BP, cardiorespiratory fitness, and oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers: Interferon-gamma (IFN-y), Angiotensin II, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Results Fifty-three patients (exercise n=26, control n=27) completed the study. Patients were mainly women (54.7%), with an office BP of 140.7±15.9/84.2±9.4 mm Hg and taking an average of 4.6 antihypertensive medications (median, 5; range, 3 to 7). At baseline, no differences were found between groups for the study outcomes and patient characteristics. Ambulatory systolic BP was reduced −7.1 mm Hg (95% CI, −12.8 to −1.4; P=0.015) in the exercise group (127.4±12.2 to 121.2±12.2, p=0.007) compared to control group (126.1±17.2 to 126.9±15.2, p=514) over 24-hour. In addition, 24-hour ambulatory diastolic BP (−5.1 mm Hg, −7.9 to −2.3, P=0.001), daytime ambulatory systolic (−8.4 mm Hg, −14.3 to −2.5, P=0.006), and diastolic BP (−5.7 mm Hg, −9.0 to −2.4, P=0.001) were also reduced in the exercise group compared to the control group. There were no differences in the change of nighttime ambulatory BP between groups. Cardiorespiratory fitness improved in the exercise group by 14% (4.7 ml.kg-1.min-1, P&lt;0.001), while it remained unchanged in the control group (−0.37 ml.kg-1.min-1, P=0.442). A significant between-group difference in favor of exercise group was found for IFN-y (−4.3 pg/mL, 95% CI: −7.1 to −1.5; P=0.003), Angiotensin II (−157.0 pg/mL, 95% CI: −288.1 to −25.9; P=0.020), VEGF (10.53 pg/mL, 95% CI: 0.60 to 22.54; P=0.035), and SOD (0.35 pg/mL, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.58; P=0.009). Conclusions A 12-week moderate intensity aerobic exercise program reduced ambulatory BP, angiotensin II and oxidative stress in patients with resistant hypertension. The antihypertensive effects of exercise in patients with resistant hypertension may be mediated by positive changes in oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): European Union through European Regional Development Fund – Operational Competitiveness Factors Program (COMPETE)Portuguese Government through FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology

Circulating Omentin-1, Insulin Resistance and Lipid Profile Responses Following 8-weeks Aerobic Training Intervention Among Smokers Vs. Non-smokers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Maysam Mousavi ◽  
Ali Heidarianpour ◽  
Hassan Tavassoli
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group

Abstract Background: Omentin-1 is a recently circulating adipokine that plays a crucial role in modulating insulin resistance and diabetes. We investigated the effect of eight weeks aerobic exercise training on serum omentin-1, insulin resistance and lipid profile in the smoker and non-smokers with normal-weight. Methods: Nineteen healthy men and twenty smoker men were randomly assigned into healthy control group (C), healthy exercise group (E), control smoker group (CS) and exercise smoker group (ES). Exercise groups participated in an 8-weeks aerobic exercise training program (three times a week, 45 min per session at 65%-80% of maximum heart rate). Serum omentin-1 and insulin values were determined by ELISA and HOMA-IR, glucose and lipid profile were measured at pre and post of the intervention. Paired Sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey test were applied to analyze the data (p<0.05).Results: Aerobic exercise improved both serum omentin-1 and high lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the exercise groups (p<0.05). Also, Exercise training reduced insulin, blood sugar, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (p<0.05). Omentin-1 were significantly associated with insulin (r=-0.40, P=0.01), HOMA-IR (r=-0.38, P=0.04), TG (r=-0.40, P=0.01), TC (r=-0.49, P=0.02), LDL-C (r=-0.70, P=0.02) and HDL-C (r=0.55, P=0.03).Conclusion: The findings suggest that aerobic exercise-induced changes in omentin-1 in exercise trained smokers may be associated with the beneficial effects of exercise on reduced insulin and lipid profile.

scholarly journals Effect of 8-week aerobic training on lipid profile, PYY3-36, and cortisol levels among obese women

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-519
Author(s):  
Vahid Aari Sarraf ◽  
Akram Ameghani ◽  
Alireza Ostadrahymy ◽  
Naser Aghamommadzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Background: Limited energy intake with physical activity is effective to reduce health problems associated with obesity. It has been shown that PYY3-36 level increased after intense exercise. This study investigated effect of exercise therapy on appetite suppression and weight loss among obese and/or overweight women. Methods: There was a quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design, two groups (control-exercise) study. Study population was overweight or obese women with 20-34 years old and body mass index 27-34 kg/m2. 13 women were randomly assigned in 2 groups (exercise group with 8 weeks of aerobic exercise training (n=7) and control group (n=6)). Weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, lipid profile, cortisol and PYY3-36 were measured at baseline and end of the study. Results: In baseline of study, there was no significant difference across the groups in factors mean (P>0.05).In control group, after 8 weeks, there was no significant difference in variables.(P>0.05) However, In exercise group significant decrease was observed in BMI, WHR, PYY3-36, TG, CHOLESTROL(TC) and LDL, compared to control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise within the 80% of heart rate reserve is beneficial in lipid profile, appetite management and modified anthropometric factors. These studies demonstrate that a cortisol change is not along with PYY3-36 changes. We suggest the longer exercise training for this purpose.

Prenatal exercise and cardiovascular health (PEACH) study: The remote effect of aerobic exercise training on conduit artery and resistance vessel function.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakhbeer Singh Boparai ◽  
Rachel J Skow ◽  
Sauleha Farooq ◽  
Craig D Steinback ◽  
Margie H Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention

We assessed the impact of a structured lower-limb aerobic exercise training intervention during pregnancy on brachial artery endothelial function, shear rate and patterns, and forearm blood flow and reactive hyperemia. Twenty-seven pregnant women were recruited and randomized into either a control group (n=11; 31.0 ± 0.7 years), or an exercise intervention group (n=16; 32.6 ± 0.9 years; NCT02948439). The exercise group completed 40 minutes of aerobic exercise (50-70% heart rate reserve) 3-4 times per week, between the second and third trimester of pregnancy. Endothelial function was assessed using flow-mediated dilation (FMD, normalized for shear stress) pre- (16-20 weeks) and post-intervention (34-36 weeks). The exercise training group experienced an attenuated increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) relative to the control group (∆MAP exercise: +2± 2 mmHg vs. control: +7±3 mmHg; p=0.044) from pre- to post-intervention. % FMD change corrected for shear stress was not different between groups (p=0.460); however, the post occlusion mean flow rate (exercise: 437±32 mL/min vs. control: 364±35 mL/min; p=0.001) and post occlusion anterograde flow rate (exercise: 438±32 mL/min vs. control: 364±46 mL/min;p=0.001) were larger for the exercise training group compared to controls, post-intervention. Although endothelial function was not different between groups, we observed an increase in microcirculatory dilatory capacity, as suggested by the augmented reactive hyperemia in the exercise training group. Novelty: • Endothelial function was not altered with exercise training during pregnancy. • Exercise training did contribute to improved cardiovascular outcomes, which may have been associated with augmented reactive hyperaemia, indicative of increased microcirculatory dilatory capacity

Aerobic exercise training reduces plasma endothelin-1 concentration in older women

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 336-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiji Maeda ◽  
Takumi Tanabe ◽  
Takashi Miyauchi ◽  
Takeshi Otsuki ◽  
Jun Sugawara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Endothelin 1

Endothelial function deteriorates with aging. On the other hand, exercise training improves the function of vascular endothelial cells. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), which is produced by vascular endothelial cells, has potent constrictor and proliferative activity in vascular smooth muscle cells and, therefore, has been implicated in regulation of vascular tonus and progression of atherosclerosis. We previously reported significantly higher plasma ET-1 concentration in middle-aged than in young humans, and recently we showed that plasma ET-1 concentration was significantly decreased by aerobic exercise training in healthy young humans. We hypothesized that plasma ET-1 concentration increases with age, even in healthy adults, and that lifestyle modification (i.e., exercise) can reduce plasma ET-1 concentration in previously sedentary older adults. We measured plasma ET-1 concentration in healthy young women (21–28 yr old), healthy middle-aged women (31–47 yr old), and healthy older women (61–69 yr old). The plasma level of ET-1 significantly increased with aging (1.02 ± 0.08, 1.33 ± 0.11, and 2.90 ± 0.20 pg/ml in young, middle-aged, and older women, respectively). Thus plasma ET-1 concentration was markedly higher in healthy older women than in healthy young or middle-aged women (by ∼3- and 2-fold, respectively). In healthy older women, we also measured plasma ET-1 concentration after 3 mo of aerobic exercise (cycling on a leg ergometer at 80% of ventilatory threshold for 30 min, 5 days/wk). Regular exercise significantly decreased plasma ET-1 concentration in the healthy older women (2.22 ± 0.16 pg/ml, P < 0.01) and also significantly reduced their blood pressure. The present study suggests that regular aerobic-endurance exercise reduces plasma ET-1 concentration in older humans, and this reduction in plasma ET-1 concentration may have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system (i.e., prevention of progression of hypertension and/or atherosclerosis by endogenous ET-1).

Effect of the Joint Administration of Selenium and Vitamin E in Combination with Regular Aerobic Exercise on Markers of Lipid Peroxidation and Glutathione Peroxidase in Diabetic Rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Tae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Long Term Treatment

We investigated the effect of long-term treatment (6 wk) with selenium and vitamin E, in combination with aerobic exercise training, on malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), and glutathione peroxi-dase (GPx) in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The rats were assigned randomly to one of three treatment groups (n = 12 per group): 1) exercise group (EX), 2) selenium/vitamin E/exercise group (SVE), and 3) selenium/vitamin E group (SV). To estimate the acute effect of exercise, a 30-min endurance exercise was used. The MDA concentration was significantly lower in the SVE. The ox-LDL was significantly lower in the SVE and SV. The hepatic concentrations of selenium and vitamin E were significantly higher in the SVE. These results indicate that the increase in MDA is mildly attenuated in rats that were aerobically trained. Moreover, the joint administration of selenium and vitamin E with or without exercise training reduces the levels of ox-LDL.

Aerobic Exercise Training and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Older Adults: A Randomized Control Trial

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Boileau ◽  
Edward McAuley ◽  
Demetra Demetriou ◽  
Naveen K. Devabhaktuni ◽  
Gregory L. Dykstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After

A trial was conducted to examine the effect of moderate aerobic exercise training (AET) on cardiorespiratory (CR) fitness. Previously sedentary participants, age 60-75 years, were randomly assigned to either AET treatment or a control group for 6 months. The AET consisted of walking for 40 min three times/week at an intensity that elevated heart rate to 65% of maximum heart rate reserve. The control group performed a supervised stretching program for 40 min three times/week. CR fitness was assessed before and after the treatments during a grade-incremented treadmill walking test. Both absolute and relative peak V̇O2 significantly increased (p < .01) in the AET group, whereas they decreased modestly in the control group. Maximum treadmill time increased significantly (p < .01) in the AET group relative to the control group. These results indicate that CR fitness as measured by peak V̇O2 modestly improves in the elderly with a moderate-intensity, relatively long-term aerobic exercise program.

scholarly journals Aerobic exercise affects sleep, psychological wellbeing and immune system parameters among subjects with chronic primary insomnia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1761-9
Author(s):  
Shehab M Abd El-Kader ◽  
Osama H Al-Jiffri
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Primary Insomnia ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group A

Background: Chronic primary insomnia is characterized by long-term difficulties in maintaining and initiating sleep, too early waking up, poor mood, fatigue, impaired concentration and poor quality of life. Exercise training is recommended to prevent and alleviate sleep disorders. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of aerobic exercise training on quality of sleep, psycho- logical wellbeing and immune system among subjects with chronic primary insomnia. Material and methods: Eighty previously sedentary subjects with chronic primary insomnia subjects enrolled in this study, their age ranged from 35-56 years. All participants were randomly assigned to supervised aerobic exercise intervention group (group A, n=40) or control group (group B, n=40). Polysomnographic recordings for sleep quality assessment, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Profile of Mood States(POMS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), number of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ T cells count and CD4/CD8 ratio were measured before and at the end of the study after six months. Results: There was a significant increase in the total sleep duration, sleep efficiency and sleep onset latency in group(A) after six months of aerobic exercise training, while, wake time after sleep onset and rapid eye movement (REM) latency significantly reduced after six months of aerobic training compared with values obtained prior to aerobic exercise training. Also, the mean values of BDI, POMS, CD3 count, CD4 count and CD8 count decreased significantly and the mean value of RSES significantly increased in group (A) after the aerobic exercise training, while the results of the control group were not significant. Moreover, there were significant differences between both groups at the end of the study. Conclusion: Exercise training can be considered as a non-pharmacological modalty for modifying sleep quality, psycholog- ical wellbeing and immune system among subjects with chronic primary insomnia. Keywords: Aerobic exercise; chronic primary insomnia; immune function; sleep quality; psychological wellbeing.

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