The Experience of Competition Stress and Emotions in Cricket

The purpose of the study was to conduct an in-depth examination of the stress and emotion process experienced by three sub-elite-level male cricketers over a series of five competitive performances. Using reflective diaries and follow-up semistructured interviews, the findings highlighted the impact of appraisal, coping, and emotion on performance, with perceptions of control and self-confidence emerging as variables that can influence the emotive and behavioral outcomes of a stressful transaction. Postperformance, guided athlete reflection was advanced as a valuable tool in the production and application of idiographic coping behaviors that could enhance perceptions of control and self-confidence and influence stress and emotion processes.

Download Full-text

Effect of In Situ High-Fidelity Simulation Training on the Emergency management of Pneumonia (INSTEP): a mixed-methods study

BMJ Simulation and Technology Enhanced Learning ◽

10.1136/bmjstel-2017-000228 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 190-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Owain Michael Leng ◽

Charlotte Rothwell ◽

Annamarie Buckton ◽

Catherine Elmer ◽

Jan Illing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Patient Outcomes ◽

High Fidelity ◽

High Fidelity Simulation ◽

Simulation Education ◽

Audit Data ◽

Semistructured Interviews ◽

The Impact

BackgroundThe patient safety agenda has propelled the rise of simulation education, but relatively few evaluations of simulation-based educational interventions have focused on patient outcomes.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of an in situ, high-fidelity simulation teaching intervention on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in the ambulatory care unit of a district general hospital.MethodsThis study used a mixed-methods approach to evaluate the impact of a programme of 10 in situ high-fidelity simulation education sessions delivered to a total of 10 junior doctors, nine nurses and seven healthcare assistants. Participants were tasked with managing a manikin simulating a patient with pneumonia in real time in a working clinical area. Subsequent structured debrief emphasised key themes from the national guidelines on pneumonia management. The intervention was evaluated through an immediate feedback form, follow-up semistructured interviews by independent qualitative researchers that underwent content analysis and triangulation with audit data on compliance with national pneumonia guidelines before and after the simulation intervention.ResultsThe in situ simulation intervention was valued by participants both in immediate written feedback and in follow-up semistructured interviews. In these interviews, 17 of 18 participants were able to identify a self-reported change in practice following the simulation intervention. Furthermore, most participants reported observing a change in the clinical practice of their colleagues following the training. Collected audit data did not show a statistically significant change in compliance with the guidelines for the management of pneumonia.ConclusionThis study found evidence of a change in both self-reported and observed clinical practice following a simulation intervention, supporting expert opinion that simulation education can impact clinician behaviours and patient outcomes in complex clinical scenarios. Furthermore, this feasibility study provides a transferrable method to evaluate the real-world impact of simulation education that merits further investigation through an appropriately powered study.

Download Full-text

Beyond the Game: Dimensions of Esports Online Spectator Demand

Communication & Sport ◽

10.1177/2167479519839436 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 825-851 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tyreal Yizhou Qian ◽

James Jianhui Zhang ◽

Jerred Junqi Wang ◽

John Hulland

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Behavioral Outcomes ◽

The Other ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Chat Room ◽

Semistructured Interviews ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Stream Quality ◽

The Impact

This study explored and evaluated the dimensions and consequences of esports online spectator demand. In doing so, we identified preliminary dimensions of esports online spectator demand based on semistructured interviews and online open-ended surveys. Findings resulted from the qualitative study were adopted as the foundation to develop the Scale for Esports Spectator Demand (SESD). To validate the SESD and assess the impact of the SESD factors on consumers’ cognitive and behavioral outcomes, a sample of esports online spectators ( N = 1,309) responded to a survey containing the SESD, which was randomly split into two halves, with one half for an exploratory factor analysis and the other half for a confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling analyses. A total of 32 items under eight SESD factors were confirmed. While demand factors including commentary features, player characteristics, event attractiveness, and schedule convenience have been found in traditional sport contexts, chat room, streamer traits, stream quality, and virtual rewards appeared to be unique in esports. All eight SESD factors, excluding schedule convenience, were significantly predictive of one or more of the outcomes associated with esports consumption.

Download Full-text

A survey on the impact of a pharmacovigilance practice training course for future doctors of Korean medicine on their knowledge, attitudes, and perception

Journal of Korean Medicine ◽

10.13048/jkm.21037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 39-59

Author(s):

Mikyung Kim ◽

Chang-ho Han

Keyword(s):

Spontaneous Reporting ◽

Average Score ◽

Knowledge Test ◽

Korean Medicine ◽

Training Course ◽

Self Confidence ◽

Training Post ◽

The Impact ◽

Senior Students

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a training course on pharmacovigilance for future doctors of Korean medicine (DKM).Methods: In 2020, a pharmacovigilance training course was conducted for 57 senior students of a Korean medicine (KM) college, and its impact to the students were assessed in terms of the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of these students at three-time points: pre-training, post-training, and 4-6 months after the end of the training.Results: A total of 38 students completed the survey. The average score from the knowledge test increased significantly after training compared to prior to the training (5.47±2.140, 6.61±1.001, respectively, p<0.001) and was maintained until the final survey (6.61±1.220). The rate of correct answers to most of the knowledge test questions increased after the training but decreased in the final survey. In terms of attitudes, self-confidence in causality assessment (2.63±1.025, 4.58±0.826, p<0.001) and spontaneous reporting (2.08±1.050, 4.74±0.446, p<0.001) significantly increased after the training and then slightly decreased (3.92±1.171, 4.40±0.755). The perception level was high prior to the training, and this pattern was maintained throughout the study period. Students responded that pharmacovigilance education was necessary for DKM after training, and for the undergraduates of KM colleges.Conclusions: This study shows that this pharmacovigilance training course is effective for students majoring in KM but that retraining is required at least 6 months after the initial training. Further follow-up studies are needed to ensure that students actively participate in spontaneous reporting after graduation, and continuous education should be provided to graduates.

Download Full-text

The Effectiveness of Active Learning Strategies in Gatekeeper Training on Behavioral Outcomes

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000733 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Lucas Godoy Garraza ◽

Nora Kuiper ◽

Wendi F. Cross ◽

Brandee Hicks ◽

Christine Walrath

Keyword(s):

Active Learning ◽

Learning Strategies ◽

Role Play ◽

Behavioral Outcomes ◽

Actual Behavior ◽

Short Term ◽

Resource Limitations ◽

Active Learning Strategies ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Background: Studies of suicide prevention gatekeeper trainings (GKT) show temporary enhancements in short-term behavioral outcomes and limited enhancements in intermediate behavioral outcomes. Aims: We aimed to examine the impact of two training enhancements (role-play and booster) on intermediate GKT outcomes. Method: The study used a factorial randomized controlled design to assign participants to one of four groups. Three indicators of gatekeeper behavior at 6-month follow-up were the primary outcomes of interest. We used propensity score-based techniques to address observed imbalances. Results: At 6 months, among participants assigned to role-play, a significantly larger proportion of those assigned to booster performed identifications and referrals followed by a notification to the referral source, and followed by escorting the youth to the resource. Limitations: While observed imbalances were addressed, unobserved differences may persist. The validity of self-reported indicators to measure actual behavior remains unknown. Conclusion: Results suggest that active learning strategies can, in combination, enhance the effectiveness of trainings. The strategies seem to increase the comprehensiveness of gatekeeper behaviors.

Download Full-text

Longevity, legacy, and lament: Learning from longstanding educators in an innovative curriculum

Developing Academic Practice ◽

10.3828/dap.2021.9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (April) ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Gillian Maudsley

Keyword(s):

Student Outcomes ◽

Medical Curriculum ◽

Research Question ◽

System Integrity ◽

Semistructured Interviews ◽

Innovative Curriculum ◽

The Impact ◽

Long Term Experience

Research about problem-based learning (PBL) tutoring in medicine has prioritized quantifying relationships between tutor characteristics or learning environment and tutoring behaviour or student outcomes. Longitudinal studies and qualitative research about how such tutors conceptualize their long-term experience are rare. The research question was thus: What educator outlooks do inaugural PBL tutors develop after substantial experience in a problem-based medical curriculum? At16 year-follow-up of interviews with an inaugural cohort of PBL tutors, semistructured interviews with the remaining ten explored their outlooks as educators now versus then. Two years later, an open-ended e-questionnaire (E-interview) reviewed their outlooks, particularly about the curriculum being replaced. Tutors viewed their role now through a more discerning, reflective, and constructivist ‘good educator’ lens. They articulated principles for facilitating active learning. When that curriculum was replaced, tutors were positive about its legacy but also lamented flawed educational governance for maintaining and renewing whole-system integrity. Educator development should prompt critical reflection about ‘the good educator’ identity, the related enthusiasms, discomforts, and uncertainties, and the impact of curriculum shifts.

Download Full-text

Delivering safe and effective test-result communication, management and follow-up: a mixed-methods study protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020235 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. e020235 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Maria R Dahm ◽

Andrew Georgiou ◽

Johanna I Westbrook ◽

David Greenfield ◽

Andrea R Horvath ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Patient Safety ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

Local Health ◽

Safety Risks ◽

Semistructured Interviews ◽

Result Management ◽

Governance Processes ◽

The Impact ◽

Test Result

IntroductionThe failure to follow-up pathology and medical imaging test results poses patient-safety risks which threaten the effectiveness, quality and safety of patient care. The objective of this project is to: (1) improve the effectiveness and safety of test-result management through the establishment of clear governance processes of communication, responsibility and accountability; (2) harness health information technology (IT) to inform and monitor test-result management; (3) enhance the contribution of consumers to the establishment of safe and effective test-result management systems.Methods and analysisThis convergent mixed-methods project triangulates three multistage studies at seven adult hospitals and one paediatric hospital in Australia.Study 1 adopts qualitative research approaches including semistructured interviews, focus groups and ethnographic observations to gain a better understanding of test-result communication and management practices in hospitals, and to identify patient-safety risks which require quality-improvement interventions.Study 2 analyses linked sets of routinely collected healthcare data to examine critical test-result thresholds and test-result notification processes. A controlled before-and-after study across three emergency departments will measure the impact of interventions (including the use of IT) developed to improve the safety and quality of test-result communication and management processes.Study 3 adopts a consumer-driven approach, including semistructured interviews, and the convening of consumer-reference groups and community forums. The qualitative data will identify mechanisms to enhance the role of consumers in test-management governance processes, and inform the direction of the research and the interpretation of findings.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by the South Eastern Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee and Macquarie University. Findings will be disseminated in academic, industry and consumer journals, newsletters and conferences.

Download Full-text

A pilot study of the impact of a grief camp for children

Palliative & Supportive Care ◽

10.1017/s1478951504040532 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 403-408 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

LAURA NABORS ◽

MARSHAE OHMS ◽

NATASHA BUCHANAN ◽

KENNETH L. KIRSH ◽

TIFFANY NASH ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Loved One ◽

Parents And Children ◽

Children And Parents ◽

Semistructured Interviews ◽

Supportive Interventions ◽

Art Activities ◽

The Impact

Objective: Research indicates that children benefit from supportive interventions to help them cope with the loss of a loved one. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate children's perceptions of the effectiveness of a grief camp.Methods: Semistructured interviews were performed with 18 children who attended a weekend-long grief camp. Children also responded to follow-up interviews via telephone. Their parents also completed surveys before camp began and either after camp ended or at a follow-up evaluation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content coding to uncover key themes in the interviews.Results: Children reported that art activities helped them to express feelings about their grief and release feelings of sadness and worry related to the death. Parents and children felt that the camp was a positive experience and that the children benefited from being in groups with peers who had also lost family members.Significance of results: Evaluating the impact of grief camps, using practical methods such as the ones for this study, is important, as these camps are becoming more popular interventions. Children and parents may benefit from contact at specified follow-up periods after camp to determine if they would benefit from further therapy. Results also provide evidence of the success of this program, which supports the need for funding these types of interventions.

Download Full-text

Exercise is medicine Canada workshop training improves physical activity practices of physicians across Canada, independent of initial confidence level

Canadian Medical Education Journal ◽

10.36834/cmej.68376 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Myles William O'Brien ◽

Chris Shields ◽

Kara Solmundson ◽

Jonathon Fowles

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Relative Increase ◽

High Confidence ◽

Lifestyle Management ◽

Self Reflection ◽

Self Confidence ◽

Workshop Training ◽

The Impact

Background: Educational workshops help physicians (MDs) include physical activity and exercise (PAE) content in more patient appointments. It is unclear if MDs with varying degrees of self-confidence discussing PAE with their patients equally benefit from such training. We evaluated whether MDs’ initial self-confidence affects the impact of an educational PAE workshop. Methods: MDs (n = 63) across Canada completed self-reflection questionnaires initially and 3-months following a PAE workshop. MDs were divided into low-confidence [self-efficacy score (out of 100%): <40%; n = 21], medium-confidence (40-60%; n = 19) and high-confidence (>60%; n = 23). Results: PAE counselling self-efficacy increased in all groups (relative increase: Low=~40%, Medium=~20%, High=~10%). Training increased the low-confidence group’s knowledge, awareness of guidance/resources and perception of their patients’ interest in lifestyle management (~30% change; all p < 0.001). Compared to baseline, a greater proportion (all p < 0.001) of MDs reported prescribing exercise at 3-month follow-up in each of the low-confidence (10% to 62%) medium-confidence (16% to 89%) and high-confidence (57% to 87%) groups. Conclusion: PAE training favorably improved MDs’ self-confidence, perceived impact of many barriers and the proportion of MDs prescribing exercise, at each level of confidence. An educational workshop particularly assisted MDs with low-confidence (i.e., those who needed it the most) integrate PAE into their practice.

Download Full-text

A Prospective Study of the Impact of Home Monitoring on the Family

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.74.3.323 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 323-329

Author(s):

Abby L. Wasserman

Keyword(s):

Home Monitoring ◽

Initial Contact ◽

Semistructured Interviews ◽

The Family ◽

Motor Problems ◽

Two Phases ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

The Impact ◽

Speech Learning

Fourteen families whose infants required home monitoring for apnea were followed for approximately 5 years from the initial contact (1977). Each family received at least three psychiatric interviews and two follow-up contacts. Effects on the monitored infant, siblings, and parents were examined in open and semistructured interviews. At first follow-up (mean of 21 months after monitoring discontinuance), seven of 14 monitored children were characterized as spoiled by parents. By the second follow-up, 2½ years later, nine children showed speech, learning, and motor problems; five of these nine children had required resuscitation during their initial episode. Apnea severity was also related to both duration of monitoring and number of additional psychiatric interviews requested by parents or staff. Of 16 older siblings, 12 had psychological problems reported by their parents at first follow-up; these problems appeared to be largely resolved by the second follow-up, although three children were still having problems that caused parental concern. Monitoring, as well as the apnea itself, caused substantial distress manifested in depression, fatigue, and anxiety in many parents, particularly mothers. However, despite their considerable distress, none of the families discontinued monitoring prematurely. Results of the study indicated that the monitoring experience can be divided into four phases: doubt/acceptance, dependence/frustration, discontinuance, and late effects, with substantial differences in parents' responses occurring only in the last two phases.

Download Full-text

Predicting the Development of Adult Nature Connection Through Nature Activities: Developing the Evaluating Nature Activities for Connection Tool

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.618283 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Victoria Carr ◽

Joelene Hughes

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Intentions ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Behavioral Outcomes ◽

Incremental Validity ◽

Short Term ◽

Pilot Survey ◽

Nature Connection ◽

Conservation Organizations ◽

The Impact

Nature Connection (NC) is considered an important driver of conservation behavior. Consequently, conservation organizations run many activities aiming to increase NC among participants. However, little is known about which activities are most effective at doing this and why. This study developed the Evaluating Nature Activities for Connection Tool (ENACT), to evaluate the effectiveness of activities for increasing participants’ NC and nature-related intentions. ENACT comprises 11 activity aspects identified through two research phases. In Phase 1, a literature search, focus group and interviews identified desired, short-term behavioral outcomes of nature activities, and variables that might promote these. In Phase 2, 241 adults completed a pilot survey immediately post-nature activity, with 1-month follow-up (N = 145), to evaluate the impact of participation on NC, nature-related behavioral intentions and behaviors. ENACT correlated with NC measures and offered incremental validity in predicting nature-related behavioral intentions and self-reported behaviors after 1 month.

Download Full-text