scholarly journals The global network of ports supporting high seas fishing

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. eabe3470
Author(s):  
Jorge P. Rodríguez ◽  
Juan Fernández-Gracia ◽  
Carlos M. Duarte ◽  
Xabier Irigoien ◽  
Víctor M. Eguíluz
Keyword(s):  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
The Commons ◽  
High Seas

Fisheries in waters beyond national jurisdiction (“high seas”) are difficult to monitor and manage. Their regulation for sustainability requires critical information on how fishing effort is distributed across fishing and landing areas, including possible border effects at the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) limits. We infer the global network linking harbors supporting fishing vessels to fishing areas in high seas from automatic identification system tracking data in 2014, observing a modular structure, with vessels departing from a given harbor fishing mostly in a single province. The top 16% of these harbors support 84% of fishing effort in high seas, with harbors in low- and middle-income countries ranked among the top supporters. Fishing effort concentrates along narrow strips attached to the boundaries of EEZs with productive fisheries, identifying a free-riding behavior that jeopardizes efforts by nations to sustainably manage their fisheries, perpetuating the tragedy of the commons affecting global fishery resources.

Automatic Identification System Receiver for Small Fishing Vessels

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Febus Reidj G. Cruz ◽  
Jeremiah A. Ordiales ◽  
Malvin Angelo C. Reyes ◽  
Pinky T. Salvanera
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Automatic Identification System ◽  
Fishing Vessels

scholarly journals Defining high-resolution dredge fishing grounds with Automatic Identification System (AIS) data

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Le Guyader ◽  
Cyril Ray ◽  
Françoise Gourmelon ◽  
David Brosset
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Automatic Identification System ◽  
Local Decision ◽  
Bay Of Brest ◽  
Maritime Spatial Planning

High resolution estimates of bottom towed fishing gears are needed to provide relevant information for natural resource management, impact assessment and maritime spatial planning. The use of satellite-based vessel monitoring system (VMS) data is constrained by data access restrictions as well as rather coarse data resolution. This study focuses on mapping dredge gear fishing grounds using fishing effort estimates at the métier level based on automatic identification system (AIS) data. The performance of the approach was evaluated in terms of correct discrimination between fishing and non-fishing activities for known fishing positions as well as appropriate error propagation. The test was conducted in the Bay of Brest (France) in partnership with a committee of local fishers. The results identified dredge fishing grounds for great scallop (Pecten maximus) in the western part of the Bay of Brest and provided high-resolution information for scientists and local decision makers on the spatial and temporal seasonal variability of fishing effort. The proposed method is semi-automatic and generic making it suitable for other applications.

scholarly journals Sensing the Same Fishing Fleet with AIS and VIIRS: A Seven-Year Assessment of Squid Jiggers in FAO Major Fishing Area 41

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Javier Ruiz ◽  
Isabel Caballero ◽  
Gabriel Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Fishing Area

Global Fishing Watch and VIIRS-DNB (visible infrared imaging radiometer suite day/night band) signals are compared for the jigger fleet in FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) Major Fishing Area 41 during the maximum feasible time span (2012–2018). Both signals have shown a high degree of consistency at all temporal and spatial scales analyzed, including seasonal cycles, lack of signal for some years and interannual tendencies. This indicates that both signals are a fair representation of the fishing effort exerted by the jigger fleet in this zone. The high degree of consistency does not support views questioning satellite AIS (automatic identification system) as a reliable tool to survey fishing activities. Instead, our results add evidence supporting the value of remote sensing, in particular, when independent sources of information (such as VIIRS-DNB and AIS) are combined, as a relevant tool to add transparency and support compliance of fishing activities in vast and distant regions of the ocean.

scholarly journals Stillbirth 2010–2018: a prospective, population-based, multi-country study from the Global Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. McClure ◽  
Sarah Saleem ◽  
Shivaprasad S. Goudar ◽  
Ana Garces ◽  
Ryan Whitworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Substantial Decrease ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Assisted Delivery

Abstract Background Stillbirth rates are high and represent a substantial proportion of the under-5 mortality in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). In LMIC, where nearly 98% of stillbirths worldwide occur, few population-based studies have documented cause of stillbirths or the trends in rate of stillbirth over time. Methods We undertook a prospective, population-based multi-country research study of all pregnant women in defined geographic areas across 7 sites in low-resource settings (Kenya, Zambia, Democratic Republic of Congo, India, Pakistan, and Guatemala). Staff collected demographic and health care characteristics with outcomes obtained at delivery. Cause of stillbirth was assigned by algorithm. Results From 2010 through 2018, 573,148 women were enrolled with delivery data obtained. Of the 552,547 births that reached 500 g or 20 weeks gestation, 15,604 were stillbirths; a rate of 28.2 stillbirths per 1000 births. The stillbirth rates were 19.3 in the Guatemala site, 23.8 in the African sites, and 33.3 in the Asian sites. Specifically, stillbirth rates were highest in the Pakistan site, which also documented a substantial decrease in stillbirth rates over the study period, from 56.0 per 1000 (95% CI 51.0, 61.0) in 2010 to 44.4 per 1000 (95% CI 39.1, 49.7) in 2018. The Nagpur, India site also documented a substantial decrease in stillbirths from 32.5 (95% CI 29.0, 36.1) to 16.9 (95% CI 13.9, 19.9) per 1000 in 2018; however, other sites had only small declines in stillbirth over the same period. Women who were less educated and older as well as those with less access to antenatal care and with vaginal assisted delivery were at increased risk of stillbirth. The major fetal causes of stillbirth were birth asphyxia (44.0% of stillbirths) and infectious causes (22.2%). The maternal conditions that were observed among those with stillbirth were obstructed or prolonged labor, antepartum hemorrhage and maternal infections. Conclusions Over the study period, stillbirth rates have remained relatively high across all sites. With the exceptions of the Pakistan and Nagpur sites, Global Network sites did not observe substantial changes in their stillbirth rates. Women who were less educated and had less access to antenatal and obstetric care remained at the highest burden of stillbirth. Study registration Clinicaltrials.gov (ID# NCT01073475).

scholarly journals Ocean sentinel albatrosses locate illegal vessels and provide the first estimate of the extent of nondeclared fishing

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 3006-3014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Weimerskirch ◽  
Julien Collet ◽  
Alexandre Corbeau ◽  
Adrien Pajot ◽  
Floran Hoarau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zones ◽  
Assessment Plans ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Economic Zones

With threats to nature becoming increasingly prominent, in order for biodiversity levels to persist, there is a critical need to improve implementation of conservation measures. In the oceans, the surveillance of fisheries is complex and inadequate, such that quantifying and locating nondeclared and illegal fisheries is persistently problematic. Given that these activities dramatically impact oceanic ecosystems, through overexploitation of fish stocks and bycatch of threatened species, innovative ways to monitor the oceans are urgently required. Here, we describe a concept of “Ocean Sentinel” using animals equipped with state-of-the-art loggers which monitor fisheries in remote areas. Albatrosses fitted with loggers detecting and locating the presence of vessels and transmitting the information immediately to authorities allowed an estimation of the proportion of nondeclared fishing vessels operating in national and international waters of the Southern Ocean. We found that in international waters, more than one-third of vessels had no Automatic Identification System operating; in national Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs), this proportion was lower on average, but variable according to EEZ. Ocean Sentinel was also able to provide unpreceded information on the attraction of seabirds to vessels, giving access to crucial information for risk-assessment plans of threatened species. Attraction differed between species, age, and vessel activity. Fishing vessels attracted more birds than other vessels, and juveniles both encountered fewer vessels and showed a lower attraction to vessels than adults. This study shows that the development of technologies offers the potential of implementing conservation policies by using wide-ranging seabirds to patrol oceans.

scholarly journals A comparison of VMS and AIS data: the effect of data coverage and vessel position recording frequency on estimates of fishing footprints

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 988-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L Shepperson ◽  
Niels T Hintzen ◽  
Claire L Szostek ◽  
Ewen Bell ◽  
Lee G Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Missing Data ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Spline Interpolation ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Fishing Activity ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Position Data ◽  
Hermite Spline ◽  
Data Coverage

Abstract Understanding the distribution of fishing activity is fundamental to quantifying its impact on the seabed. Vessel monitoring system (VMS) data provides a means to understand the footprint (extent and intensity) of fishing activity. Automatic Identification System (AIS) data could offer a higher resolution alternative to VMS data, but differences in coverage and interpretation need to be better understood. VMS and AIS data were compared for individual scallop fishing vessels. There were substantial gaps in the AIS data coverage; AIS data only captured 26% of the time spent fishing compared to VMS data. The amount of missing data varied substantially between vessels (45–99% of each individuals' AIS data were missing). A cubic Hermite spline interpolation of VMS data provided the greatest similarity between VMS and AIS data. But the scale at which the data were analysed (size of the grid cells) had the greatest influence on estimates of fishing footprints. The present gaps in coverage of AIS may make it inappropriate for absolute estimates of fishing activity. VMS already provides a means of collecting more complete fishing position data, shielded from public view. Hence, there is an incentive to increase the VMS poll frequency to calculate more accurate fishing footprints.

scholarly journals Lockdown: How the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected the Fishing Activities in the Adriatic Sea (Central Mediterranean Sea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Russo ◽  
Marco Anelli Monti ◽  
Giacomo Toninato ◽  
Claudio Silvestri ◽  
Alessandra Raffaetà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venice Lagoon ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Otter Trawl ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Strong Reduction ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Almost All

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought a global socio-economic crisis to almost all sectors including the fishery. To limit the infection, governments adopted several containment measures. In Italy, Croatia, and Slovenia, a lockdown period was imposed from March to May 2020, during which many activities, including restaurants had to close or limit their business. All of this caused a strong reduction in seafood requests and consequently, a decrease in fishing activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 in the Northern and Central Adriatic fleet, by comparing the fishing activities in three periods (before, during, and after the lockdown) of 2019 and 2020. The use of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) data allowed us to highlight the redistribution of the fishing grounds of the trawlers, mainly located near the coasts during the 2020 lockdown period, as well as a reduction of about 50% of fishing effort. This reduction resulted higher for the Chioggia trawlers (−80%) and, in terms of fishing effort decrease, the large bottom otter trawl was the fishing segment mainly affected by the COVID-19 event. Moreover, by analysing the landings of the Chioggia fleet and the Venice lagoon fleets, it was possible to point out a strong reduction both in landings and profits ranging from −30%, for the small-scale fishery operating at sea, to −85%, for the small bottom otter trawl.

scholarly journals Global Fisheries Responses to Culture, Policy and COVID-19 from 2017 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 4507
Author(s):  
Bin He ◽  
Fengqin Yan ◽  
Hao Yu ◽  
Fenzhen Su ◽  
Vincent Lyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Data ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Open Source Data ◽  
The Us

Global Fishing Watch (GFW) provides global open-source data collected via automated monitoring of vessels to help with sustainable management of fisheries. Limited previous global fishing effort analyses, based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data (2017–2020), suggest economic and environmental factors have less influence on fisheries than cultural and political events, such as holidays and closures, respectively. As such, restrictions from COVID-19 during 2020 provided an unprecedented opportunity to explore added impacts from COVID-19 restrictions on fishing effort. We analyzed global fishing effort and fishing gear changes (2017–2019) for policy and cultural impacts, and then compared impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns across several countries (i.e., China, Spain, the US, and Japan) in 2020. Our findings showed global fishing effort increased from 2017 to 2019 but decreased by 5.2% in 2020. We found policy had a greater impact on monthly global fishing effort than culture, with Chinese longlines decreasing annually. During the lockdown in 2020, trawling activities dropped sharply, particularly in the coastal areas of China and Spain. Although Japan did not implement an official lockdown, its fishing effort in the coastal areas also decreased sharply. In contrast, fishing in the Gulf of Mexico, not subject to lockdown, reduced its scope of fishing activities, but fishing effort was higher. Our study demonstrates, by including the dimensions of policy and culture in fisheries, that large data may materially assist decision-makers to understand factors influencing fisheries’ efforts, and encourage further marine interdisciplinary research. We recommend the lack of data for small-scale Southeast Asian fisheries be addressed to enable future studies of fishing drivers and impacts in this region.

scholarly journals Malpresentation in low- and middle-income countries: Associations with perinatal and maternal outcomes in the Global Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra R. Duffy ◽  
Janet L. Moore ◽  
Sarah Saleem ◽  
Antoinette Tshefu ◽  
Carl L. Bose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Network ◽  
Maternal Outcomes ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Predicted hotspots of overlap between highly migratory fishes and industrial fishing fleets in the northeast Pacific

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. eaau3761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy D. White ◽  
Francesco Ferretti ◽  
David A. Kroodsma ◽  
Elliott L. Hazen ◽  
Aaron B. Carlisle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Pelagic Fishes ◽  
The North ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Fishing Fleets ◽  
Electronic Tags ◽  
High Seas

Many species of sharks and some tunas are threatened by overexploitation, yet the degree of overlap between industrial fisheries and pelagic fishes remains poorly understood. Using satellite tracks from 933 industrial fishing vessels and predictive habitat models from 876 electronic tags deployed on seven shark and tuna species, we developed fishing effort maps across the northeast Pacific Ocean and assessed overlap with core habitats of pelagic fishes. Up to 35% of species’ core habitats overlapped with fishing effort. We identified overlap hotspots along the North American shelf, the equatorial Pacific, and the subtropical gyre. Results indicate where species require international conservation efforts and effective management within national waters. Only five national fleets (Mexico, Taiwan, China, Japan, and the United States) account for >90% of overlap with core habitats of our focal sharks and tunas on the high seas. These results inform global negotiations to achieve sustainability on the high seas.

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