Swimming Performance After Passive and Active Recovery of Various Durations

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Argyris G. Toubekis ◽  
Argiro Tsolaki ◽  
Ilias Smilios ◽  
Helen T. Douda ◽  
Thomas Kourtesis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Lactate Removal ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

Purpose:To examine the effects of active and passive recovery of various durations after a 100-m swimming test performed at maximal effort.Methods:Eleven competitive swimmers (5 males, 6 females, age: 17.3 ± 0.6 y) completed two 100-m tests with a 15-min interval at a maximum swimming effort under three experimental conditions. The recovery between tests was 15 min passive (PAS), 5 min active, and 10 min passive (5ACT) or 10 min active and 5 min passive (10ACT). Self-selected active recovery started immediately after the first test, corresponding to 60 ± 5% of the 100-m time. Blood samples were taken at rest, 5, 10, and 15 min after the first as well as 5 min after the second 100-m test for blood lactate determination. Heart rate was also recorded during the corresponding periods.Results:Performance time of the first 100 m was not different between conditions (P > .05). The second 100-m test after the 5ACT (64.49 ± 3.85 s) condition was faster than 10ACT (65.49 ± 4.63 s) and PAS (65.89 ± 4.55 s) conditions (P < .05). Blood lactate during the 15-min recovery period between the 100-m efforts was lower in both active recovery conditions compared with passive recovery (P < .05). Heart rate was higher during the 5ACT and 10ACT conditions compared with PAS during the 15-min recovery period (P < .05).Conclusion:Five minutes of active recovery during a 15-min interval period is adequate to facilitate blood lactate removal and enhance performance in swimmers. Passive recovery and/or 10 min of active recovery is not recommended.

Muscle glycogen repletion during active postexercise recovery

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (3) ◽  
pp. E305-E311 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Peters Futre ◽  
T. D. Noakes ◽  
R. I. Raine ◽  
S. E. Terblanche
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
Glycogen Resynthesis ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Lactate Removal ◽  
Glycogen Repletion ◽  
Lactate Levels

High-intensity intermittent bicycle exercise was used to deplete muscle glycogen levels by 70% and elevate blood lactate levels to greater than 13.0 mmol/l. Thereafter subjects either cycled with one leg for 45 min followed by 45 min of passive recovery (partially active recovery) or rested for 90 min (passive recovery). During the first 45 min of partially active recovery 1) blood lactate (P less than 0.05) and pH levels (P less than 0.05) returned more rapidly to preexercise values than during passive recovery, 2) the rate of net glycogen resynthesis (0.28 mumol . g-1 . min-1) was the same in both legs, and 3) muscle lactate levels were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in the passive than in the active leg. Thereafter the rate of net muscle glycogen resynthesis was unchanged (0.26 mumol . g-1 . min-1) and lactate removal could theoretically account for only 18% of the glycogen resynthesized. Overall, the rate of muscle glycogen resynthesis and muscle lactate removal was not different from that measured during passive recovery. After high-intensity exercise 1) glycogen repletion is not impeded by light exercise, and 2) blood glucose is an important substrate for glycogen resynthesis.

Blood Lactate Concentration and Clearance in Elite Swimmers During Competition

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. Vescovi ◽  
Olesya Falenchuk ◽  
Greg D. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Competitive Swimming ◽  
Elite Swimmers ◽  
Lactate Removal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Competitive Swimmers ◽  
Effect Of Age

Purpose:Blood lactate concentration, [BLa], after swimming events might be influenced by demographic features and characteristics of the swim race, whereas active recovery enhances blood lactate removal. Our aims were to (1) examine how sex, age, race distance, and swim stroke influenced [BLa] after competitive swimming events and (2) develop a practical model based on recovery swim distance to optimize blood lactate removal.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed postrace [BLa] from 100 swimmers who competed in the finals at the Canadian Swim Championships. [BLa] was also assessed repeatedly during the active recovery. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the relationship between postrace [BLa] with independent variables.Results:Postrace [BLa] was highest following 100–200 m events and lowest after 50 and 1500 m races. A sex effect for postrace [BLa] was observed only for freestyle events. There was a negligible effect of age on postrace [BLa]. A model was developed to estimate an expected change in [BLa] during active recovery (male = 0; female = 1): [BLa] change after active recovery = –3.374 + (1.162 × sex) + (0.789 × postrace [BLa]) + (0.003 × active recovery distance).Conclusions:These findings indicate that swimmers competing at an elite standard display similar postrace [BLa] and that there is little effect of age on postrace [BLa] in competitive swimmers aged 14 to 29 y.

Effect of Active and Passive Recovery on Blood Lactate and Performance During Simulated Competition in High Level Gymnasts

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monèm Jemni ◽  
William A. Sands ◽  
Françoise Friemel ◽  
Paul Delamarche
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Recovery Strategies ◽  
Lactate Removal ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Recovery Protocols ◽  
High Level

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two recovery strategies between men's gymnastics events on blood lactate removal (BL) and performance as rated by expert "blind" judges. Twelve male gymnasts (21.8 ± 2.4 years) participated. The sessions were composed of routine performances in the six Olympic events, which were separated by 10 min of recovery. All gymnasts performed two recovery protocols between events on separate days: Rest protocol, 10 min rest in a sitting position; combined protocol, 5 min rest and 5 min self-selected active recovery. Three blood samples were taken at 2, 5, and 10 min following each event. Gymnasts produced moderate values of BL following each of the six events (2.2 to 11.6 mmolúL−1). There was moderate variability in BL values between events that could not be accounted for by the athlete's event performance. Gymnasts showed higher BL concentration (p > .05) and significantly (p < .05) higher scoring performances (as rated by a panel of certified judges) when they used a combined recovery between gymnastics events rather than a passive recovery (ΔBL = 40.51% vs. 28.76% of maximal BL, p < .05, and total score = 47.28 ± 6.82 vs. 38.39 ± 7.55, p < .05, respectively). Key words: oxidation, removal, heart rate

Oxygen deficit and stores at onset of muscular exercise in humans

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Di Prampero ◽  
U. Boutellier ◽  
P. Pietsch
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Exercise In Humans ◽  
O2 Deficit

Single-breath O2 consumption (VO2) at the mouth and heart rate were determined in five healthy male subjects at rest, during 8 min of cycloergometric exercise (50, 100, 125, and 150 W), and in the recovery period following two experimental conditions: air breathing throughout (AA); hypoxic breathing (FIO2 = 0.11) for 6 min of preexercise rest followed by air breathing from the onset of exercise (HA). The O2 deficits and debts as well as the t 1/2 values of the VO2 on- and off-responses were determined and blood lactate concentrations measured at rest and in the recovery after 4 and 8 min of exercise. At all work loads: 1) O2 deficits were on the average 0.39 liter smaller in HA than in AA; 2) VO2 on-responses were faster in HA (t 1/2 approximately equal to 7 s) than in AA (t 1/2 = 20-30 s); and 3) O2 debts and VO2 off-responses were the same in the two conditions. Since the VO2 and heart rate levels at steady state as well as the blood lactate concentrations after 4 and 8 min of exercise were the same in AA and HA, the observed differences of O2 deficit cannot be attributed to changes of energy metabolism in the two conditions; they therefore depend on the reduction of body O2 stores at rest in HA. This, independently measured, was found to be 0.46 liters, not far from the observed O2 deficit difference (0.39 liters). Thus a decrease of O2 stores before exercise is accompanied by a reduction of the O2 deficit and faster VO2 kinetics at the onset of exercise.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Types of Recovery on Blood Lactate Removal After Maximum Exercise

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacielle Ferreira ◽  
Rodrigo Da Silva Carvalho ◽  
Thiago Barroso ◽  
Leszek Szmuchrowski ◽  
Dariusz Śledziewski
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Maximum Exercise ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Threshold Test ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Lactate Removal ◽  
The Difference

Effect of Different Types of Recovery on Blood Lactate Removal After Maximum ExerciseIntroduction. Despite physiological changes caused by immersion in liquid medium, few studies have been conducted to determine the kinetics of blood lactate removal under these conditions. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of active recovery, using a specific water bike, on the blood lactate concentration after maximum intensity exercise. Material and method. Ten healthy cycling athletes performed an Anaerobic Threshold Test by Heart Rate (HR) on a bicycle ergometer and an Anaerobic Threshold Test by Subjective Effort Perception on an aquatic bicycle ergometer. Three maximal test was performed immediately before each recovery type, in three different days: Passive Recovery on Land - PRL (horizontal position for 60 minutes), Passive Recovery in the Water - PRW (horizontal position, with the help of floats, in swimming pool for 60 minutes) and Active Recovery in the Water - ARW (the volunteer performed exercises on a water bicycle to an intensity corresponding to 85% of the intensity of LA in water, for 30 minutes, and remained in the same position of the PRW for another 30 minutes). Blood samples were collected 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes after the maximal test, for lactate analysis. Results. The [La] blood did not show the difference between the three types of recovery at 5th min. From 15th min on, the difference between the ARW and the other two types of passive recovery was significant, and the ARW showed lower values. There was no significant difference between the PRW and PRL. Conclusion. Mere immersion in water is not enough to maximize the removal of blood lactate. This study demonstrates that active recovery held in water is effective for the removal of blood lactate in cyclists.

scholarly journals Effect of self-paced active recovery and passive recovery on blood lactate removal following a 200 m freestyle swimming trial

2017 ◽  
Vol Volume 8 ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio Rabelo Mota ◽  
Renata Aparecida Elias Dantas ◽  
Iransé Oliveira-Silva ◽  
Marcelo Magalhães Sales ◽  
Rafael da Costa Sotero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Lactate Removal

Effects of Active and Passive Recovery on Muscle Oxygenation and Swimming Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1289-1296
Author(s):  
Ade B. Pratama ◽  
Tossaporn Yimlamai
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Muscle Oxygenation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Recovery Protocols

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of 3 recovery protocols on muscle oxygenation, blood lactate, and subsequent performance during a 200-m repeated swim session. Methods: Twelve collegte swimmers completed 3 sessions of 2 consecutive 200-m front-crawl trials separated by 1 of 3 recovery protocols: a 15-minute active recovery (AR), a 15-minute passive recovery (PR), and a combination of 5-minute AR and 10-minute PR (CR) in a counterbalanced design. Tissue saturation index at biceps femoris, blood lactate concentration, arterial oxygen saturation, and heart rate were measured at rest, immediately after the trial, and at 5, 10, and 15 minutes of recovery. Two-way analysis of variance (recovery × time) with repeated measures was used to determine measurement variables. A level of significance was set at P < .05. Results: No significant changes in swimming time were observed between trials (AR: 156.79 [4.09] vs 157.79 [4.23] s, CR: 156.50 [4.89] vs 155.55 [4.86] s, PR: 156.54 [4.70] vs 156.30 [4.52] s) across recovery conditions. Interestingly, tissue saturation index rapidly declined immediately after a 200-m swim and then gradually returned to baseline, with a greater value observed during CR compared with AR and PR after 15-minute recovery (P = .04). These changes were concomitant with significant reductions in blood lactate and heart rate during the recovery period (P = .00). Conclusion: The CR in the present study was more effective in enhancing muscle reoxygenation after a 200-m swim compared with AR and PR, albeit its beneficial effect on subsequent performance warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Creatine and Thiamine Supplementation on Heart Rate Recovery and Blood Lactate Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Muhammad Danial ◽  
Hari Setijono ◽  
Nining Widyah Kusnanik
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Blood Lactate Levels

The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of creatine and thiamine supplementation on heart rate recovery (HRR) and blood lactate levels. Twelve male students comprised the two experimental (creatine and thiamine) groups of the study. The creatine group was supplemented with 0,3 g per weight, with 30 ml of water per dose of creatine four times a day, at regular intervals during the day, for 6 consecutive days. The thiamine group received 10 mg per weight just one time 30 minutes after a meal with 150 ml of water at the last supplementation days. After the supplementation period, subjects completed the incremental treadmill after a dynamic warm-up that consisted of walking at 6 km/h for 3 minutes. An initial treadmill speed started with 8,64 km/h for two minutes at 0% gradient followed by an increase of 1,44 km/h every 30 s until subjects reached their volitional exhaustion. After exercise cessation subjects continued with an active recovery of 10.08 km/h for approximately 5 minutes. Heart rate (HR) was regularly assessed from the first 5 min of passive recovery. Blood lactate levels were measured in the 9th min of passive recovery. There were no statistically significant differences in heart rate recovery and blood lactate levels after supplementation, respectively (P > 0.05). Based on these results, it appears that creatine supplementation did not provide a different effect with thiamine on the recovery of heart rate and blood lactate levels.

Cardiac autonomic response during recovery using whole-body vibration after maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (Respuesta cardiaca autónoma durante la recuperación utilizando vibración de cuerpo completo, después de una prueba de ejercicio cardiopulmo

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 323-330
Author(s):  
Jorge Olivares Arancibia ◽  
Patricio Solis-Urra ◽  
Felipe Porras-López ◽  
Inti Federeci-Díaz ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test ◽  
Autonomic Response ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Education Student ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise

  In the last years the nervous and cardiovascular response to exercise has taken on an important relevance, both in sport and health field. In this line, accelerating cardiovascular appears to play a key role in various sports fields. The study aims to examine and compare the acute effect of whole-body vibration (WBV) on cardiac autonomic response after maximal exercise in university runners and physical education student. Twenty men participated in a cross-over study, 10 university runners team (UR) and 10 physical education student (PES) with ages around 18 to 24 years. In each condition, was perform an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test followed (i) active recovery time using WBV (25 Hz and peak displacement of four mm) and (ii) passive recovery period (no WBV; 0 Hz—0 mm), separated by seven days. Active recovery consisted in one minute seated using WBV and one minute no WBV by six times (12 minutes) more five minutes of passive recovery, and passive recovery consisted in 17 min seated on platform without vibration. Active recovery had significant differences compare to passive recovery (P<0.05). Furthermore, in active recovery, PES had better heart rate response than UR group, however results were not significative. There was not a clear relation between the lineal components of heart rate variability (HRV) in our results. WBV has positive effect in participant’s recovery, however, is necessary establish protocols about the intensities and time adequate for allow accelerate recovery the parasympathetic reactivity, for that reason yet can’t conclude clearly respect to the more effectivity intensity WBV depending to characteristic of subject.  Resumen. En los últimos años la respuesta nerviosa y cardiovascular al ejercicio ha adquirido una relevancia importante, tanto en el ámbito del deporte como de la salud. Por tanto, la aceleración de la recuperación cardiovascular parece desempeñar un papel clave en varios campos. El objetivo del estudio es analizar y comparar el efecto agudo de la vibración de cuerpo completo (VCC), en la respuesta cardíaca autónoma después del ejercicio máximo en corredores universitarios (CU) y estudiantes de educación física (EEF). Veinte hombres participaron en un estudio cruzado, 10 CU y 10 EEF con edades entre 18 y 24 años. En cada evaluación, se realizó una prueba cardiopulmonar incremental seguida de (i) tiempo de recuperación activa usando VCC (25 Hz y desplazamiento máx. de cuatro mm) y (ii) período de recuperación pasiva (sin VCC; 0 Hz — 0 mm), separados por siete días. La recuperación activa consistió en un minuto sentado usando WBV y un minuto sin WBV seis veces (12 min), más cinco minutos de recuperación pasiva; la recuperación pasiva y esta consistió en 17 minutos sentado en plataforma sin vibración. La recuperación activa tuvo diferencias significativas en comparación con recuperación pasiva (p <0.05). Además, en recuperación activa, EEF tuvo una mejor respuesta de frecuencia cardíaca que el grupo CU, sin embargo, los resultados no fueron significativos. Por último, no se logró establecer una relación clara entre los componentes lineales de la variabilidad del ritmo cardiaco (VRC) en nuestros resultados. La VCC tiene un efecto positivo en la recuperación de los sujetos, sin embargo, es necesario establecer protocolos sobre las intensidades y tiempo adecuado para permitir acelerar la recuperación de la reactividad parasimpática, por esa razón aún no se puede concluir claramente respecto al mejor protocolo VVC dependiendo de la característica del sujeto.

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