Spore Resistance Properties

2016 ◽  
pp. 201-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Setlow
Keyword(s):  
Spore Resistance

scholarly journals Role of DNA Repair by Nonhomologous-End Joining in Bacillus subtilis Spore Resistance to Extreme Dryness, Mono- and Polychromatic UV, and Ionizing Radiation

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (8) ◽  
pp. 3306-3311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Moeller ◽  
Erko Stackebrandt ◽  
Günther Reitz ◽  
Thomas Berger ◽  
Petra Rettberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Ultrahigh Vacuum ◽  
Nonhomologous End Joining ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
End Joining ◽  
Spore Resistance

ABSTRACT The role of DNA repair by nonhomologous-end joining (NHEJ) in spore resistance to UV, ionizing radiation, and ultrahigh vacuum was studied in wild-type and DNA repair mutants (recA, splB, ykoU, ykoV, and ykoU ykoV mutants) of Bacillus subtilis. NHEJ-defective spores with mutations in ykoU, ykoV, and ykoU ykoV were significantly more sensitive to UV, ionizing radiation, and ultrahigh vacuum than wild-type spores, indicating that NHEJ provides an important pathway during spore germination for repair of DNA double-strand breaks.

Effect of Small, Acid-Soluble Proteins on Spore Resistance and Germination under a Combination of Pressure and Heat Treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 2168-2171
Author(s):  
JONG-KYUNG LEE ◽  
SARA MOVAHEDI ◽  
STEPHEN E. HARDING ◽  
BERNARD M. MACKEY ◽  
WILLIAM M. WAITES
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Spore Resistance ◽  
Pressure Resistance ◽  
The One

To find the range of pressure required for effective high-pressure inactivation of bacterial spores and to investigate the role of α/β-type small, acid-soluble proteins (SASP) in spores under pressure treatment, mild heat was combined with pressure (room temperature to 65°C and 100 to 500 MPa) and applied to wild-type and SASP-α−/β− Bacillus subtilis spores. On the one hand, more than 4 log units of wild-type spores were reduced after pressurization at 100 to 500 MPa and 65°C. On the other hand, the number of surviving mutant spores decreased by 2 log units at 100 MPa and by more than 5 log units at 500 MPa. At 500 MPa and 65°C, both wild-type and mutant spore survivor counts were reduced by 5 log units. Interestingly, pressures of 100, 200, and 300 MPa at 65°C inactivated wild-type SASP-α+/β+ spores more than mutant SASP-α−/β− spores, and this was attributed to less pressure-induced germination in SASP-α−/β− spores than in wild-type SASP-α+/β+ spores. However, there was no difference in the pressure resistance between SASP-α+/β+ and SASP-α−/β− spores at 100 MPa and ambient temperature (approximately 22°C) for 30 min. A combination of high pressure and high temperature is very effective for inducing spore germination, and then inactivation of the germinated spore occurs because of the heat treatment. This study showed that α/β-type SASP play a role in spore inactivation by increasing spore germination under 100 to 300 MPa at high temperature.

Comparing Spore Resistance ofBacillusStrains Isolated from Hydrothermal Vents and Spacecraft Assembly Facilities to Environmental Stressors and Decontamination Treatments

Astrobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1425-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Zammuto ◽  
Felix M. Fuchs ◽  
Marcel Fiebrandt ◽  
Katharina Stapelmann ◽  
Nikea J. Ulrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Spore Resistance ◽  
Spacecraft Assembly

scholarly journals The ExsY Protein Is Required for Complete Formation of the Exosporium of Bacillus anthracis

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (21) ◽  
pp. 7440-7448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy A. Boydston ◽  
Ling Yue ◽  
John F. Kearney ◽  
Charles L. Turnbough
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Nucleoside Hydrolase ◽  
Spore Resistance ◽  
Normal Hair ◽  
Spore Outgrowth ◽  
Microscopic Inspection ◽  
Complete Formation

ABSTRACT The outermost layer of the Bacillus anthracis spore is the exosporium, which is composed of a paracrystalline basal layer and an external hair-like nap. The filaments of the nap are formed by a collagen-like glycoprotein called BclA, while the basal layer contains several different proteins. One of the putative basal layer proteins is ExsY. In this study, we constructed a ΔexsY mutant of B. anthracis, which is devoid of ExsY, and examined the assembly of the exosporium on spores produced by this strain. Our results show that exosporium assembly on ΔexsY spores is aberrant, with assembly arrested after the formation of a cap-like fragment that covers one end of the forespore—always the end near the middle of the mother cell. The cap contains a normal hair-like nap but an irregular basal layer. The cap is retained on spores prepared on solid medium, even after spore purification, but it is lost from spores prepared in liquid medium. Microscopic inspection of ΔexsY spores prepared on solid medium revealed a fragile sac-like sublayer of the exosporium basal layer, to which caps were attached. Examination of purified ΔexsY spores devoid of exosporium showed that they lacked detectable levels of BclA and the basal layer proteins BxpB, BxpC, CotY, and inosine-uridine-preferring nucleoside hydrolase; however, these spores retained half the amount of alanine racemase presumed to be associated with the exosporium of wild-type spores. The ΔexsY mutation did not affect spore production and germination efficiencies or spore resistance but did influence the course of spore outgrowth.

scholarly journals Resistance of Bacillus Endospores to Extreme Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Environments

2000 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne L. Nicholson ◽  
Nobuo Munakata ◽  
Gerda Horneck ◽  
Henry J. Melosh ◽  
Peter Setlow
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Spore Resistance ◽  
Impact Processes ◽  
Environmental Extremes ◽  
Bacillus Spp

SUMMARY Endospores of Bacillus spp., especially Bacillus subtilis, have served as experimental models for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the incredible longevity of spores and their resistance to environmental insults. In this review we summarize the molecular laboratory model of spore resistance mechanisms and attempt to use the model as a basis for exploration of the resistance of spores to environmental extremes both on Earth and during postulated interplanetary transfer through space as a result of natural impact processes.

Bacterial Spore Injury — An Update1

1981 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 776-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. FOEGEDING ◽  
F. F. BUSTA
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Spore ◽  
Bacterial Spores ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Spore Resistance ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Germination And Growth

Injury has long been recognized in bacterial spores, especially in evaluation of apparent survival after administration of treatments to control these resistant entities. Compared to vegetative cells, the complexity of the germination and outgrowth processes has retarded research activity on injury and resuscitation. Heat-injury has been observed and studied to the greatest extent, but irradiation and chemical treatments also damage spores from anaerobic or aerobic bacteria. Injury has been associated with germination or specific steps in outgrowth or both. Damage of enzymes, DNA, RNA, membranes or other systems may be implied by resuscitation studies. Injury has been manifested by increased sensitivity to selective or antimicrobial agents or by increased requirements for germination and growth. The need for extensive fundamental research on bacterial spore injury continues to exist, especially to aid in explaining unique spore resistance.

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