scholarly journals Adhesion dynamics in the neocortex determine the start of migration and the post-migratory orientation of neurons

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (27) ◽  
pp. eabf1973
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Epifanova ◽  
Valentina Salina ◽  
Denis Lajkó ◽  
Kathrin Textoris-Taube ◽  
Thomas Naumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Integrin Signaling ◽  
Radial Migration ◽  
Parallel Orientation ◽  
Neocortical Development ◽  
Orientation Process ◽  
Neuropilin 1 ◽  
Neuronal Adhesion ◽  
Shed Light

The neocortex is stereotypically organized into layers of excitatory neurons arranged in a precise parallel orientation. Here we show that dynamic adhesion both preceding and following radial migration is essential for this organization. Neuronal adhesion is regulated by the Mowat-Wilson syndrome-associated transcription factor Zeb2 (Sip1/Zfhx1b) through direct repression of independent adhesion pathways controlled by Neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) and Cadherin-6 (Cdh6). We reveal that to initiate radial migration, neurons must first suppress adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Zeb2 regulates the multipolar stage by transcriptional repression of Nrp1 and thereby downstream inhibition of integrin signaling. Upon completion of migration, neurons undergo an orientation process that is independent of migration. The parallel organization of neurons within the neocortex is controlled by Cdh6 through atypical regulation of integrin signaling via its RGD motif. Our data shed light on the mechanisms that regulate initiation of radial migration and the postmigratory orientation of neurons during neocortical development.

scholarly journals A Closer Look at the Cellular and Molecular Components of the Deep/Muscular Fasciae

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1411
Author(s):  
Caterina Fede ◽  
Carmelo Pirri ◽  
Chenglei Fan ◽  
Lucia Petrelli ◽  
Diego Guidolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Pathological Characteristics ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
Entire Network ◽  
Shed Light

The fascia can be defined as a dynamic highly complex connective tissue network composed of different types of cells embedded in the extracellular matrix and nervous fibers: each component plays a specific role in the fascial system changing and responding to stimuli in different ways. This review intends to discuss the various components of the fascia and their specific roles; this will be carried out in the effort to shed light on the mechanisms by which they affect the entire network and all body systems. A clear understanding of fascial anatomy from a microscopic viewpoint can further elucidate its physiological and pathological characteristics and facilitate the identification of appropriate treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Extracellular Matrix/Integrin Signaling Promotes Resistance to Combined Inhibition of HER2 and PI3K in HER2+ Breast Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 3280-3292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariella B. Hanker ◽  
Mónica Valeria Estrada ◽  
Giampaolo Bianchini ◽  
Preston D. Moore ◽  
Junfei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Integrin Signaling ◽  
Her2 Breast Cancer

Human leiomyoma cell proliferation and extracellular matrix expression is inhibited by integrin signaling

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. S2 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Malik ◽  
D. Jardine ◽  
C. Owen ◽  
D. McCarthy-Keith ◽  
J. Segars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Integrin Signaling ◽  
Matrix Expression

scholarly journals Extracellular matrix-inducing Sox9 orchestrates basal progenitor proliferation and gliogenesis in developing neocortex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse Güven ◽  
Denise Stenzel ◽  
Katherine R. Long ◽  
Marta Florio ◽  
Holger Brandl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Subventricular Zone ◽  
Integrin Signaling ◽  
Sox9 Expression ◽  
Embryonic Mouse ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Basal Progenitor ◽  
Developing Neocortex ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractNeocortex expansion is largely based on the proliferative capacity of basal progenitors (BPs), which is increased by extracellular matrix (ECM) components via integrin signaling. Here we show that Sox9 drives expression of ECM components and that laminin 211 increases BP proliferation in embryonic mouse neocortex. Examination of Sox9 expression reveals that Sox9 is expressed in BPs of developing ferret and human, but not mouse neocortex. Functional studies by conditional Sox9 expression in the mouse BP lineage demonstrate increased BP proliferation, reduced Tbr2 and induction of Olig2 expression, indicative of premature gliogenesis. Conditional Sox9 expression also results in cell non-autonomous stimulation of BP proliferation followed by increased production of upper-layer neurons. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that Sox9 exerts concerted effects on transcription, BP proliferation, neuron production, and neurogenic as well as gliogenic BP cell fate, suggesting that Sox9 acts a master regulator in the subventricular zone to promote neocortical expansion.

scholarly journals EjRAV1/2 Delay Flowering Through Transcriptional Repression of EjFTs and EjSOC1s in Loquat

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze Peng ◽  
Man Wang ◽  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Jiang ◽  
Chongbin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Juvenile Phase ◽  
Reproductive Phase ◽  
Seasonal Flowering ◽  
Adult Tree ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Shed Light

Most species in Rosaceae usually need to undergo several years of juvenile phase before the initiation of flowering. After 4–6 years’ juvenile phase, cultivated loquat (Eriobotrya japonica), a species in Rosaceae, enters the reproductive phase, blooms in the autumn and sets fruits during the winter. However, the mechanisms of the transition from a seedling to an adult tree remain obscure in loquat. The regulation networks controlling seasonal flowering are also largely unknown. Here, we report two RELATED TO ABI3 AND VP1 (RAV) homologs controlling juvenility and seasonal flowering in loquat. The expressions of EjRAV1/2 were relatively high during the juvenile or vegetative phase and low at the adult or reproductive phase. Overexpression of the two EjRAVs in Arabidopsis prolonged (about threefold) the juvenile period by repressing the expressions of flowering activator genes. Additionally, the transformed plants produced more lateral branches than the wild type plants. Molecular assays revealed that the nucleus localized EjRAVs could bind to the CAACA motif of the promoters of flower signal integrators, EjFT1/2, to repress their expression levels. These findings suggest that EjRAVs play critical roles in maintaining juvenility and repressing flower initiation in the early life cycle of loquat as well as in regulating seasonal flowering. Results from this study not only shed light on the control and maintenance of the juvenile phase, but also provided potential targets for manipulation of flowering time and accelerated breeding in loquat.

scholarly journals Biophysical principles of choanoflagellate self-organization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben T. Larson ◽  
Teresa Ruiz-Herrero ◽  
Stacey Lee ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
L. Mahadevan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Biophysical Processes ◽  
Salpingoeca Rosetta ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractInspired by the patterns of multicellularity in choanoflagellates, the closest living relatives of animals, we quantify the biophysical processes underlying the morphogenesis of rosette colonies in the choanoflagellateSalpingoeca rosetta. We find that rosettes reproducibly transition from an early stage of 2D growth to a later stage of 3D growth, despite the underlying stochasticity of the cell lineages. We postulate that the extracellular matrix (ECM) exerts a physical constraint on the packing of proliferating cells, thereby sculpting rosette morphogenesis. Our perturbative experiments coupled with biophysical simulations demonstrates the fundamental importance of a basally-secreted ECM for rosette morphogenesis. In addition, this yields a morphospace for the shapes of these multicellular colonies, consistent with observations of a range of choanoflagellates. Overall, our biophysical perspective on rosette development complements previous genetic perspectives and thus helps illuminate the interplay between cell biology and physics in regulating morphogenesis.Significance statementComparisons among animals and their closest living relatives, the choanoflagellates, have begun to shed light on the origin of animal multicellularity and development. Here we complement previous genetic perspectives on this process by focusing on the biophysical principles underlying colony morphology and morphogenesis. Our study reveals the crucial role of the extracellular matrix in shaping the colonies and leads to a phase diagram that delineates the range of morphologies as a function of the biophysical mechanisms at play.

scholarly journals FibroAtlas: A Database for the Exploration of Fibrotic Diseases and Their Genes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinying Liu ◽  
Dezhi Sun ◽  
Jiale Liu ◽  
Hao Xu ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Ecm Proteins ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Fibrotic Diseases ◽  
Shed Light

Background. Fibrosis is a highly dynamic process caused by prolonged injury, deregulation of the normal processes of wound healing, and extensive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. During fibrosis process, multiple genes interact with environmental factors. Over recent decades, tons of fibrosis-related genes have been identified to shed light on the particular clinical manifestations of this complex process. However, the genetics information about fibrosis is dispersed in lots of extensive literature. Methods. We extracted data from literature abstracts in PubMed by text mining, and manually curated the literature and identified the evidence sentences. Results. We presented FibroAtlas, which included 1,439 well-annotated fibrosis-associated genes. FibroAtlas 1.0 is the first attempt to build a nonredundant and comprehensive catalog of fibrosis-related genes with supporting evidence derived from curated published literature and allows us to have an overview of human fibrosis-related genes.

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