Effects of Active and Passive Recovery on Blood Lactate and Blood pH After a Repeated Sprint Protocol in Children and Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Kappenstein ◽  
Jaime Fernández-Fernández ◽  
Florian Engel ◽  
Alexander Ferrauti
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Sprint Running ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Postexercise Recovery

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of active (AR) and passive recovery (PR) after a high-intensive repeated sprint running protocol on physiological parameters in children and adults. Blood lactate (La) and blood pH were obtained during two sets of 5 × 5 s all-out sprints and several times during subsequent 30-min recovery in 16 children and 16 adults. End-exercise La was significantly lower and pH significantly higher in children (La: 5.21 ± 2.73 mmol·L1; pH: 7.37 ± 0.06) compared with adults (La: 10.35 ± 5.76 mmol·L−1; pH: 7.27 ± 0.10) (p > .01). La half-life during postexercise recovery was significantly shorter in children (AR: 436 ± 371 s, PR: 830 ± 349 s) than in adults (AR: 733 ± 371 s, PR: 1361 ± 372 s), as well as in active compared with passive recovery for both age groups (p > .01). The age x recovery interaction for La half-life only approached statistical significance (p = .06). The results suggest a faster lactate disappearance and an earlier return to resting pH after a repeated sprint running protocol in children compared with adults and a less pronounced advantage of active recovery in children.

Effect of different intensities of active recovery on sprint swimming performance

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Argyris G. Toubekis ◽  
Ilias Smilios ◽  
Gregory C. Bogdanis ◽  
Georgios Mavridis ◽  
Savvas P. Tokmakidis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Sprint Swimming

Active recovery reduces blood lactate concentration faster than passive recovery and, when the proper intensity is applied, a positive effect on performance is expected. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of different intensities of active recovery on performance during repeated sprint swimming. Nine male well-trained swimmers performed 8 repetitions of 25 m sprints (8 × 25 m) interspersed with 45 s intervals, followed by a 50 m sprint test 6 min later. During the 45 s and 6 min interval periods, swimmers either rested passively (PAS) or swam at an intensity corresponding to 50% (ACT50) and 60% (ACT60) of their individual 100 m velocity. Blood lactate was higher during PAS compared with ACT50 and ACT60 trials (p < 0.05), whereas plasma ammonia and glycerol concentration were not different between trials (p > 0.05). Mean performance time for the 8 × 25 m sprints was better in the PAS compared with the ACT50 and ACT60 trials (PAS: 13.10 ± 0.07 vs. ACT50: 13.43 ± 0.10 and ACT60: 13.47 ± 0.10s, p < 0.05). The first 25 m sprint was not different across trials (p > 0.05), but performance decreased after sprint 2 during active recovery trials (ACT50 and ACT60) compared with the passive recovery (PAS) trial (p < 0.05). Performance time for the 50 m sprint performed 6 min after the 8 × 25 m sprints was no different between trials (p > 0.05). These results indicate that active recovery at intensities corresponding to 50% and 60% of the 100 m velocity during repeated swimming sprints decreases performance. Active recovery reduces blood lactate concentration, but does not affect performance on a 50 m sprint when 6 min recovery is provided. Passive recovery is advised during short-interval repeated sprint training in well-trained swimmers.

Muscle glycogen repletion during active postexercise recovery

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (3) ◽  
pp. E305-E311 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Peters Futre ◽  
T. D. Noakes ◽  
R. I. Raine ◽  
S. E. Terblanche
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
Glycogen Resynthesis ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Lactate Removal ◽  
Glycogen Repletion ◽  
Lactate Levels

High-intensity intermittent bicycle exercise was used to deplete muscle glycogen levels by 70% and elevate blood lactate levels to greater than 13.0 mmol/l. Thereafter subjects either cycled with one leg for 45 min followed by 45 min of passive recovery (partially active recovery) or rested for 90 min (passive recovery). During the first 45 min of partially active recovery 1) blood lactate (P less than 0.05) and pH levels (P less than 0.05) returned more rapidly to preexercise values than during passive recovery, 2) the rate of net glycogen resynthesis (0.28 mumol . g-1 . min-1) was the same in both legs, and 3) muscle lactate levels were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in the passive than in the active leg. Thereafter the rate of net muscle glycogen resynthesis was unchanged (0.26 mumol . g-1 . min-1) and lactate removal could theoretically account for only 18% of the glycogen resynthesized. Overall, the rate of muscle glycogen resynthesis and muscle lactate removal was not different from that measured during passive recovery. After high-intensity exercise 1) glycogen repletion is not impeded by light exercise, and 2) blood glucose is an important substrate for glycogen resynthesis.

scholarly journals Repeated High Intensity Bouts with Long Recovery: Are Bicarbonate or Carbohydrate Supplements an Option?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Stöggl ◽  
Rafael Torres-Peralta ◽  
Ebru Cetin ◽  
Masaru Nagasaki
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Response And Recovery

The effects of varying recovery modes and the influence of preexercise sodium bicarbonate and carbohydrate ingestion on repeated high intensity performance, acid-base response, and recovery were analyzed in 12 well-trained males. They completed three repeated high intensity running bouts to exhaustion with intervening recovery periods of 25 min under the following conditions: sodium bicarbonate, active recovery (BIC); carbohydrate ingestion, active recovery (CHO); placebo ingestion, active recovery (ACTIVE); placebo ingestion, passive recovery (PASSIVE). Blood lactate (BLa), blood gases, heart rate, and time to exhaustion were collected. The three high intensity bouts had a duration of138±9, 124±6, and121±6 s demonstrating a decrease from bout 1 to bout 3. Supplementation strategy had no effect on performance in the first bout, even with differences in pH and bicarbonate (HCO3-). Repeated sprint performance was not affected by supplementation strategy when compared to ACTIVE, while PASSIVE resulted in a more pronounced decrease in performance compared with all other interventions. BIC led to greater BLa, pH, and HCO3-values compared with all other interventions, while for PASSIVE the opposite was found. BLa recovery was lowest in PASSIVE; recovery in pH, and HCO3-was lower in PASSIVE and higher in BIC.

Muscle Deoxygenation during Repeated Sprint Running: Effect of Active vs. Passive Recovery

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (06) ◽  
pp. 418-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Buchheit ◽  
P. Cormie ◽  
C. R. Abbiss ◽  
S. Ahmaidi ◽  
K. K. Nosaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Sprint Running ◽  
Muscle Deoxygenation ◽  
Repeated Sprint

Effect of Active and Passive Recovery on Blood Lactate and Performance During Simulated Competition in High Level Gymnasts

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monèm Jemni ◽  
William A. Sands ◽  
Françoise Friemel ◽  
Paul Delamarche
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Recovery Strategies ◽  
Lactate Removal ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Recovery Protocols ◽  
High Level

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two recovery strategies between men's gymnastics events on blood lactate removal (BL) and performance as rated by expert "blind" judges. Twelve male gymnasts (21.8 ± 2.4 years) participated. The sessions were composed of routine performances in the six Olympic events, which were separated by 10 min of recovery. All gymnasts performed two recovery protocols between events on separate days: Rest protocol, 10 min rest in a sitting position; combined protocol, 5 min rest and 5 min self-selected active recovery. Three blood samples were taken at 2, 5, and 10 min following each event. Gymnasts produced moderate values of BL following each of the six events (2.2 to 11.6 mmolúL−1). There was moderate variability in BL values between events that could not be accounted for by the athlete's event performance. Gymnasts showed higher BL concentration (p > .05) and significantly (p < .05) higher scoring performances (as rated by a panel of certified judges) when they used a combined recovery between gymnastics events rather than a passive recovery (ΔBL = 40.51% vs. 28.76% of maximal BL, p < .05, and total score = 47.28 ± 6.82 vs. 38.39 ± 7.55, p < .05, respectively). Key words: oxidation, removal, heart rate

Sprint Interval Training: Recovery Format, Enjoyment and Blood Pressure in Inactive Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Yuri Kriel ◽  
Hugo A. Kerhervé ◽  
Christopher David Askew ◽  
Colin Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Postexercise Recovery ◽  
Activity Enjoyment

ABSTRACT Background: While the efficacy of sprint interval training (SIT) to provide positive health effects in inactive populations is established, feasibility is associated with enjoyment and safety, which are dependent on the acute physiological and perceptual responses. The recovery format likely influences physiological and perceptual responses that occur during and immediately after SIT. It was hypothesized that during SIT interspersed with active recovery periods, enjoyment and blood pressure (BP) values would be higher compared with passive recovery periods, in inactive participants. Methods: Twelve males (mean ± SD; age 23 ± 3 y) completed 3 exercise sessions on a cycle ergometer in a randomized order on separate days: (a) SIT with passive recovery periods between 4 bouts (SITPASS), (b) SIT with active recovery periods between 4 bouts (SITACT), and (c) SITACT with the 4 SIT bouts replaced with passive periods. BP was measured immediately after each bout and every 2 min during a 6 min recovery. Physical activity enjoyment was measured during postexercise recovery. Results: There were no significant differences in physical activity enjoyment or systolic BP between SITPASS and SITACT. Diastolic BP was lower during recovery in SITACT (P = 0.025) and SITPASS (P = 0.027), compared with resting BP. Furthermore, diastolic BP was lower after 6 min of recovery following SITPASS, compared with SITACT (P = 0.01). Conclusion: Exercise enjoyment and acute systolic BP responses were independent of SIT recovery format in inactive men. Reductions in diastolic BP were greater and more prolonged after SIT protocols that included passive recovery periods.

scholarly journals The Effect of Active Recovery on Power Performance During the Bench Press Exercise

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe A. S. Lopes ◽  
Valéria L. G. Panissa ◽  
Ursula F. Julio ◽  
Elton M. Menegon ◽  
Emerson Franchini
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Main Effect

Abstract The objective of this study was to verify the effect of active and passive recovery on blood lactate concentration and power performance. Twelve male subjects were submitted to a maximal strength test in the the bench press, a maximal aerobic test in the bench step, and to four sets of bench press exercise performed as fast and as long as possible, using 80% of maximal strength when active or passive recovery was performed. The maximum number of repetitions, mean and peak power in eccentric and concentric phases were computed and blood lactate concentration was measured. Comparisons for the variables were made using a two-way variance analysis (recovery type and set numer) with repeated measures in the second factor. When significant differences were detected (p < 0.05), a Tukey post-hoc test was used. There was a main effect of set number on maximum number of repetitions (p < 0.05) (1 > 2, 3, and 4; 2 > 3 and 4; 3 > 4). Mean and peak power in both eccentric and concentric phases also differed across sets (1 > 2, 3, and 4; 2 > 4). There was also a main effect for the recovery type, with lower values (p < 0.05) observed for the active recovery compared to the passive one. It can be concluded that active recovery resulted in lower lactate concentration, but did not improve power performance in the bench press exercise.

Swimming Performance After Passive and Active Recovery of Various Durations

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Argyris G. Toubekis ◽  
Argiro Tsolaki ◽  
Ilias Smilios ◽  
Helen T. Douda ◽  
Thomas Kourtesis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Lactate Removal ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

Purpose:To examine the effects of active and passive recovery of various durations after a 100-m swimming test performed at maximal effort.Methods:Eleven competitive swimmers (5 males, 6 females, age: 17.3 ± 0.6 y) completed two 100-m tests with a 15-min interval at a maximum swimming effort under three experimental conditions. The recovery between tests was 15 min passive (PAS), 5 min active, and 10 min passive (5ACT) or 10 min active and 5 min passive (10ACT). Self-selected active recovery started immediately after the first test, corresponding to 60 ± 5% of the 100-m time. Blood samples were taken at rest, 5, 10, and 15 min after the first as well as 5 min after the second 100-m test for blood lactate determination. Heart rate was also recorded during the corresponding periods.Results:Performance time of the first 100 m was not different between conditions (P > .05). The second 100-m test after the 5ACT (64.49 ± 3.85 s) condition was faster than 10ACT (65.49 ± 4.63 s) and PAS (65.89 ± 4.55 s) conditions (P < .05). Blood lactate during the 15-min recovery period between the 100-m efforts was lower in both active recovery conditions compared with passive recovery (P < .05). Heart rate was higher during the 5ACT and 10ACT conditions compared with PAS during the 15-min recovery period (P < .05).Conclusion:Five minutes of active recovery during a 15-min interval period is adequate to facilitate blood lactate removal and enhance performance in swimmers. Passive recovery and/or 10 min of active recovery is not recommended.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Types of Recovery on Blood Lactate Removal After Maximum Exercise

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacielle Ferreira ◽  
Rodrigo Da Silva Carvalho ◽  
Thiago Barroso ◽  
Leszek Szmuchrowski ◽  
Dariusz Śledziewski
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Maximum Exercise ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Threshold Test ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Lactate Removal ◽  
The Difference

Effect of Different Types of Recovery on Blood Lactate Removal After Maximum ExerciseIntroduction. Despite physiological changes caused by immersion in liquid medium, few studies have been conducted to determine the kinetics of blood lactate removal under these conditions. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of active recovery, using a specific water bike, on the blood lactate concentration after maximum intensity exercise. Material and method. Ten healthy cycling athletes performed an Anaerobic Threshold Test by Heart Rate (HR) on a bicycle ergometer and an Anaerobic Threshold Test by Subjective Effort Perception on an aquatic bicycle ergometer. Three maximal test was performed immediately before each recovery type, in three different days: Passive Recovery on Land - PRL (horizontal position for 60 minutes), Passive Recovery in the Water - PRW (horizontal position, with the help of floats, in swimming pool for 60 minutes) and Active Recovery in the Water - ARW (the volunteer performed exercises on a water bicycle to an intensity corresponding to 85% of the intensity of LA in water, for 30 minutes, and remained in the same position of the PRW for another 30 minutes). Blood samples were collected 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes after the maximal test, for lactate analysis. Results. The [La] blood did not show the difference between the three types of recovery at 5th min. From 15th min on, the difference between the ARW and the other two types of passive recovery was significant, and the ARW showed lower values. There was no significant difference between the PRW and PRL. Conclusion. Mere immersion in water is not enough to maximize the removal of blood lactate. This study demonstrates that active recovery held in water is effective for the removal of blood lactate in cyclists.

The Physiology and Biomechanics of Upper-Body Repeated Sprints in Ice Sledge Hockey

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Øyvind Sandbakk ◽  
Matt Spencer ◽  
Gertjan Ettema ◽  
Silvana Bucher Sandbakk ◽  
Knut Skovereng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
National Team ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Biomechanical Responses

Purpose:To investigate performance and the associated physiological and biomechanical responses during upper-body repeated-sprint work.Methods:Twelve male ice sledge hockey players from the Norwegian national team performed eight 30-m sprints with start every 30 s and an active recovery between sprints. Time was captured every 10 m by photocells, cycle length and rate were determined by video analyses, and heart rate and blood lactate concentration were measured by conventional methods.Results:The percentage sprint decrement was 7% over the 8 trials, with significant reductions in performance from the previous trial already on the second trial (all P < .05). Furthermore, cycle rate was reduced by 9% over the 8 trials (P < .05). Similar changes in performance and kinematic patterns were evident for all 10-m phases of the sprints. Heart rate gradually increased to 94% of maximal (178 ± 10 beats/min) over the 8 trials, and the mean reduction in heart rate was 7 ± 2 beats/min during the 22–24 s of active recovery for all trials (all P < .05). The blood lactate concentration increased to the athletes’ maximal levels over the 8 sprints (P < .05).Conclusions:This is the first study to investigate performance, physiological, and biomechanical aspects of self-propelled upperbody repeated-sprint work. The observed sprint decrement over the 8 trials was associated with reductions in cycle rates and high physiological demands. However, no kinematic and physiological characteristics were significantly correlated to repeated-sprint ability or the sprint decrement.

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