Physical Training of 9- to 10-Year-Old Children With Obesity to Lactate Threshold Intensity

The purpose of this study was to apply the lactate threshold concept to develop a more evidence-informed exercise program for obese children. 60 obese children (26 girls and 34 boys, age: 9–10 years, BMI: 25.4 ± 2.2kg/m2) were recruited and half of them were randomly selected to be trained for eight weeks with a controlled exercise intensity at lactate threshold. The trained children achieved significant improvements on their body composition and functional capacity compared with the control group. The findings suggested that the training program with intensity at lactate threshold is effective and safe for 9–10 year old children with obesity.

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Durability of the reproductive axis in eumenorrheic women during 1 yr of endurance training

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1992.72.4.1571 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 1571-1580 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

A. D. Rogol ◽

A. Weltman ◽

J. Y. Weltman ◽

R. L. Seip ◽

D. B. Snead ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Training Program ◽

Endurance Training ◽

Lactate Threshold ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Nutritional Intake ◽

Reproductive Axis ◽

Serum Lh ◽

Lh Release

Menstrual cycle (MC) alterations occur in some endurance-training women. We hypothesized that a prospective running program would evoke alterations in MC phase lengths and in the physiological frequency of pulses of luteinizing hormone (LH) and/or diminish 24-h integrated serum LH concentrations in some women. In addition, we postulated that women who train more intensively (above the lactate threshold) would show alterations in gonadotropin release earlier in the training program or to a greater degree. To test these hypotheses, we examined the effects of different exercise intensities on physiological and endocrine responses. Twenty-three healthy eumenorrheic gynecologically mature (postmenarchal age 17.8 +/- 0.9 yr) untrained women undertook a 1-yr training program at one of two exercise intensities, one at a velocity corresponding to the lactate threshold (LT) and the other halfway between that of LT and peak running velocity, or served as controls. Training distance was the same in each exercise group. Physiological measurements were repeated every four MC to track changes in fitness and readjust training velocities. The lengths of the MC and the follicular and luteal phases were determined from hormonal concentrations. Body composition, nutritional intake, and pulsatile release of LH were determined. The women ran approximately 790 miles. Each group improved physiologically, with the greater than LT group improving to a greater degree. A less than 2-day decrease in the luteal phase length was observed only in the greater than LT group. No significant changes for any parameter of pulsatile LH release were noted between exercise groups. No significant changes in nutritional intake and only small changes in body composition were noted in either exercise group despite the added energy expenditure of exercise. We conclude that a progressive exercise program of moderate distance and intensity does not adversely affect the robust reproductive system of gynecologically mature eumenorrheic women.

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Are palliative cancer patients willing and able to participate in a physical exercise program?

Palliative & Supportive Care ◽

10.1017/s1478951505050443 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 281-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

LINE M. OLDERVOLL ◽

JON H. LOGE ◽

HANNE PALTIEL ◽

MAY B. ASP ◽

UNNI VIDVEI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Palliative Care ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Training Program ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Physical Training ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Group Exercise ◽

Medical Problems ◽

Incurable Cancer ◽

The Individual

Objective: The primary aim of the present article was to identify palliative care patient populations who are willing to participate in and able to complete a group exercise/physical training program designed specifically for the individual patient.Method: We conducted a prospective phase II intervention study examining the willingness and ability of palliative care cancer patients to participate in a group exercise physical training program. Patients who were diagnosed with incurable cancer and had a life expectancy of less than 1 year at two outpatient clinics were invited to participate in an exercise program in the hospitals. The groups met twice a week over a 6-week period.Results: One hundred one consecutive patients were asked for inclusion. Sixty-three patients agreed to participate. Sixteen (25%) of the 63 patients dropped out after consent was given, but before the program started due to medical problems, social reasons, or death. Thus, 47 patients started the exercise program. Thirteen patients withdrew during the program due to sudden death, medical problems, or social reasons. The most frequent reasons for withdrawal were increased pain or other symptoms. Thirty-four patients completed the exercise program.Significance of results: A high proportion of incurable cancer patients were willing to participate (63%) in a structured exercise program. The attrition rate was high, but despite being severely ill, 54% of the patients completed the exercise period. This shows that a physical exercise program tailored to the individual patient is feasible in this population.

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Comparison of energy expenditure, body composition, metabolic disorders, and energy intake between obese children with a history of craniopharyngioma and children with multifactorial obesity

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2015-0167 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (11-12) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ilanit Bomer ◽

Carola Saure ◽

Carolina Caminiti ◽

Javier Gonzales Ramos ◽

Graciela Zuccaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Positive Association ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Control Group ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Obese Children ◽

Mass Percentage

AbstractCraniopharyngioma is a histologically benign brain malformation with a fundamental role in satiety modulation, causing obesity in up to 52% of patients.To evaluate cardiovascular risk factors, body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), and energy intake in craniopharyngioma patients and to compare the data with those from children with multifactorial obesity.All obese children and adolescents who underwent craniopharyngioma resection and a control group of children with multifactorial obesity in follow-up between May 2012 and April 2013.Anthropometric measurements, bioelectrical impedance, indirect calorimetry, energy intake, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and dyslipidemia were evaluated.Twenty-three patients with craniopharyngioma and 43 controls were included. Children with craniopharyngioma-related obesity had a lower fat-free mass percentage (62.4 vs. 67.5; p=0.01) and a higher fat mass percentage (37.5 vs. 32.5; p=0.01) compared to those with multifactorial obesity. A positive association was found between %REE and %fat-free mass in subjects with multifactorial obesity (68±1% in normal REE vs. 62.6±1% in low REE; p=0.04), but not in craniopharyngioma patients (62±2.7 in normal REE vs. 61.2±1.8% in low REE; p=0.8). No differences were found in metabolic involvement or energy intake.REE was lower in craniopharyngioma patients compared to children with multifactorial obesity regardless of the amount of fat-free mass, suggesting that other factors may be responsible for the lower REE.

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Effects of an Exercise Program on Body Composition, Cardiopulmonary Function, and Physical Fitness for Obese Children

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing ◽

10.4040/jkan.2007.37.4.568 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 568 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Myung Soon Kwon ◽

Kyung Sook Hwang

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Obese Children ◽

Cardiopulmonary Function

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P0960HOME BASED RESISTANCE EXERCISE PROGRAM AND SARCOPENIA IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS: IT IS A USEFUL INTERVENTION?

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p0960 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

Vicent Esteve Simó ◽

Anna Junqué Jiménez ◽

Verónica Duarte Gallego ◽

Irati Tapia González ◽

Fátima Moreno Guzmán ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Functional Capacity ◽

Muscular Strength ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Home Based

Abstract Background and Aims Sarcopenia is a skeletal muscle disorder associated with adverse outcomes including falls, physical disability and mortality particularly in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Currently, progressive resistance training exercise has been shown a proven method to treat and prevent sarcopenia. Nevertheless, these findings are poorly investigated in HD patients since exercise programs are not widespread. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of a home-based resistance exercise program (HBREP) on muscular strength, functional capacity and body composition in our hemodialysis patients with sarcopenia according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria (EWGSOP2). Method A 12 weeks single-center prospective study. HD patients from our institution with EWGSOP2 sarcopenia diagnosis were enrolled in a HBREP. Demographical an anthropometrical data, main biochemical and nutritional parameters, hand grip (HG) muscular strength, functional capacity tests: Sit to stand to seat 5 (STS5); Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), gait speed (GS), as well as body composition determined by electrical bioimpedance (BIA) and sarcopenia severity were analized. Results 18 HD patients with sarcopenia (71.4% severe) were included (4 drop out).78.6% men. Mean age 74.7 years and 53.3 months on HD. The main etiologies of ESRD were the HBP (21.4%) and DM (14.3%). Globally, a significant improvement was observed at the end of the study in relation to muscular strength (HG 19.9±6.1 vs 22.2±7.1 kg, p 0.001) and functional capacity tests (STS5 21.9±10.3 vs 17.2±9.9 sec, p 0.001; SPPB (6.9±2.3 vs 9.1±2.5 score, p 0.001 and GS 0.8±0.1 vs 0.9±0.2 m/s, p 0.015). Likewise, higher total skeletal muscle mass (SMM, 14.3±2.8 vs 14.5±2.9 kg) and SMM index (SMM/height2, 5.5±0.7 vs 5.7±0.9 Kg/m2 ) were found at the end of the study, although these differences were not significant. Finally, 2 patients (14.8%) reverse the EWGSOP2 sarcopenia criteria and 3 (21.4%) enhanced their severe sarcopenia. No relevant changes regarding anthropometrical data, main biochemical and nutritional parameters or dialysis adequacy were observed at the end of the study. Conclusion A home-based resistance exercise program improves muscular strength, functional capacity and body composition in our sarcopenic hemodialysis patients. With our results, home-based resistance exercise programs should be considered a key point in the prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle mass reduction due to sarcopenia in these patients. Further studies are mandatory to confirm our encouraging results.

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How to Improve the Functional Capacity of Frail and Pre-Frail Elderly People? Health, Nutritional Status and Exercise Intervention. The EXERNET-Elder 3.0 Project

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12156246 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (15) ◽

pp. 6246 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ángel Iván Fernández-García ◽

Alba Gómez-Cabello ◽

Ana Moradell ◽

David Navarrete-Villanueva ◽

Jorge Pérez-Gómez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Training Program ◽

Functional Capacity ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Habits ◽

Exercise Training Program ◽

Frail Elderly People

Aging is associated with the impairment of health and functional capacity, and physical exercise seems to be an effective tool in frailty prevention and treatment. The purpose of this study was to present the methodology used in the EXERNET-Elder 3.0 project that aims to evaluate the immediate and residual effects and of a multicomponent exercise training program called Elder-fit on frailty, fitness, body composition and quality of life, and also to analyse a possible dietary intake interaction according to health and metabolic status. A total of 110 frail and pre-frail elders participated in this study and were divided into a control group (CG = 52) and an intervention group (IG = 58). The IG performed a supervised multicomponent exercise training program of 6 months and 3 days per week, which included strength, endurance, balance, coordination and flexibility exercises, while the CG continued with their usual daily activities. Both groups received four speeches about healthy habits along the project. Four evaluations were performed: at baseline, after 3 months of training, at the end of the training program (6 months) and 4 months after the program had ended to examine the effects of detraining. Evaluating the efficacy, safety and feasibility of this program will help to develop efficacious physical interventions against frailty. Further, protocols should be described accurately to allow exercise programs to be successfully replicated.

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Influence of a 6-month physical training program on serum and urinary concentrations of trace metals in middle distance elite runners

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s12970-019-0322-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Maynar ◽

I. Bartolomé ◽

J. Alves ◽

G. Barrientos ◽

F. J. Grijota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Training Program ◽

Physical Training ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Time Effect ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Adaptive Responses ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Time Interaction ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Abstract Background The aim of this survey was to determine the effects of an aerobic physical training program of six months duration on the serum and urinary concentrations of essential trace elements among middle distance runners and untrained, non-sportsmen participants. Methods 24 well-trained, middle-distance (1500 and 5000 m), aerobic male runners (AG) were recruited at the beginning of their training season and 26 untrained males formed the control group (CG). All participants were from the same region of Spain, and all of them had been living in this area for at least two years. Serum and urine of samples of Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Molybdenum (Mo), Selenium (Se), Vanadium (V) and Zinc (Zn) were obtained at the beginning of the training season, and six months later, from all participants. All samples were analyzed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results Two-way ANOVA showed significant differences relative to group effect in serum concentrations of Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Se and Zn. Attending to time effect, there were differences in Mn (p = 0.003) and Zn (p = 0.001). The group x time interaction revealed differences only in the case of Mn (p = 0.04). In urine, significant differences between group were obtained in Co, Cu, Mn, Se and V. Time effect showed changes in Co, Cy, Mo and Se. Finally, the group and time interaction revealed significant differences in urinary Cu (p = 0.001), Mn (p = 0.01) and Se (p = 0.001). Conclusions A six-month aerobic training program for well-trained athletes induced modifications in the body values of several minerals, a fact which may reflect adaptive responses to physical exercise. The obtained data could be interesting for physicians or coaches in order to consider specific modifications in sportsmen’s diets as well as to determine specific nutritional supplementation strategies.

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Body Composition Changes Following a Concurrent Exercise Intervention in Perimenopausal Women: The FLAMENCO Project Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8101678 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 1678

Author(s):

Irene Coll-Risco ◽

Pedro Acosta-Manzano ◽

Milkana Borges-Cosic ◽

Daniel Camiletti-Moiron ◽

Pilar Aranda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Bone Mineral Content ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Perimenopausal Women

We assessed the effects of a 16-week primary-care-based exercise program on body composition in perimenopausal women. The women (n = 150) were randomized into control (n = 75) or exercise (n = 75) groups. Exercise was provided in a 16-week (60 min/session, 3 days/week) concurrent program. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. These are secondary analyses of the FLAMENCO Project (Clinical Trials Reference NCT02358109). In the intention-to-treat analyses, the control group showed no changes in body mass index (BMI) between post- and pre-test, whereas the exercise group showed a 0.75 kg/m2 decrease in BMI (95% CI: −1.29 to −0.22; p = 0.006). Gynoid and android fat mass in control group decreased by 98.3 g and 46.1 g after the 16 weeks, whereas they decreased by 213 g and 139 g in the exercise group, respectively (95% CI: −209 to −3.86; p = 0.042 and 95% CI: −164 to −26.9; p = 0.007, respectively). The control group decreased their pelvis bone mineral content by 2.85 g in the post-test compared with the pre-test, whereas the exercise group increased it by 1.13 g (95% CI: 0.93 to 7.81; p = 0.013). Per-protocol analyses showed similar results. These analyses suggest that the exercise intervention decreased fat depositions and BMI. Exercise might improve bone mineral content in specific areas such as the pelvis.

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Effects of Arms-Only Swimming Training on Performance, Movement Economy, and Aerobic Power

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.3.3.294 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 294-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Maria Konstantaki ◽

Edward Winter ◽

Ian Swaine

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Training Program ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

Exercise Test ◽

Aerobic Power ◽

Swimming Performance ◽

Peak Exercise ◽

Control Group ◽

Swimming Training ◽

Weekly Training

Context:Forward propulsion in freestyle swimming is predominantly achieved through arm action. Few studies have assessed the effects of arm training on arm power and swimming performance, yet there have not been any investigations on the effects of arms-only swimming training on swimming performance and physiological responses to arm exercise.Purpose:To investigate the changes in arms-only and full-stroke swimming performance, movement economy and aerobic power after an arms-only swimming training program.Methods:Fifteen male county level swimmers were assigned either to an experimental (ES, n = 8) or control group (CS, n = 7). For six weeks ES performed arms-only freestyle swimming exercises for 20% of their weekly training distance three times per week, whereas CS performed their usual swimming training. Before and after the training program, both groups performed a) two time trials, 186 m using arms-only (186ARMS) and 372 m using full-stroke (372FULL) freestyle swimming, and b) an incremental arm-pulling exercise test. The time to complete the trials was recorded. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), peak exercise intensity (EIpeak) submaximal oxygen uptake at 60 W (VO2−60) and exercise intensity at ventilatory threshold (VTW) were determined from the exercise test.Results:After training, ES had improved in 186ARMS (−14.2 ± 3.6%, P = .03), VO2−60 (−22.5 ± 2.3%, P = .04), EIpeak (+17.8 ± 4.2%, P = .03), and VTW (+18.9 ± 2.3%, P = .02), but not in VO2peak (P = .09) or in 372FULL (P = .07). None of the measures changed in CS (P > .05).Conclusion:Arms-only swimming training at 20% of the weekly training distance is an effective method to improve arm conditioning during the preparatory phase of the annual training cycle.

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