scholarly journals Ocean sentinel albatrosses locate illegal vessels and provide the first estimate of the extent of nondeclared fishing

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 3006-3014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Weimerskirch ◽  
Julien Collet ◽  
Alexandre Corbeau ◽  
Adrien Pajot ◽  
Floran Hoarau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zones ◽  
Assessment Plans ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Economic Zones

With threats to nature becoming increasingly prominent, in order for biodiversity levels to persist, there is a critical need to improve implementation of conservation measures. In the oceans, the surveillance of fisheries is complex and inadequate, such that quantifying and locating nondeclared and illegal fisheries is persistently problematic. Given that these activities dramatically impact oceanic ecosystems, through overexploitation of fish stocks and bycatch of threatened species, innovative ways to monitor the oceans are urgently required. Here, we describe a concept of “Ocean Sentinel” using animals equipped with state-of-the-art loggers which monitor fisheries in remote areas. Albatrosses fitted with loggers detecting and locating the presence of vessels and transmitting the information immediately to authorities allowed an estimation of the proportion of nondeclared fishing vessels operating in national and international waters of the Southern Ocean. We found that in international waters, more than one-third of vessels had no Automatic Identification System operating; in national Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs), this proportion was lower on average, but variable according to EEZ. Ocean Sentinel was also able to provide unpreceded information on the attraction of seabirds to vessels, giving access to crucial information for risk-assessment plans of threatened species. Attraction differed between species, age, and vessel activity. Fishing vessels attracted more birds than other vessels, and juveniles both encountered fewer vessels and showed a lower attraction to vessels than adults. This study shows that the development of technologies offers the potential of implementing conservation policies by using wide-ranging seabirds to patrol oceans.

Differences in foraging habitat result in contrasting fisheries interactions in two albatross populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 197-208
Author(s):  
A Corbeau ◽  
J Collet ◽  
A Pajot ◽  
R Joo ◽  
T Thellier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Habitat Specialization ◽  
Encounter Rate ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Diomedea Exulans ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zones ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Fisheries Interactions ◽  
Economic Zones

Albatrosses attend fishing boats to feed on fishing discards but are often at risk of accidental bycatch. To examine whether populations (same species) and sexes differ in their overlap with fisheries due to differences in habitat use, we combined the use of recently developed loggers equipped with GPS and boat radar detectors with Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. Our study indicates that incubating wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans from Crozet and Kerguelen foraged in different habitats although the duration of trips was similar. Both female and male Kerguelen birds took advantage of the large and productive surrounding shelf, whereas Crozet birds used the small shelf around the islands to a lesser extent. In Crozet, there was segregation between males and females, the latter favouring deeper and warmer waters. The 2 strategies of habitat use led to different overlap and attraction to boats, with Kerguelen birds encountering and attending boats for longer and at closer proximity to the colony than Crozet birds. Crozet females encountered boats at greater distances from the colony than males. Because of their different habitat use and foraging outside exclusive economic zones (EEZ) and further from the colony, Crozet birds attended more non-declared boats (without AIS) than Kerguelen birds. Albatrosses were more attracted by fisheries than cargo vessels and were especially attracted by fishing discards that led them to attend vessels for longer periods for both sexes and populations. The differences found between populations and individuals in terms of habitat specialization and encounter rate of fisheries should be considered for future assessments of risk of bycatch.

scholarly journals Fuzzy Functional Dependencies as a Method of Choice for Fusion of AIS and OTHR Data

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (23) ◽  
pp. 5166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Medhat Abdel Rahman Mohamed Mostafa ◽  
Miljan Vucetic ◽  
Nikola Stojkovic ◽  
Nikola Lekić ◽  
Aleksej Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Data Uncertainty ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Functional Dependencies ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zones ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Approach ◽  
Logic Approach ◽  
Economic Zones

Maritime situational awareness at over-the-horizon (OTH) distances in exclusive economic zones can be achieved by deploying networks of high-frequency OTH radars (HF-OTHR) in coastal countries along with exploiting automatic identification system (AIS) data. In some regions the reception of AIS messages can be unreliable and with high latency. This leads to difficulties in properly associating AIS data to OTHR tracks. Long history records about the previous whereabouts of vessels based on both OTHR tracks and AIS data can be maintained in order to increase the chances of fusion. If the quantity of data increases significantly, data cleaning can be done in order to minimize system requirements. This process is performed prior to fusing AIS data and observed OTHR tracks. In this paper, we use fuzzy functional dependencies (FFDs) in the context of data fusion from AIS and OTHR sources. The fuzzy logic approach has been shown to be a promising tool for handling data uncertainty from different sensors. The proposed method is experimentally evaluated for fusing AIS data and the target tracks provided by the OTHR installed in the Gulf of Guinea.

Automatic Identification System Receiver for Small Fishing Vessels

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Febus Reidj G. Cruz ◽  
Jeremiah A. Ordiales ◽  
Malvin Angelo C. Reyes ◽  
Pinky T. Salvanera
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Automatic Identification System ◽  
Fishing Vessels

scholarly journals The global network of ports supporting high seas fishing

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. eabe3470
Author(s):  
Jorge P. Rodríguez ◽  
Juan Fernández-Gracia ◽  
Carlos M. Duarte ◽  
Xabier Irigoien ◽  
Víctor M. Eguíluz
Keyword(s):  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
The Commons ◽  
High Seas

Fisheries in waters beyond national jurisdiction (“high seas”) are difficult to monitor and manage. Their regulation for sustainability requires critical information on how fishing effort is distributed across fishing and landing areas, including possible border effects at the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) limits. We infer the global network linking harbors supporting fishing vessels to fishing areas in high seas from automatic identification system tracking data in 2014, observing a modular structure, with vessels departing from a given harbor fishing mostly in a single province. The top 16% of these harbors support 84% of fishing effort in high seas, with harbors in low- and middle-income countries ranked among the top supporters. Fishing effort concentrates along narrow strips attached to the boundaries of EEZs with productive fisheries, identifying a free-riding behavior that jeopardizes efforts by nations to sustainably manage their fisheries, perpetuating the tragedy of the commons affecting global fishery resources.

The Global Fish Market: Internationalization and Globalization, 1880-1997

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poul Holm
Keyword(s):  
Global Market ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zones ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Western Nations ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
The Way

This chapter attempts to determine how globalisation and internationalisation affected the fishing industry, and which members of the global market profited and which suffered due to these developments. The author considers the long-term trends in production and markets; trawling and transport revolutions; worldwide exploitation of fish stocks; territorialisation; and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ), and the way these factors affected Eastern and Western nations differently.

scholarly journals A comparison of VMS and AIS data: the effect of data coverage and vessel position recording frequency on estimates of fishing footprints

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 988-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L Shepperson ◽  
Niels T Hintzen ◽  
Claire L Szostek ◽  
Ewen Bell ◽  
Lee G Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Missing Data ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Spline Interpolation ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Fishing Activity ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Position Data ◽  
Hermite Spline ◽  
Data Coverage

Abstract Understanding the distribution of fishing activity is fundamental to quantifying its impact on the seabed. Vessel monitoring system (VMS) data provides a means to understand the footprint (extent and intensity) of fishing activity. Automatic Identification System (AIS) data could offer a higher resolution alternative to VMS data, but differences in coverage and interpretation need to be better understood. VMS and AIS data were compared for individual scallop fishing vessels. There were substantial gaps in the AIS data coverage; AIS data only captured 26% of the time spent fishing compared to VMS data. The amount of missing data varied substantially between vessels (45–99% of each individuals' AIS data were missing). A cubic Hermite spline interpolation of VMS data provided the greatest similarity between VMS and AIS data. But the scale at which the data were analysed (size of the grid cells) had the greatest influence on estimates of fishing footprints. The present gaps in coverage of AIS may make it inappropriate for absolute estimates of fishing activity. VMS already provides a means of collecting more complete fishing position data, shielded from public view. Hence, there is an incentive to increase the VMS poll frequency to calculate more accurate fishing footprints.

scholarly journals Why Climate Change and State Subsidies Will Collide to Create Fishery Conflict

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-108
Author(s):  
Jonathan Kelman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Iuu Fishing ◽  
State Involvement ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zones ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Seafood Products ◽  
State Subsidies ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
Distant Water Fishing

Climate change, combined with rising global demand for seafood products, will lead to greater conflict over remaining fisheries. Warming and acidifying oceans are shifting the availability of oxygen and nutrients that are necessary to maintain fish stocks. These changes are likely to increase conflict, both interstate and intrastate, in several important ways. For one, the fish stocks that are already under stress from demand for seafood protein are also shifting location. Most significantly, scarcity will likely draw in greater state involvement in fisheries. As traditional fleets exhaust their territorial waters, domestic political pressure will lead to greater state investment in distant water fishing (DWF) fleets to access fish stocks on the high seas and in the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of other states. DWF fleets are destabilizing because they can easily access fishing zones with low levels of enforcement. Their industrial scale and low level of transparency means that they are also more likely to engage in Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) fishing activities. States are also more likely to intervene militarily to protect their state-support DWF fleets.

The Federated States Of Micronesia Arrangement for Regional Fisheries Access

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-80
Author(s):  
Transform Aqorau ◽  
Anthony Bergin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Federated States Of Micronesia ◽  
Island States ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zones ◽  
Small Island States ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
Distant Water Fishing

AbstractThe small island states of the South Pacific have been developing innovative legal and administrative mechanisms to manage the vast tuna resource in the exclusive economic zones. These are aimed primarily at controlling and regulating the activities of foreign fishing vessels which account for 90 per cent of the tuna catch taken in the region. The short-term objective of these island states is to control the activities of these foreign fishing vessels. Their long-term goal, however, is to develop their own domestic tuna industries. In 1995, the Federated States of Micronesia Arrangement for Regional Fisheries Access entered into force. This Arrangement establishes a framework for vessels that bring quantifiable economic benefits to be given preferential access to the parties' EEZs. This article reviews the Arrangement and argues that it has the potential to form the basis of a new co-operative relationship between the island states and distant water fishing nations.

scholarly journals Fishery Depletion and the South China Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaymes MacKinnon
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zones ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
The Relationship

Fishery depletion is a driving force in the militarization of the South China Sea. Using Garrett Hardin’s theory “the tragedy of the commons” as an analytical lens, this paper explores the relationship between the lack of legitimate territory designations and the illegal overexploitation of wild fish stocks. It argues that China, as the regional hegemon, has triggered conflicts by pursuing an agenda of maritime territorial expansionism. Some Southeast Asian countries, affected by these resource-driven incursions, defend their exclusive economic zones through military buildup. Therefore, the rising violence and decreasing availability of fish force some non-commercial fishermen to pursue piracy as an alternate form of income. The findings of this paper suggest that increased militarism of the South China Sea has not only predominantly affected the lives of non-commercial fishermen but also negatively impacted the regional environmental health. In the future, without multilateral resource management, this militarization will only worsen.

scholarly journals Sistema de monitoreo de embarcaciones de pesca artesanal de Anconcito, provincia de Santa Elena, Ecuador, utilizando tecnología AIS - Automatic Identification System

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
Ashley Avilés Bastidas ◽  
Germán Sánchez Jordán ◽  
Freddy Villao Quezada
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Fishing Community ◽  
Artisanal Fishing ◽  
Automatic Identification System ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Santa Elena

Ante la evidente crisis que se está presentando en Ecuador debido al incremento en los índices de robos en altamar, principalmente de los motores fuera de borda de las lanchas de pesca artesanal, es necesario implementar un sistema de control eficaz que ofrezca seguridad para la comunidad pesquera; con este fin se propone un sistema de detección de embarcaciones de pesca artesanal con tecnología AIS. En este estudio se explican todos los beneficios que ofrece esta tecnología que actualmente se usa para el monitoreo de buques, así como las aplicaciones para un sistema de monitoreo de embarcaciones pequeñas, las clases de equipos disponibles y sus principales características. Con este objetivo se propone el diseño de una red que permita ubicar las embarcaciones de la comunidad pesquera de Anconcito, que es una de las zonas más afectadas por la delincuencia. Además, se anticipan los resultados esperados con este diseño y varias alternativas técnicas para mejorar la cobertura del sistema.AbstractGiven the evident crisis that is occurring in Ecuador due to the increase in the rates of robberies on the high seas, mainly of the outboard motorboats of the artisanal fishing boats, it is necessary to implement an effective control system that provides security for the fishing community. To this end, a system of detection of artisanal fishing vessels with AIS technology is proposed. In this study, all the benefits of this technology are explained which is currently used for monitoring ships, as well as the applications for a monitoring system of small boats, the kinds of equipment available and their main characteristics.With this objective, the design of a network that allows locate the vessels of the fishing community of Anconcito, which is one of the areas most affected by crime, is proposed. In addition, the expected results with this design and several technical alternatives to improve the coverage of the system are anticipated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document