Analysis of Affect-Related Performance Zones: An Idiographic Method Using Physiological and Introspective Data

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Edmonds ◽  
Derek T.Y. Mann ◽  
Gershon Tenenbaum ◽  
Chris M. Janelle
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Probabilistic Model ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Car Racing

An exploratory investigation is reported to test the utility of Kamata, Tenenbaum, and Hanin’s (2002) probabilistic model in determining individual affect-related performance zones (IAPZs) in a simulated car-racing task. Three males completed five separate time-trials of a simulated racing task by which self-reported affective states (i.e., arousal and pleasure) and physiological measures of arousal (i.e., heart rate and skin conductance) were integrated with performance and measured throughout each trial. Results revealed each performer maintained unique IAPZs for each of the perceived and physiological measures in terms of the probability and range of achieving each zone. The practical applications of this approach are discussed.

Does the Body Move the Soul? The Impact of Arousal on Music Preference

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Schäfer ◽  
Peter Sedlmeier
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Physiological Arousal ◽  
The Body ◽  
Music Preference ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Subjective Impression ◽  
Body Move ◽  
The Impact

people often report changes in emotional arousal when listening to their preferred music. Can this subjective impression be related to objective physiological measures? And if so, does preference induce arousal or could arousal also influence preference? In Study 1, participants listened to 18 pieces of music and rated the strength of preference as well as their experienced emotional arousal for each piece. In addition, physiological arousal was measured via heart rate, skin conductance, and respiration rate. Results showed that subjective reports about emotional arousal were much more closely connected to the strength of music preference than were physiological measures such as heart rate or skin conductance. The two types of arousal (emotional, physiological) were not substantially associated with each other. In Study 2, we manipulated physiological arousal while one group of participants watched their faces in a mirror during music listening. Effects on music preference differed: For a given piece of unknown music, higher induced arousal yielded higher preference ratings. However, this result only held when the music was not too complex. The results indicated that arousal was not solely a consequence of listening to preferred music but might also be a potent determinant of music preference.

Psychophysiological Changes following Auditory Subliminal Suggestions for Activation and Deactivation

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Borgeat ◽  
Jean Goulet
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Psychophysiological Responses ◽  
Skin Conductance Levels ◽  
Control Situation

This study was to measure eventual psychophysiological changes resulting from auditory subliminal activation or deactivation suggestions. 18 subjects were alternately exposed to a control situation and to 25-dB activating and deactivating suggestions masked by a 40-dB white noise. Physiological measures (EMG, heart rate, skin-conductance levels and responses, and skin temperature) were recorded while subjects listened passively to the suggestions, during a stressing task that followed and after that task. Multivariate analysis of variance showed a significant effect of the activation subliminal suggestions during and following the stressing task. This result is discussed as indicating effects of consciously unrecognized perceptions on psychophysiological responses.

scholarly journals Pain modulation by your partner: An experimental investigation from a social-affective perspective

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254069
Author(s):  
Katrin Hillmer ◽  
Judith Kappesser ◽  
Christiane Hermann
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Autonomic Activity ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Subjective Report

Background Social context such as the relationship between a person experiencing pain and a caregiver has been shown to affect the experience of pain, yet, results are not consistent. Possibly, differential effects of interpersonal relationships are modulated by affective states expressed by social partners. Viewing partner pictures in experimental designs is not only associated with lowered perceived pain intensity, but also affects neural responses. However, the role of affective modulation is not clear. The present study aimed to systematically examine the pain modulating effects of stimuli varying in affect and social content including personal relevance using subjective report and psychophysiological measures of facial and autonomic activity. Methods Twenty-nine women underwent a tonic heat pain paradigm with simultaneous picture viewing to investigate the influence of their partners’ faces with a neutral facial expression compared to strangers’ happy, angry and neutral facial expressions on pain intensity and accompanying psychophysiological parameters (facial activity: corrugator muscle activity, autonomic activity: skin conductance level, heart rate). In addition to perceived partner support and relationship characteristics, the contribution of the affective value (valence, arousal) of the partner faces to the observed pain modulation was examined. Results Partner and happy faces reduced self-reported pain intensity and corrugator activity, the latter being lowest when viewing partner faces as compared to all other picture categories. As corrugator activity is indexing stimulus unpleasantness and a core feature of the facial pain expression, this physiological pattern matches well with the subjective ratings. Neutral objects, neutral and angry faces had no effect on pain self-report, although angry faces were rated as highly negative. Partner faces also led to increased skin conductance, being an index of motivational activation, and heart rate deceleration, possibly reflecting increased sensory intake. Partner-related pain modulation was primarily related to perceived arousal of the partner’s picture, i.e., the intensity of the activation of approach motivation, and pain-related catastrophizing. Discussion Our results are partially consistent with emotional pain control models, especially regarding the modulatory influence of valence. Within the context of socially adaptive behavior, they particularly underline the social signal value of emotion and attachment figures. Clinically, our results imply that just looking at pictures of one’s partner when undergoing acute painful procedures can have a robust hypoalgesic effect.

Physiological accompaniments of neutral and phobic imagery

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Marks ◽  
Pedro Marset ◽  
John Boulougouris ◽  
John Huson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Autonomic Activity ◽  
Maximum Change ◽  
Autonomic Changes ◽  
Spontaneous Fluctuations

SYNOPSISEach of 16 phobic patients was treated by six sessions of flooding and six sessions of desensitization in a balanced crossover design. Clinical and physiological measurements were made before treatment and after the sixth and 12th sessions of treatment. Physiological measures were made of increase in heart rate and in spontaneous fluctuations and maximum change in level of skin conductance during neutral and phobic imagery. Patients estimated subjective anxiety during the imagery. Heart rate, skin conductance, and subjective anxiety ratings all differentiated significantly between phobic and neutral imagery. Increase in autonomic activity during imagery was roughly proportional to the intensity of the imagery in a phobic hierarchy. Autonomic changes during imagery imagined in silence did not produce autonomic changes considerably different from those during imagery stimulated by a running commentary from the therapist. Clinical ratings correlated significantly with measures of skin conductance, so that autonomic measures can be useful indicators of change after treatment. However, heart rate, skin conductance, and subjective anxiety during brief periods of imagery did not usually correlate significantly with one another. This supports the view of emotion as a System of responses linked imperfectly across several Systems.

Physiological Aspects of Neutral and Phobic Imagery: Further Observations

1973 ◽  
Vol 122 (570) ◽  
pp. 567-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac M. Marks ◽  
J. Huson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Subjective Report ◽  
Phobic Disorders ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Standardized Method ◽  
Clinical Changes ◽  
Method Of Assessment

Phobic imagery is used extensively in the treatment of phobic disorders by psychological means. The physiological and subjective accompaniments of such imagery are thus of some importance for both treatment and assessment. An earlier report (Marks et al., 1971a) described a standardized method of assessment of phobic imagery and results in one trial of 16 phobic patients. To date the method has been used in the assessment of 77 phobic patients before and after treatment in 6 different studies. This report summarizes our experience with it and its sensitivity to clinical changes. The main finding was that subjective report was a more consistent discriminator between phobic and neutral images than were measures of heart rate or skin conductance. Nevertheless physiological measures were often useful indicators of clinical changes.

Memories

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zane Edward Faulkner ◽  
Echo Elizabeth Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
False Memory ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
Simple Manipulation

The fallibility of memory has important implications for various disciplinary fields, as well as societal interests. Research on false memory abounds in terms of the ability of researchers to implant memories for plausible and highly implausible negative events. The extant literature does not currently answer the question of whether memories for positive events can be implanted. Moreover, previous research has attempted, with mixed success, to discriminate between true and false memories employing different objective and subjective measures. Currently, there is still no conclusive way to distinguish between true and false memories. The present study expanded upon the current deficits in the research literature by inducing both positive and negative false memory events in participants. Physiological measures (i.e., skin conductance, heart rate, electromyography, and pulse plethysmography) were employed in an effort to discriminate between participants’ true and false memories. Results indicated that positive and negative events can be implanted at an impressively high rate and with a very simple manipulation. False memories were found to exhibit a greater arousal pattern than true memories and, specifically with electromyography, positive false memories elicited greater arousal patterns than positive true memories.

Role of Suggestion in Odor-Induced Mood Change

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1127-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Estelle Campenni ◽  
Edward J. Crawley ◽  
Michael E. Meier
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Mood Changes ◽  
Undergraduate Women ◽  
Induced Mood ◽  
Ambient Odor ◽  
Equivalent Conditions

The effects of ambient odor (lavender, neroli or placebo) and suggestions related to the effects of an odor (relaxing, stimulating or none) on mood were explored. Mood of 90 undergraduate women was assessed using physiological measures (heart rate and skin conductance) and the self-report Profile of Mood States questionnaire. Analysis indicated that physiological measures were influenced by suggestion in predictable directions. Relaxing odors yielded decreases in heart rate and skin conductance, with stimulating odors yielding the reverse effects under equivalent conditions. These data further support the notion that expectations play a significant role in mediating odor-evoked mood changes.

Physiological and Musico-Acoustic Correlates of the Chill Response

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Guhn ◽  
Alfons Hamm ◽  
Marcel Zentner
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Acoustic Correlates ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Physiological Reactions ◽  
Similar Dynamic

LISTENING TO MUSIC OFTEN EVOKES affective states that are accompanied by distinctive subjective experiences and specific physiological changes. In this study, we examined the phenomenon of chills and its concomitant physiological reactions. In a preliminary study, experimenter-selected music excerpts were played to 27 participants, and musical passages especially apt toelicit chill experiences were identified on the basis of subjective ratings. In a subsequent study with 27 new participants, subjective chill experiences and physiological responses were recorded in real time. The highest numbers of chills were experienced during musical passages characterized by similar dynamic, harmonic, and structural characteristics, which coincided with distinct patterns of heart rate and skin conductance increases. For participants experiencing a chill during these passages, increases in skin conductance were significantly larger than for participants without chills. The heart rate response did not differ between groups.

Performance and Physiological Indicants of Activation in a Vigilance Situation

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Eason ◽  
Ann Beardshall ◽  
Stanley Jaffee
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Fast Rate ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Tension Level ◽  
Activation Level ◽  
Signal Presentation ◽  
Physiological Information ◽  
Consistent Tendency

Changes in performance and in four physiological measures during the course of a 1-hr. vigil and as a function of signal presentation rate were studied. Based on data obtained from six Ss during a total of 24 vigils, performance (% correct detections) and skin conductance decreased during the course of a vigil, heart rate remained constant, and neck tension level increased. There was no consistent tendency for Ss to perform at a higher level when signals were presented at a relatively fast rate than when presented at a slower rate. However, their performance was differentially affected by presentation rate, some performing better during the fast rate, some during the slow rate, and others showing no change. A positive relationship was found between the relative performance level manifested during the two rates (fast rate expressed relative to slow) and the relative magnitudes of skin conductance, heart rate, and neck tension level. The results were interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that variations in vigilance performance are in part determined by changes in activation level. The feasibility of recording physiological information in order to ascertain more accurately which factors are contributing to variations in performance in a given vigilance situation seems to have been demonstrated.

scholarly journals Through your skin to your heart and brain: A critical evaluation of physiological methods in Cognitive Translation and Interpreting Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Rojo ◽  
Paweł Korpal
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Experiment Planning ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Hands On ◽  
The Brain

This article offers a critical appraisal of two experimental methods used to provide physiological measures of stress and emotions in translation and interpreting research, namely, the analysis of heart rate and heart rate variability, and skin conductance. This is a hands-on introduction to summarize information for fellow-researchers on what these methods are and what they tell us about our body and mind as well as to offer a comprehensive summary of practical applications and analysis standards. The first part of the article introduces the ways in which emotions are experienced and processed in the brain; it provides a framework for interpreting physiological arousal and its role in the perception and construction of emotions. The second part is structured in two parallel sections devoted to each of the two experimental methods. Both sections review existing research on these methods in Translation and Interpreting Studies and discuss the way in which each can best be used in experimental research. They offer suggestions on experiment planning, measurement, data analysis and data reporting. A final remark on ethics and triangulation is offered and some emerging challenges are addressed.

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