Children’s Ratings of Effort during Cycle Ergometry: An Examination of the Validity of Two Effort Rating Scales

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin L. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Cycle Ergometry ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Intraclass Correlations ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
Pearson Correlations ◽  
Effort Rating

This study assessed and compared the validity of children’s effort ratings using the established Borg 6–20 Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale and a recently devised Children’s Effort Rating Table (CERT) during continuous cycle ergometry. Seventy school children were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Group 1 (RPE) and Group 2 (CERT). Both groups received two incremental exercise trials (Trial 1 and Trial 2) 7 days apart. For both scales, data analysis yielded significant (p < .01) Pearson correlations between perceived effort ratings and heart rate (HR) (rs ≥ .50) and perceived effort and absolute power outputs (rs ≥ .59). Moreover, correlations for CERT were consistently higher than for RPE. Test-retest intraclass correlations of R = .91 (CERT) and R = .90 (RPE) revealed that both scales were reliable. These data suggest that among preadolescent children the traditional scale (RPE) is not the only, nor indeed the best, option for monitoring perceived exertion during controlled exercise.

Exercise Regulation during Cycle Ergometry Using the Children’s Effort Rating Table (CERT) and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Scales

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin L. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycle Ergometry ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Specific Exercise ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Intraclass Correlations ◽  
Effort Rating

This study examined the validity and reliability of the Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale and the Children’s Effort Rating Table (CERT) as methods of regulating exercise intensity during discontinuous cycle ergometry. Sixty-four school children (ages 9–10) were randomly assigned to one of two groups, RPE or CERT, and received two trials 7 days apart. On both occasions, subjects produced 4 × 4-min scale-specific exercise intensities—3, 5, 7, and 9 (CERT) or 8, 12, 15, and 18 (RPE)—interspersed with 2-min rest periods. Analyses yielded significant (p < .01) correlations between perceived effort levels and objective measures: r = .47 to .61 (heart rate) and r = .59 to .75 (power output). Intraclass correlations indicated satisfactory overall repeatability of the produced exercise intensities (R > .70), but some notable inconsistencies were observed. The usefulness of effort perception scales among preadolescent children is presently rather limited, probably due to a number of confounding factors that need to be systematically addressed.

An Assessment of the Validity and Reliability of Two Perceived Exertion Rating Scales among Hong Kong Children

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1047-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mee-Lee Leung ◽  
Pak-Kwong Chung ◽  
Raymond W. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Effort Rating

This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the Chinese-translated (Cantonese) versions of the Borg 6–20 Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale and the Children's Effort Rating Table (CERT) during continuous incremental cycle ergometry with 10- to 11-yr.-old Hong Kong school children. A total of 69 children were randomly assigned, with the restriction of groups being approximately equal, to two groups using the two scales, CERT ( n = 35) and RPE ( n = 34). Both groups performed two trials of identical incremental continuous cycling exercise (Trials 1 and 2) 1 wk. apart for the reliability test. Objective measures of exercise intensity (heart rate, absolute power output, and relative oxygen consumption) and the two subjective measures of effort were obtained during the exercise. For both groups, significant Pearson correlations were found for perceived effort ratings correlated with heart rate ( rs ≥ .69), power output ( rs ≥ .75), and oxygen consumption ( rs ≥ .69). In addition, correlations for CERT were consistently higher than those for RPE. High test-retest intraclass correlations were found for both the effort ( R = .96) and perceived exertion ( R = 89) groups, indicating that the scales were reliable. In conclusion, the CERT and RPE scales, when translated into Cantonese, are valid and reliable measures of exercise intensity during controlled exercise by children. The Effort rating may be better than the Perceived Exertion scale as a measure of perceived exertion that can be more validly and reliably used with Hong Kong children.

Electromyographic, Mechanomyographic, And Metabolic Responses During Cycle Ergometry At A Constant Rating Of Perceived Exertion.

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 787
Author(s):  
Kristen Cochrane ◽  
Terry Housh ◽  
Nathaniel D.M. Jenkins ◽  
Haley C. Bergstrom ◽  
Cory M. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycle Ergometry ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Metabolic Responses

Metabolic parameters for ramp versus step incremental cycle ergometer tests

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1110-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge M. Zuniga ◽  
Terry J. Housh ◽  
Clayton L. Camic ◽  
Haley C Bergstrom ◽  
Daniel A. Traylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Common ◽  
Power Outputs

The purpose of this study was to examine mean differences and the patterns of responses for oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O2), heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) for ramp (15 W·min–1) versus step (30 W increments every 2 min) incremental cycle ergometer tests. Fourteen subjects (age and body mass of 23.2 ± 3.1 (mean ± SD ) years and 71.1 ± 10.1 kg, respectively) visited the laboratory on separate occasions. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs with appropriate follow-up procedures, as well as paired t tests, were used to analyze the data. In addition, polynomial regression analyses were used to determine the patterns of responses for each dependent variable for the ramp and step tests. The ramp protocol resulted in lower mean [Formula: see text]O2 and HR values at the common power outputs than the step protocol with no differences in RPE. The increased amount of work performed during the step (total work = 75.83 kJ) versus ramp (total work = 65.60 kJ) tests at the common power outputs may have contributed to the greater [Formula: see text]O2 and HR values. The polynomial regression analyses showed that most subjects had the same patterns of responses for the ramp and step incremental tests for HR (86%) and RPE (93%) but different patterns for [Formula: see text]O2 (71%). The findings from the present study suggested that the protocol selection for an incremental cycle ergometer test can affect the mean values for [Formula: see text]O2 and HR, as well as the [Formula: see text]O2 – power output relationship.

scholarly journals The Feasibility of Implementing Aerobic Interval Training in Cardiac Rehabilitation Settings: A Retrospective Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley Way ◽  
Sol Vidal-Almela ◽  
Marja-Leena Keast ◽  
Harleen Hans ◽  
Andrew L. Pipe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Aerobic Interval Training

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Notwithstanding the well-known benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), adherence to CR remains low, particularly in women. Aerobic interval training (AIT) has received specific attention as an emerging exercise-training paradigm that addresses frequently cited barriers to CR (i.e. lack of motivation/enjoyment and time, perceiving exercise regime as tiring/boring) and improves cardiovascular risk factors. Previous studies have examined the safety of AIT in CR settings; there is little evidence on the feasibility of AIT in CR. The aims of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of AIT within a CR setting and examine the sex differences regarding the feasibility of such programming. Methods: Patients attended an on-site AIT CR program (10-minute warm-up, 25 minutes of interspersed high [HI - 4 minutes at 85-95% HRpeak] and low [LO - 3 minutes at 60-70% HRpeak] intervals, 10-minute cool-down) twice weekly for 10 weeks. Heart rate (HR) and the Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale were recorded at each session. Feasibility was assessed by: (1) attendance and compliance: the number of sessions attended and the compliance to the prescribed HI and LO HR ranges; (2) the patient experience: patients’ perceived effort, program difficulty, if the program was challenging and satisfying; and, (3) safety. Descriptive statistics were used to report the means and their variations. Mann-Whitney U tests and Chi-square analyses were performed to examine sex-differences. Results: A total of 160 patients (33% women, 67% men, 57.2 ± 9.6 years) attended the AIT program and completed 16±5 classes with a low attrition rate (11.3%). Most patients met or exceeded the prescribed target HR for the HI (80%) and LO (84%) intervals, respectively. Patients reported a “somewhat hard” RPE for HI (14±1) and “very light” for LO (10±2) intervals. All patients were satisfied with the program and found it challenging. Most patients found AIT to be difficult (7±2), yet safe (97%). Three vasovagal episodes occurred and more women dropped-out of the program than men (p<0.01). Conclusions: AIT is a feasible, safe and well-received exercise paradigm in a CR setting.

Cert: A Perceived Exertion Scale for Young Children

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1451-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Williams ◽  
Roger Eston ◽  
Beryl Furlong
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Perception Of Effort ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Validation Research ◽  
Effort Rating

This paper describes the rationale for the Children's Effort Rating Table (CERT) designed for assessing perceived exertion by children aged 6 to 9 years. This device is similar to Borg's Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) which is internationally recognized and currently used in conjunction with standard metabolic measures in a wide range of settings where exercise is prescribed and the intensity of various forms of physical activity is regulated by adults. We devised CERT for use in our research on the development of perception of effort by younger children. Some validation research on CERT has been completed.

scholarly journals Perceived effort of funtional activities after a period of mechanical ventilation

2002 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Roos ◽  
H. Van Aswegen ◽  
C. J. Eales
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Subjective Rating ◽  
Borg Scale ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Functional Exercise

A case report to assess exercise testing post-mechanical ventilation, using functional activities while monitoring changes in the physiological parameters and subjective rating of perceived exertion.  The case report subject was able to use the Modified Borg Scale to report  her perception of perceived exertion during functional exercise testing.  An increase in heart rate, respiratory rate and Modified Borg Scale rating was noted on progression through the exercise test.  Difficulty was experienced with subject follow-up due to discharged from hospital as soon as the patient was considered to be medically stable.  The subject was unable to complete the functional exercise test before discharge.

scholarly journals Physiological and Perceptual Responses to Self-Selected Exercise Pace on A Track Versus Treadmill

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riley Galloway, Ph.D. ◽  
Robert Booker, M.S. ◽  
Hunter Haynes, M.S. ◽  
Megan Holmes, Ph.D. ◽  
Jacob Gdovin, Ph.D.
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Exercise Modality ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: To investigate differences between a controlled and non-controlled exercise modality when walking and running at self-selected pace. Methods: Male and female participants (N=30, 21.07±0.88 years of age) engaged in four sessions testing V̇O2max, one-mile walk and run on an indoor track, and one-mile walk and run on a laboratory treadmill. With a significance level set at p<0.05, the following results were found. Results: Walking and running heart rate and rating of perceived exertion were significantly higher on the treadmill compared to the track (p<0.05). However, energy expenditure showed no significant difference between exercise modality (p=0.611). Treadmill exercise resulted in higher V̇O2 values for males during both walk and run pace (p=0.041 and p=0.002, respectively). Conclusions: Exercise programming is an individualized process which should consider differences among modalities, settings, and affective responses. We observed an increased perceived effort during treadmill exercise while maintaining similar energy expenditure. The provisions of autonomy and individuality may decrease perceived effort while maintaining energy expenditure, thus providing positive affective responses promoting adherence. With these differences between modalities in mind, exercise professionals should consider appropriate adjustments to intensity when targeting specific adaptations. These adjustments may also influence adherence to a prescribed program.

scholarly journals On Performance and Perceived Effort in Trail Runners Using Sensor Control to Generate Biosynchronous Music

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4528
Author(s):  
Duncan Williams ◽  
Bruno Fazenda ◽  
Victoria Williamson ◽  
György Fazekas
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Wearable Sensor ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Sensor Control ◽  
Improved Performance

Music has been shown to be capable of improving runners’ performance in treadmill and laboratory-based experiments. This paper evaluates a generative music system, namely HEARTBEATS, designed to create biosignal synchronous music in real-time according to an individual athlete’s heartrate or cadence (steps per minute). The tempo, melody, and timbral features of the generated music are modulated according to biosensor input from each runner using a combination of PPG (Photoplethysmography) and GPS (Global Positioning System) from a wearable sensor, synchronized via Bluetooth. We compare the relative performance of athletes listening to music with heartrate and cadence synchronous tempos, across a randomized trial (N = 54) on a trail course with 76 ft of elevation. Participants were instructed to continue until their self-reported perceived effort went beyond an 18 using the Borg rating of perceived exertion. We found that cadence-synchronous music improved performance and decreased perceived effort in male runners. For female runners, cadence synchronous music improved performance but it was heartrate synchronous music which significantly reduced perceived effort and allowed them to run the longest of all groups tested. This work has implications for the future design and implementation of novel portable music systems and in music-assisted coaching.

Use of the Rating of Perceived Exertion to Control Exercise Intensity in Children

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Williams ◽  
Roger G. Eston ◽  
Clare Stretch
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Heart Rate Data ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Graded Exercise Test ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Control Exercise

This study examined the ability of 40 children (20 boys and 20 girls), ages 11 to 14 years, to regulate the intensity of their effort using perceived effort ratings during cycling. The Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion 6 to 20 Scale was learned and used as a perceptual frame of reference. Maximal oxygen uptake and power output were predicted from telemetered heart rate data collected during a submaximal graded exercise test. Subjects were then fully familiarized with the RPE scale and attended three consecutive sessions of cycling during which they adjusted the workloads themselves so as to produce effort intensities for scale ratings of 9 (very light), 13 (somewhat hard), and 17 (very hard). Heart rates were sampled during the final half minute of each session and the data were submitted to a mixed factorial analysis of variance. This showed highly significant differences (p<.001) between the three RPE levels but no significant effects for age, gender, or trials. It was concluded that the RPE is readily learned by older children and adolescents and is a potentially useful frame of reference when self-regulating effort intensity during vigorous exercise.

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