Emotions, Perceived Qualities, and Performance of Rugby Players

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina D’Urso ◽  
Andreina Petrosso ◽  
Claudio Robazza
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Performance Profiling ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Predicting Performance ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
Emotion Model ◽  
External Events ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rugby Players

This study was mainly designed to contrast the Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOF) emotion model and the performance profiling approach in predicting performance of rugby players based on normative, individualized, situational, and relatively stable characteristics. Pregame assessments were accomplished in 33 male Italian rugby players of a top-level team over a whole championship, and individual interviews were conducted at the end of the season. Performance differentiation and discrimination between athletes were reached on relatively stable qualities (i.e., constructs), according to predictions within the performance profile framework. Study findings also revealed that emotions modify widely during the game because of external events (e.g., behaviors of teammates or opponents) or individual behaviors (e.g., individual faults). In conclusion, findings add support to the contention that extending the IZOF model to other physical or performance related components would require situational rather than relatively stable qualities. On the other hand, the concept of zones extended to constructs seems beneficial for practical purposes.

Fear of Success, Sex-Role Orientation, and Performance in Differing Experimental Conditions

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varda Konstam ◽  
Harry B. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
White Female ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Fear Of Success ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Predicting Performance ◽  
Word Task ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual

The study was undertaken to explore the theoretical differences between Pappo and Horner, in regard to the significance of the variables of sex-role orientation of the individual and sex-role orientation of the task, in predicting performance of females high in fear of success. Subjects were 227 white female high school sophomores and juniors. It was hypochesized that with feedback of success on a task which was deemed sex-role inappropriate, individuals high in fear of success, who demonstrate a traditional sex-role orientation, would manifest smaller increments or larger decrements in performance between Scrambled Word Tasks II and I. Feedback of success-nonsuccess, sex-role orientation, and fear of success were not effective in predicting differences in performance on the Scrambled Word Task. The defensive patterns postulated by Pappo to be characteristic of the high fear of success individual were upheld.

Confidence and choral configuration: The affective impact of situational and acoustic factors in amateur choirs

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 628-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Bonshor
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Choral Ensembles ◽  
Verbal Data ◽  
Performance Ability ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Affective Impact

This article reports a qualitative study investigating the factors affecting confidence levels amongst adult amateur choral singers. Three focus groups (involving a total of 18 participants) and 16 individual interviews were carried out with experienced choral singers, and over 40 hours of recorded verbal data were collected. The research aims were to explore the lived experience of choral singers; to examine the main influences on choral singers’ perceptions of their voices and performance ability; to identify factors affecting their confidence as choral singers; to extrapolate confidence-building strategies for amateur choral singers. One of the major emergent themes was choir configuration, which encompassed the spacing between singers, the layout of the choir, the position of the individual singer within the choir, and the position of the choir within the venue. All of these elements reportedly had effects upon the confidence of choral singers during rehearsal and performance. These findings have practical implications for leaders of amateur choral ensembles, as choir configuration may be used as one of the tools for building collective and individual choral confidence.

scholarly journals Barriers, Attitudes, and Influences Towards Dietary Intake Amongst Elite Rugby Union Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Sharples ◽  
Stuart D. Galloway ◽  
D. Baker ◽  
Brett Smith ◽  
Katherine Black
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Sport Nutrition ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Meal Planning ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Rugby Players

Background: Dietary intakes can impact an athletes health and performance. Although evidence exists about what an athlete should eat, an athlete's nutritional intake is influenced by many factors. The limited research available suggests the main barriers preventing optimal nutritional intakes reported by athletes are lack of time, food accessibility, poor cooking skills, costs, taste, and time spent in “off-season.” Although these factors have been shown to influence dietary intake they remain relatively unexplored in Rugby Union. This study aimed to describe the nutritional influences on dietary intake amongst Rugby Union player's.Methods: This was a qualitative study utilising in person individual interviews with all participants. Participants were Rugby Union players (n = 30) for either a Super Rugby franchise or one of their development squads in New Zealand. Participant's undertook recorded face to face interviews, which were later transcribed. A thematic approach was used to code the transcripts by the primary coder and the themes were subsequently evaluated by the research team.Results: Childhood upbringing, organisational skills, time and food security also emerged as barriers. Body composition and sport nutrition knowledge emerged as both barriers and enablers to nutritional intake. Influence on performance was an enabler to optimal dietary intake. Fully professional rugby players have access to dietitians, whereas development and semi-professional rugby players only have limited if any access, and they were more likely to seek nutritional information via social media.Conclusion: This study suggests a need for greater nutrition education at developmental levels with an emphasis on affordable food choices, meal planning and skills for interpreting online nutrition information.

Effects of Cooperation and Competition on Performance, Emotion, and Effort: Goal and Means Interdependence

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Christopher Ring ◽  
Maria Kavussanu ◽  
Andrew Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Individual Performance ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Task Structure ◽  
Social Interdependence ◽  
Interdependence Theory ◽  
Social Interdependence Theory ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual

Social interdependence theory proposes that task structure influences performance via social interaction. Using this framework, we examined sport performance. Fifty-six males performed a basketball task under four conditions: as an individual (individual, perform your best) and as a member of a team of two (cooperation, where teammates sought to better their individual performance; means independent competition, where two teams competed sequentially to outperform the other team; means interdependent competition, where two teams competed simultaneously to outperform the other team). Task performance (points) was better during means independent competition than other conditions. Anxiety and effort peaked during the competitions and enjoyment was greater during competition and cooperation than during the individual condition. Emotions, effort, and actions are discussed as explanations for the performance effects. Social interdependence theory provides a valuable framework to understand emotion, motivation, and performance. Team competition can be used to promote effort and enhance performance in sport.

scholarly journals Switching from petro-plastics to microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA): the biotechnological escape route of choice out of the plastic predicament?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Koller
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Escape Route ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Ecological Performance ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The benefit of biodegradable “green plastics” over established synthetic plastics from petro-chemistry, namely their complete degradation and safe disposal, makes them attractive for use in various fields, including agriculture, food packaging, and the biomedical and pharmaceutical sector. In this context, microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are auspicious biodegradable plastic-like polyesters that are considered to exert less environmental burden if compared to polymers derived from fossil resources. The question of environmental and economic superiority of bio-plastics has inspired innumerable scientists during the last decades. As a matter of fact, bio-plastics like PHA have inherent economic drawbacks compared to plastics from fossil resources; they typically have higher raw material costs, and the processes are of lower productivity and are often still in the infancy of their technical development. This explains that it is no trivial task to get down the advantage of fossil-based competitors on the plastic market. Therefore, the market success of biopolymers like PHA requires R&D progress at all stages of the production chain in order to compensate for this disadvantage, especially as long as fossil resources are still available at an ecologically unjustifiable price as it does today. Ecological performance is, although a logical argument for biopolymers in general, not sufficient to make industry and the society switch from established plastics to bio-alternatives. On the one hand, the review highlights that there’s indeed an urgent necessity to switch to such alternatives; on the other hand, it demonstrates the individual stages of the production chain, which need to be addressed to make PHA competitive in economic, environmental, ethical, and performance-related terms. In addition, it is demonstrated how new, smart PHA-based materials can be designed, which meet the customer’s expectations when applied, e.g., in the biomedical or food packaging sector.

The Design and Testing of Novel IEC 60601-1-8 Audible Alarms

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 641-642
Author(s):  
Judy Edworthy ◽  
Scott Reid ◽  
Siné McDougall ◽  
Jonathan Edworthy ◽  
Stephanie Hall
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Equipment Safety ◽  
Pitch Pattern ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Pattern Number ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Design And Testing ◽  
Alarm Sounds ◽  
Single Set

IEC 60601-1-8 is a medical alarms standard concerned with equipment safety. Part of its content specifies a set of audible alarms for eight clinical functions: cardiovascular, drug administration, oxygen, artificial perfusion, power down, temperature, ventilation and a general sound, along with a medium- and a low-priority alarm. It has long been acknowledged that the alarms specified are difficult to learn and retain , (Atyeo and Sanderson 2015; Edworthy, Page, et al, 2014; Lacherez, Seah & Sanderson, 2007; Sanderson, Wee & Lacherez 2006; Wee and Sanderson 2008). The alarm sounds require updating. The project reported here is concerned with developing candidate sets of alarms aimed at replacing those currently specified in IEC 60601-1-8. Four prototype sets of alarms were designed for the eight functions specified in the standard. These were as follows: Word rhythms: Each alarm contains a large number of harmonics and the eight alarms vary in pitch pattern, number of pulses and rhythm where those patterns mimic the words of the functions (so for example the ‘Cardiovascular’ alarm possesses 6 pulses and contains stresses on the first and fourth pulses). Auditory icons: These are real-world sounds that are used as metaphors for the functions. So for example the cardiovascular alarm is a heartbeat-like sound, the “Oxygenation” sound is an aerosol sound and so on. Auditory icons with beacon: Same as the Auditory icons but possesses a short beacon at the start of the sound in order to signify that it is an alarm sound. Resilient: These sounds are simple metaphors (such as a rising pitch for temperature) created at a sampling rate of 8kHz, intended for use in equipment with poor acoustic reproduction. A fifth set, IEC, is the set currently specified in the standard and was also tested for comparison. Participants were tested on a single set of alarms. Once they had been told the meanings of the eight alarms, they were presented with each of them ten times in a block-randomised fashion, and were required to name the alarm. Analysis of variance on the correct/incorrect scores considered the effect of sound type (IEC, word rhythm, auditory icons, auditory icons plus beacon, resilient), block (blocks 1 to 10) and sound (the individual alarm sounds) on the number of correct responses. Each of these factors showed significant effects, as well as some interactions. The largest effect by a considerable margin was attributable to sound type. Performance was significantly lower for the IEC condition than any of the other conditions; performance for the word rhythm condition was significantly higher than for the IEC condition but significantly lower than the other three conditions; performance in the resilient condition was significantly higher than for both the IEC and the word rhythm conditions but significantly lower than in the auditory icons conditions; and performance in the auditory icons and the auditory icons plus beacon conditions was significantly higher than in all other conditions, and similar to one another.

scholarly journals Organizational Virtues and Psychological Capital as Positive Predictors of Job Satisfaction and Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12s3) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Job Dissatisfaction ◽  
Predicting Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual

In this paper we analyzed the incremental validity of the organizational virtues over the individual psychological capital (IPC) in terms of predicting performance and job satisfaction. The sample was made up of 459 Indian employees (232 men, 227 women); average age: 36.43 years (SD = 11.56); Belonging to public (17.4%, n = 80) and private (82.6%, n = 379) companies, the majority resided in and around Dehradun & Haridwar city (96.8%, n = 443). For data collection, an inventory of organizational virtues –IVO, Psychological Capital Scale, and some ad-hoc designed surveys were used. Sociodemographic, organizational, job dissatisfaction, and job performance surveys. in relation to the dimensions of the IPC, regarding the prediction of satisfaction and job performance.

Writing in Aphasia Rehabilitation: Cursive vs Manuscript

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Boone ◽  
Harold M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Correct Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Manual Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Written Form ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Read Number

Reading and writing performance was observed in 30 adult aphasic patients to determine whether there was a significant difference when stimuli and manual responses were varied in the written form: cursive versus manuscript. Patients were asked to read aloud 10 words written cursively and 10 words written in manuscript form. They were then asked to write on dictation 10 word responses using cursive writing and 10 words using manuscript writing. Number of words correctly read, number of words correctly written, and number of letters correctly written in the proper sequence were tallied for both cursive and manuscript writing tasks for each patient. Results indicated no significant difference in correct response between cursive and manuscript writing style for these aphasic patients as a group; however, it was noted that individual patients varied widely in their success using one writing form over the other. It appeared that since neither writing form showed better facilitation of performance, the writing style used should be determined according to the individual patient’s own preference and best performance.

Margaret Mahy: An Adlerian Reading

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-199
Author(s):  
KATHRYN WALLS
Keyword(s):  
Young Female ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Psychology ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Alfred Adler ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
Magical Power ◽  
Margaret Mahy ◽  
The Individual

According to the ‘Individual Psychology’ of Alfred Adler (1870–1937), Freud's contemporary and rival, everyone seeks superiority. But only those who can adapt their aspirations to meet the needs of others find fulfilment. Children who are rejected or pampered are so desperate for superiority that they fail to develop social feeling, and endanger themselves and society. This article argues that Mahy's realistic novels invite Adlerian interpretation. It examines the character of Hero, the elective mute who is the narrator-protagonist of The Other Side of Silence (1995) , in terms of her experience of rejection. The novel as a whole, it is suggested, stresses the destructiveness of the neurotically driven quest for superiority. Turning to Mahy's supernatural romances, the article considers novels that might seem to resist the Adlerian template. Focusing, in particular, on the young female protagonists of The Haunting (1982) and The Changeover (1984), it points to the ways in which their magical power is utilised for the sake of others. It concludes with the suggestion that the triumph of Mahy's protagonists lies not so much in their generally celebrated ‘empowerment’, as in their transcendence of the goal of superiority for its own sake.

Gewalt und Kommunikation

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-28
Author(s):  
Jens Bonnemann
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Philosophy ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Normal Case ◽  
Jean Paul ◽  
Philosophy Of Dialogue ◽  
The Individual

In ethics, when discussing problems of justice and a just social existence one question arises obviously: What is the normal case of the relation between I and you we start from? In moral philosophy, each position includes basic socio-anthropological convictions in that we understand the other, for example, primarily as competitor in the fight for essential resources or as a partner in communication. Thus, it is not the human being as isolated individual, or as specimen of the human species or socialised member of a historical society what needs to be understood. Instead, the individual in its relation to the other or others has been studied in phenomenology and the philosophy of dialogue of the twentieth century. In the following essay I focus on Martin Buber’s and Jean-Paul Sartre’s theories of intersubjectivity which I use in order to explore the meaning of recognition and disrespect for an individual. They offer a valuable contribution to questions of practical philosophy and the socio-philosophical diagnosis of our time.

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