scholarly journals The Feasibility of Implementing Aerobic Interval Training in Cardiac Rehabilitation Settings: A Retrospective Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley Way ◽  
Sol Vidal-Almela ◽  
Marja-Leena Keast ◽  
Harleen Hans ◽  
Andrew L. Pipe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Aerobic Interval Training

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Notwithstanding the well-known benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), adherence to CR remains low, particularly in women. Aerobic interval training (AIT) has received specific attention as an emerging exercise-training paradigm that addresses frequently cited barriers to CR (i.e. lack of motivation/enjoyment and time, perceiving exercise regime as tiring/boring) and improves cardiovascular risk factors. Previous studies have examined the safety of AIT in CR settings; there is little evidence on the feasibility of AIT in CR. The aims of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of AIT within a CR setting and examine the sex differences regarding the feasibility of such programming. Methods: Patients attended an on-site AIT CR program (10-minute warm-up, 25 minutes of interspersed high [HI - 4 minutes at 85-95% HRpeak] and low [LO - 3 minutes at 60-70% HRpeak] intervals, 10-minute cool-down) twice weekly for 10 weeks. Heart rate (HR) and the Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale were recorded at each session. Feasibility was assessed by: (1) attendance and compliance: the number of sessions attended and the compliance to the prescribed HI and LO HR ranges; (2) the patient experience: patients’ perceived effort, program difficulty, if the program was challenging and satisfying; and, (3) safety. Descriptive statistics were used to report the means and their variations. Mann-Whitney U tests and Chi-square analyses were performed to examine sex-differences. Results: A total of 160 patients (33% women, 67% men, 57.2 ± 9.6 years) attended the AIT program and completed 16±5 classes with a low attrition rate (11.3%). Most patients met or exceeded the prescribed target HR for the HI (80%) and LO (84%) intervals, respectively. Patients reported a “somewhat hard” RPE for HI (14±1) and “very light” for LO (10±2) intervals. All patients were satisfied with the program and found it challenging. Most patients found AIT to be difficult (7±2), yet safe (97%). Three vasovagal episodes occurred and more women dropped-out of the program than men (p<0.01). Conclusions: AIT is a feasible, safe and well-received exercise paradigm in a CR setting.

scholarly journals The Feasibility of Implementing High-Intensity Interval Training in Cardiac Rehabilitation Settings: A Retrospective Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley Way ◽  
Sol Vidal-Almela ◽  
Marja-Leena Keast ◽  
Harleen Hans ◽  
Andrew L. Pipe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Notwithstanding the well-known benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), adherence to CR remains low, particularly in women. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has received specific attention as an emerging exercise-training paradigm that addresses frequently cited barriers to CR (i.e. lack of motivation/enjoyment and time, perceiving exercise regime as tiring/boring) and improves cardiovascular risk factors. Previous studies have examined the safety of HIIT in CR; there is little evidence on the feasibility of HIIT in CR. The aims of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of HIIT within a CR setting and examine the sex differences regarding the feasibility of such programming. Methods: Patients attended an on-site HIIT CR program (10-minute warm-up, 25 minutes of interspersed high [HI - 4 minutes at 85-95% HRpeak] and low [LO - 3 minutes at 60-70% HRpeak] intervals, 10-minute cool-down) twice weekly for 10 weeks. Heart rate (HR) and the Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale (6-20 points) were recorded at each session. Feasibility was assessed by: (1) attendance and compliance: the number of sessions attended and the compliance to the prescribed HI and LO HR ranges; (2) the patient experience: patients’ perceived effort, program difficulty, if the program was challenging and satisfying; and, (3) safety. Descriptive statistics were used to report the means and their variations. Mann-Whitney U tests and Chi-square analyses were performed to examine sex-differences. Results: A total of 151 patients (33% women, 57.5 ± 9.1 years) attended the HIIT program and completed 16±5 classes with a low attrition rate (11.3%). Most patients met or exceeded the prescribed target HR for the HI (80%) and LO (84%) intervals, respectively. Patients reported a “somewhat hard” RPE for HI (14 ± 2) and “very light” for LO (10 ± 2) intervals. All patients were satisfied with the program and found it challenging. Most patients found HIIT to be difficult (7 ± 2 points, scale range 0-10 points), yet safe (97%). Three vasovagal episodes occurred and more women dropped-out of the program than men (p<0.01). Conclusions: HIIT is a feasible, safe and well-received exercise paradigm in a CR setting.

scholarly journals Characteristics of structured physical training currently provided in cardiac patients: insights from the Exercise Training in Cardiac Rehabilitation (ETCR) Italian survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Ambrosetti ◽  
Patrick Doherty ◽  
Pompilio Faggiano ◽  
Ugo Corrà ◽  
Carlo Vigorito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Training Interval ◽  
Training Modalities

<p>BACKGROUND.  Uncertainty exists about current delivery levels of exercise training (ET) during Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) programmes. AIM OF THE STUDY. To evaluate ET modalities in the real world of CR facilities in Italy. METHODS. This was an observational survey of aggregate data, collected from CR facilities on a voluntary basis. Snapshots of a single working day at a local site were made, in terms of characteristics of patients and ET programmes delivered. RESULTS. Overall, 612 patients from 26 CR units were included, with an in-patient vs. out-patient ratio of 3:1. Coronary artery disease (57.6%), heart failure (20.3%), and valve disease/surgery (22.1%) were the most represented target groups. The prevalence of endurance continuous training, interval training, and resistance/strength training was 66.7%, 11.1%, and 9.0%; other non-aerobic endurance and non-resistance training modalities such as respiratory muscle training and calisthenics were reported in 39.9% and 42.9% of cases respectively. Workloads for endurance exercise training were determined by cardiopulmonary test, conventional 12-leads ECG exercise testing, 6min-walking test, theoretical determination of heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion in 9%, 8%, 27%, 9%, and 40% of cases respectively. The average duration of the programmes (on an intention to treat basis) was 25 sessions of 42±11  minutes, with a frequency of &gt;4 sessions/week in 67% of patients. CONCLUSIONS. Despite advances in CR interventions, there is a significant need for improvement of functional evaluation and exercise training prescription, and consideration of a wider range of training modalities in Italy. </p>

Time Spent Near V˙O2max During Different Cycling Self-Paced Interval Training Protocols

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Cristiano Dall’ Agnol ◽  
Tiago Turnes ◽  
Ricardo Dantas De Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Exercise Duration ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Recovery Ratio ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Work Recovery

Purpose: Cyclists may increase exercise intensity by prolonging exercise duration and/or shortening the recovery period during self-paced interval training, which could impact the time spent near . Thus, the main objective of this study was to compare the time spent near during 4 different self-paced interval training sessions. Methods: After an incremental test, 11 cyclists (mean [SD]: age = 34.4 [6.2] y; ) performed in a randomized order 4 self-paced interval training sessions characterized by a work–recovery ratio of 4:1 or 2:1. Sessions comprised 4 repetitions of 4 minutes of cycling with 1 minute (4/1) or 2 minutes (4/2) of active recovery or 8 minutes of cycling with 2 minutes (8/2) or 4 minutes (8/4) of active recovery. Time spent at 90% to 94% (), ≥95% (), and 90% to 100% () was analyzed in absolute terms and relative to the total work duration. Power output, heart rate, blood lactate, and rating of perceived exertion were compared. Results: The 8/4 session provided higher absolute and than 8/2 (P = .015 and .029) and 4/1 (P = .002 and .047). The 4/2 protocol elicited higher relative (47.7% [26.9%]) and (23.5% [22.7%]) than 4/1 (P = .015 and .028) and 8/2 (P < .01). Session 4/2 (275 [23] W) elicited greater mean power output (P < .01) than 4/1 (261 [27] W), 8/4 (250 [25] W), and 8/2 (234 [23] W). Conclusions: Self-paced interval training composed of 4-minute and 8-minute work periods efficiently elicit , but protocols with a work–recovery ratio of 2:1 (ie, 4/2 and 8/4) could be prioritized to maximize .

Does the musical tempo enhance physical performance?

2020 ◽  
pp. 030573562090477
Author(s):  
Jorge A Aburto-Corona ◽  
J A de Paz ◽  
José Moncada-Jiménez ◽  
Bryan Montero-Herrera ◽  
Luis M Gómez-Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Musical Tempo

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the musical tempo on heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and distance run (DR) during a treadmill aerobic test in young male and female adults. Participants ran on the treadmill listening to music at 140 beats per minute (bpm; M140), 120 bpm (M120), or without music (NM). No significant sex differences were found on HR (M140 = 172.6 ± 12.7, M120 = 171.9 ± 11.1, NM = 170.1 ± 12.2 bpm, p = .312), RPE (M140 = 7.5 ± 1.4, M120 = 7.6 ± 1.3, NM = 7.6 ± 1.2, p = .931), or DR (M140 = 4,791.4 ± 2,681.1, M120 = 4,900.0 ± 2,916.9, NM = 4,356.1 ± 2,571.2 m, p = .715). Differences were found in the effect of tempo on HR between condition M140 and NM (172.6 ± 12.7 vs. 170.1 ± 12.2 bpm, p = .044, η2 = 0.32). In conclusion, musical tempo does not affect performance, physiological, or perceptual variables in young adults exercising on a treadmill at a constant speed.

scholarly journals The effect of low- vs high-cadence interval training on the freely chosen cadence and performance in endurance-trained cyclists

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 666-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony G. Whitty ◽  
Aron J. Murphy ◽  
Aaron J. Coutts ◽  
Mark L. Watsford
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Cadence

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of high- and low-cadence interval training on the freely chosen cadence (FCC) and performance in endurance-trained cyclists. Sixteen male endurance-trained cyclists completed a series of submaximal rides at 60% maximal power (Wmax) at cadences of 50, 70, 90, and 110 r·min−1, and their FCC to determine their preferred cadence, gross efficiency (GE), rating of perceived exertion, and crank torque profile. Performance was measured via a 15-min time trial, which was preloaded with a cycle at 60% Wmax. Following the testing, the participants were randomly assigned to a high-cadence (HC) (20% above FCC) or a low-cadence (LC) (20% below FCC) group for 18 interval-based training sessions over 6 weeks. The HC group increased their FCC from 92 to 101 r·min−1 after the intervention (p = 0.01), whereas the LC group remained unchanged (93 r·min−1). GE increased from 22.7% to 23.6% in the HC group at 90 r·min−1 (p = 0.05), from 20.0% to 20.9% at 110 r·min−1 (p = 0.05), and from 22.8% to 23.2% at their FCC. Both groups significantly increased their total distance and average power output following training, with the LC group recording a superior performance measure. There were minimal changes to the crank torque profile in both groups following training. This study demonstrated that the FCC can be altered with HC interval training and that the determinants of the optimal cycling cadence are multifactorial and not completely understood. Furthermore, LC interval training may significantly improve time-trial results of short duration as a result of an increase in strength development or possible neuromuscular adaptations.

Effects of Varying Post-Warm-Up Recovery Time on 200-m Time-Trial Swim Performance

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Zochowski ◽  
Elizabeth Johnson ◽  
Gordon G. Sleivert
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Swimming Time ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Trial Performance

Context:Warm-up before athletic competition might enhance performance by affecting various physiological parameters. There are few quantitative data available on physiological responses to the warm-up, and the data that have been reported are inconclusive. Similarly, it has been suggested that varying the recovery period after a standardized warm-up might affect subsequent performance.Purpose:To determine the effects of varying post-warm-up recovery time on a subsequent 200-m swimming time trial.Methods:Ten national-caliber swimmers (5 male, 5 female) each swam a 1500-m warm-up and performed a 200-m time trial of their specialty stroke after either 10 or 45 min of passive recovery. Subjects completed 1 time trial in each condition separated by 1 wk in a counterbalanced order. Blood lactate and heart rate were measured immediately after warm-up and 3 min before, immediately after, and 3 min after the time trial. Rating of perceived exertion was measured immediately after the warm-up and time trial.Results:Time-trial performance was significantly improved after 10 min as opposed to 45 min recovery (136.80 ± 20.38 s vs 138.69 ± 20.32 s, P < .05). There were no significant differences between conditions for heart rate and blood lactate after the warm-up. Pre-time-trial heart rate, however, was higher in the 10-min than in the 45-min rest condition (109 ± 14 beats/min vs 94 ± 21 beats/min, P < .05).Conclusions:A post-warm-up recovery time of 10 min rather than 45 min is more beneficial to 200-m swimming time-trial performance.

scholarly journals Exercise Prescription Techniques in Cardiac Rehabilitation Centers in Midwest States

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean O'Neil ◽  
Andrew Thomas ◽  
Ryan Pettit-Mee ◽  
Katie Pelletier ◽  
Mary Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a primary prescribed treatment for a variety of cardiovascular disease states, including: coronary artery disease, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), myocardial infarction (MI), and heart failure. For this reason, exercise prescription guidelines for cardiac patients have been established. However, it is unclear how these guidelines are being administered at cardiac rehabilitation centers. The purpose of this study is to assess current exercise prescription techniques at cardiac rehabilitation clinics across several Midwest states in the United States. Methods: Fifty-eight CR programs from Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Ohio were administered a questionnaire assessing clinic characteristics, aerobic and resistance exercise prescription techniques. Results: Most reported patient types were PCI, CABG, and MI. Clinical exercise physiologists were the primary exercise prescription writers (81%). Only 32% of the clinics required a clinical certification. Baseline stress tests prior to CR were performed in 33% of programs. Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) was the most commonly used indicator of exercise intensity, followed by heart rate reserve (HRR), and METs. Resistance exercise was practiced in 89% of CR programs. The most common intensity indicator was trial and error, and RPE. Conclusion: Results demonstrate exercise prescription variability among CR programs. This emphasizes the complexity and expertise among clinical exercise physiologists. These results also highlight the importance that academic programs place on training students across all prescription techniques, and utilization of research-based prescription guidelines published by professional organizations.

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