Physiological and Musico-Acoustic Correlates of the Chill Response

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Guhn ◽  
Alfons Hamm ◽  
Marcel Zentner
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Acoustic Correlates ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Physiological Reactions ◽  
Similar Dynamic

LISTENING TO MUSIC OFTEN EVOKES affective states that are accompanied by distinctive subjective experiences and specific physiological changes. In this study, we examined the phenomenon of chills and its concomitant physiological reactions. In a preliminary study, experimenter-selected music excerpts were played to 27 participants, and musical passages especially apt toelicit chill experiences were identified on the basis of subjective ratings. In a subsequent study with 27 new participants, subjective chill experiences and physiological responses were recorded in real time. The highest numbers of chills were experienced during musical passages characterized by similar dynamic, harmonic, and structural characteristics, which coincided with distinct patterns of heart rate and skin conductance increases. For participants experiencing a chill during these passages, increases in skin conductance were significantly larger than for participants without chills. The heart rate response did not differ between groups.

Analysis of Affect-Related Performance Zones: An Idiographic Method Using Physiological and Introspective Data

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Edmonds ◽  
Derek T.Y. Mann ◽  
Gershon Tenenbaum ◽  
Chris M. Janelle
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Probabilistic Model ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Car Racing

An exploratory investigation is reported to test the utility of Kamata, Tenenbaum, and Hanin’s (2002) probabilistic model in determining individual affect-related performance zones (IAPZs) in a simulated car-racing task. Three males completed five separate time-trials of a simulated racing task by which self-reported affective states (i.e., arousal and pleasure) and physiological measures of arousal (i.e., heart rate and skin conductance) were integrated with performance and measured throughout each trial. Results revealed each performer maintained unique IAPZs for each of the perceived and physiological measures in terms of the probability and range of achieving each zone. The practical applications of this approach are discussed.

scholarly journals Pain modulation by your partner: An experimental investigation from a social-affective perspective

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254069
Author(s):  
Katrin Hillmer ◽  
Judith Kappesser ◽  
Christiane Hermann
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Autonomic Activity ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Subjective Report

Background Social context such as the relationship between a person experiencing pain and a caregiver has been shown to affect the experience of pain, yet, results are not consistent. Possibly, differential effects of interpersonal relationships are modulated by affective states expressed by social partners. Viewing partner pictures in experimental designs is not only associated with lowered perceived pain intensity, but also affects neural responses. However, the role of affective modulation is not clear. The present study aimed to systematically examine the pain modulating effects of stimuli varying in affect and social content including personal relevance using subjective report and psychophysiological measures of facial and autonomic activity. Methods Twenty-nine women underwent a tonic heat pain paradigm with simultaneous picture viewing to investigate the influence of their partners’ faces with a neutral facial expression compared to strangers’ happy, angry and neutral facial expressions on pain intensity and accompanying psychophysiological parameters (facial activity: corrugator muscle activity, autonomic activity: skin conductance level, heart rate). In addition to perceived partner support and relationship characteristics, the contribution of the affective value (valence, arousal) of the partner faces to the observed pain modulation was examined. Results Partner and happy faces reduced self-reported pain intensity and corrugator activity, the latter being lowest when viewing partner faces as compared to all other picture categories. As corrugator activity is indexing stimulus unpleasantness and a core feature of the facial pain expression, this physiological pattern matches well with the subjective ratings. Neutral objects, neutral and angry faces had no effect on pain self-report, although angry faces were rated as highly negative. Partner faces also led to increased skin conductance, being an index of motivational activation, and heart rate deceleration, possibly reflecting increased sensory intake. Partner-related pain modulation was primarily related to perceived arousal of the partner’s picture, i.e., the intensity of the activation of approach motivation, and pain-related catastrophizing. Discussion Our results are partially consistent with emotional pain control models, especially regarding the modulatory influence of valence. Within the context of socially adaptive behavior, they particularly underline the social signal value of emotion and attachment figures. Clinically, our results imply that just looking at pictures of one’s partner when undergoing acute painful procedures can have a robust hypoalgesic effect.

scholarly journals Subjective and Psychophysiological Indexes of Listening Effort in a Competing-Talker Task

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol L. Mackersie ◽  
Heather Cones
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Task Demand ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Listening Effort ◽  
Psychophysiological Responses ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Psychophysiological Measures

Background: The effects of noise and other competing backgrounds on speech recognition performance are well documented. There is less information, however, on listening effort and stress experienced by listeners during a speech-recognition task that requires inhibition of competing sounds. Purpose: The purpose was (a) to determine if psychophysiological indexes of listening effort were more sensitive than performance measures (percentage correct) obtained near ceiling level during a competing speech task, (b) to determine the relative sensitivity of four psychophysiological measures to changes in task demand, and (c) to determine the relationships between changes in psychophysiological measures and changes in subjective ratings of stress and workload. Research Design: A repeated-measures experimental design was used to examine changes in performance, psychophysiological measures, and subjective ratings in response to increasing task demand. Study Sample: Fifteen adults with normal hearing participated in the study. The mean age of the participants was 27 (range: 24–54). Data Collection and Analysis: Psychophysiological recordings of heart rate, skin conductance, skin temperature, and electromyographic (EMG) activity were obtained during listening tasks of varying demand. Materials from the Dichotic Digits Test were used to modulate task demand. The three levels of task demand were single digits presented to one ear (low-demand reference condition), single digits presented simultaneously to both ears (medium demand), and a series of two digits presented simultaneously to both ears (high demand). Participants were asked to repeat all the digits they heard, while psychophysiological activity was recorded simultaneously. Subjective ratings of task load were obtained after each condition using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index questionnaire. Repeated-measures analyses of variance were completed for each measure using task demand and session as factors. Results: Mean performance was higher than 96% for all listening tasks. There was no significant change in performance across listening conditions for any listener. There was, however, a significant increase in mean skin conductance and EMG activity as task demand increased. Heart rate and skin temperature did not change significantly. There was no strong association between subjective and psychophysiological measures, but all participants with mean normalized effort ratings of greater than 4.5 (i.e., effort increased by a factor of at least 4.5) showed significant changes in skin conductance. Conclusions: Even in the absence of substantial performance changes, listeners may experience changes in subjective and psychophysiological responses consistent with the activation of a stress response. Skin conductance appears to be the most promising measure for evaluating individual changes in psychophysiological responses during listening tasks.

Heart Rate Variability, Homeostasis, and Brain Function

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Riganello ◽  
Sergio Garbarino ◽  
Walter G. Sannita
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Brain Injured

Measures of heart rate variability (HRV) are major indices of the sympathovagal balance in cardiovascular research. These measures are thought to reflect complex patterns of brain activation as well and HRV is now emerging as a descriptor thought to provide information on the nervous system organization of homeostatic responses in accordance with the situational requirements. Current models of integration equate HRV to the affective states as parallel outputs of the central autonomic network, with HRV reflecting its organization of affective, physiological, “cognitive,” and behavioral elements into a homeostatic response. Clinical application is in the study of patients with psychiatric disorders, traumatic brain injury, impaired emotion-specific processing, personality, and communication disorders. HRV responses to highly emotional sensory inputs have been identified in subjects in vegetative state and in healthy or brain injured subjects processing complex sensory stimuli. In this respect, HRV measurements can provide additional information on the brain functional setup in the severely brain damaged and would provide researchers with a suitable approach in the absence of conscious behavior or whenever complex experimental conditions and data collection are impracticable, as it is the case, for example, in intensive care units.

The Effect of Searching Versus Surfing on Cognitive and Emotional Responses to Online News

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Wise ◽  
Hyo Jung Kim ◽  
Jeesum Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Online News ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mixed Design ◽  
Information Need ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Rate Acceleration

A mixed-design experiment was conducted to explore differences between searching and surfing on cognitive and emotional responses to online news. Ninety-two participants read three unpleasant news stories from a website. Half of the participants acquired their stories by searching, meaning they had a previous information need in mind. The other half of the participants acquired their stories by surfing, with no previous information need in mind. Heart rate, skin conductance, and corrugator activation were collected as measures of resource allocation, motivational activation, and unpleasantness, respectively, while participants read each story. Self-report valence and recognition accuracy were also measured. Stories acquired by searching elicited greater heart rate acceleration, skin conductance level, and corrugator activation during reading. These stories were rated as more unpleasant, and their details were recognized more accurately than similar stories that were acquired by surfing. Implications of these results for understanding how people process online media are discussed.

scholarly journals Stress Markers for Mental States and Biotypes of Depression and Anxiety: A Scoping Review and Preliminary Illustrative Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 247054702110003
Author(s):  
Megan Chesnut ◽  
Sahar Harati ◽  
Pablo Paredes ◽  
Yasser Khan ◽  
Amir Foudeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Physiological Markers

Depression and anxiety disrupt daily function and their effects can be long-lasting and devastating, yet there are no established physiological indicators that can be used to predict onset, diagnose, or target treatments. In this review, we conceptualize depression and anxiety as maladaptive responses to repetitive stress. We provide an overview of the role of chronic stress in depression and anxiety and a review of current knowledge on objective stress indicators of depression and anxiety. We focused on cortisol, heart rate variability and skin conductance that have been well studied in depression and anxiety and implicated in clinical emotional states. A targeted PubMed search was undertaken prioritizing meta-analyses that have linked depression and anxiety to cortisol, heart rate variability and skin conductance. Consistent findings include reduced heart rate variability across depression and anxiety, reduced tonic and phasic skin conductance in depression, and elevated cortisol at different times of day and across the day in depression. We then provide a brief overview of neural circuit disruptions that characterize particular types of depression and anxiety. We also include an illustrative analysis using predictive models to determine how stress markers contribute to specific subgroups of symptoms and how neural circuits add meaningfully to this prediction. For this, we implemented a tree-based multi-class classification model with physiological markers of heart rate variability as predictors and four symptom subtypes, including normative mood, as target variables. We achieved 40% accuracy on the validation set. We then added the neural circuit measures into our predictor set to identify the combination of neural circuit dysfunctions and physiological markers that accurately predict each symptom subtype. Achieving 54% accuracy suggested a strong relationship between those neural-physiological predictors and the mental states that characterize each subtype. Further work to elucidate the complex relationships between physiological markers, neural circuit dysfunction and resulting symptoms would advance our understanding of the pathophysiological pathways underlying depression and anxiety.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Hypnosis in Combination with Conventional Techniques of Behavior Management in Anxiety/Pain Reduction during Dental Anesthetic Infiltration

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ramírez-Carrasco ◽  
C. Butrón-Téllez Girón ◽  
O. Sanchez-Armass ◽  
M. Pierdant-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Behavior Management ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Conventional Behavior ◽  
Behavior Management Techniques ◽  
Experimental Group

Background and Objective. Anxiety/pain are experiences that make dental treatment difficult for children, especially during the time of anesthesia. Hypnosis is used in pediatric clinical situations to modify thinking, behavior, and perception as well as, recently, in dentistry; therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of hypnosis combined with conventional behavior management techniques during infiltration anesthetic.Methods. Anxiety/pain were assessed with the FLACC scale during the anesthetic moment, as well as heart rate variability and skin conductance before and during the anesthetic moment, between the control and experimental group.Results. A marginal statistical difference (p=0.05) was found in the heart rate between baseline and anesthetic moment, being lower in the hypnosis group. No statistically significant differences were found with the FLACC scale or in the skin conductance (p>0.05).Conclusion. Hypnosis combined with conventional behavior management techniques decreases heart rate during anesthetic infiltration showing that there may be an improvement in anxiety/pain control through hypnotic therapy.

scholarly journals Physiologic Changes during Sponge Bathing in Premature Infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2467
Author(s):  
Jongcheul Lee ◽  
Yaelim Lee
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Measurement Point ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Transcutaneous Oxygen ◽  
Physiological Reactions

In this study, we observed physiological reactions of premature infants during sponge bathing in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The infants’ body temperature, heart rate, and oxygen saturation were monitored to examine hypothermia risks during bathing. The participants of the study were 32 premature infants who were hospitalized right after their birth in the V hospital in Korea between December 2012 and August 2013. The informed consents of the study were received from the infants’ parents. The infants were randomly assigned into two-day and four-day bath cycle groups and their physiological reactions were monitored before bathing as well as 5 and 10 min after bathing. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical package through t-test. A significant drop in body temperature was noted in both groups; that is, 4-day bathing cycle and 2-day bathing cycle (p < 0.001). However, there were no significant changes in heart rate or transcutaneous oxygen levels. There was no significant change between groups at each measurement point. In order to minimize the physiological instability that may be caused during bathing, the care providers should try to complete bathing within the shortest possible time and to make bathing a pleasant and useful stimulus for infants.

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