Phase Analysis of Bio-Based Derived Tricalcium Disilicate From 2CaO:1SiO2 By X-ray Diffraction

In this paper, tricalcium disilicate was formed from dicalcium silicate compound powder, synthesised via a mechanochemical technique using a stoichiometric 2CaO:1SiO2. Compound CaO and SiO2 were derived from the bio-waste of eggshell and rice husk at the calcination temperature of 900°C and 800°C, respectively. The dicalcium disilicate powder was sintered for 2 hours at different temperatures ranging from 1150°C to 1350°C. Using X-ray diffraction with Rietveld analysis, it was found that the amount of tricalcium disilicate with monoclinic (beta) crystal structure increases on sintering temperature at the expense of dicalcium silicate. The complete formation of single-phase tricalcium disilicate began at a sintering temperature of 1300°C. The effect of sintering temperatures on the crystallisation and phase transition of dicalcium silicate is reported. The size of crystallites depends on the sintering temperature. The finding of this study rebound to the benefit of society by reducing the risk-off pollution cause by accessive redundant bio-waste eggshell and rice husk and also reduced the amount of CaO and SiO2 used in the fabrication of Ca3Si2O7.

Zumurrud (emerald): Medicinal Potential of a Gemstone from Jawaharat-i-tis ‘a(navratan), in the Perspective of Unani Medicine

Emeralds are transparent and coloured varieties of beryl mineral. It is categorised as a precious and valuable stone. It has a beautiful, intense, and radiant green colour. Emerald is one of the most expensive gemstones due to its bright green colour, durability, and rare availability. A fine and top quality emerald is more valuable than diamonds. Basically, it is found in gold mines and takes a long period of 21 years to reach its complete formation. Emerald has been used for medicinal purpose from ancient time. In Babylon (the oldest gem market), the fine quality emerald crystal gem was dedicated to the goddess Venus. In the case of emerald, it is believed that it represents immortality and faith. In the Unani system of medicine, it is used as a vital organ tonic, cicatrizant, diuretic, lithotriptic, antidote, eye tonic, blood purifier etc. It is used in cases of anuria and some psychic conditions like stress and anxiety. It stimulates the use of greater mental capacity and enhances memory. No pharmacological studies on emerald have been done yet, so this article has been compiled for its medicinal uses in the perspective of Unani medicine to provide a lead for pharmacological studies on this precious gemstone.

On the relationship of intrapersonal conflict with models of achieving success and career type

This article reveals the relevance of the study of intrapersonal constructive conflicts, as well as examines the essence of the socio-psychological approach to understanding this type of conflict. This type of conflict is associated with a positive model for achieving success, career growth and personal development. The article also reveals the significance of the study of intrapersonal destructive conflicts. This type of conflict is associated with an immoral and criminal model of achieving success, career growth and personality deformation. The theory of intrapersonal constructive and destructive conflicts is an integral part of social conflictology. There is still a lot to do both in theoretical and applied terms for its complete formation. Currently, there is an urgent need for the development of conflictological competence not only among professionals, but also among various groups of the population.

Morphology, Physiology and Analysis Techniques of Grapevine Bud Fruitfulness: A Review

Grapevine reproductive development extends over two growing seasons (vegetative cycles), for the complete formation of inflorescences and clusters. Induction and floral differentiation, the mechanism that leads to the formation of reproductive structures inside dormant buds, is a complex process divided into three well-defined stages (formation of anlagen, inflorescence primordia and flowers). This sequence of stages comprises morphological, biochemical, and physiological events, influenced by a set of environmental and endogenous factors. Inflorescence primordia formation determines the potential number of clusters that will be formed in the following growing season. Thus, during bud dormancy, viticulturists and winemakers can obtain a first yield prediction through the determination of bud fruitfulness. This information allows adjustments to be made to bud load, promoting balanced yield and fruit quality and higher commercial value. The present review describes the morphology and physiology of the formation of inflorescence primordia, as well as discusses the main abiotic and biotic factors involved, including a physiological disorder known as primary bud necrosis. In the same way, we intend to approach the more used techniques of analysis of fruitfulness and its importance for a robust yield forecasting.

The influence of biofungicide and chemical fungicides on the manifestation of diseases and the yield of soybeans

This study aims to improve the technology for protecting soybeans from fungal diseases based on new fungicides. The relevance of research is specified by a significant increase in the area occupied by soybeans and the need to protect crops from diseases. The experimental site is located in the territory of Oryol State Agrarian University (Lavrovo village of Oryol Region, Russia). The crop rotation is grain-fallow, the predecessor is winter wheat. The soil type is dark gray forest medium loamy. Soil acidity is 5.7. It has the following content of macronutrients: 11.5 mg/100 g of soil for P2O5, 10.9 mg/100 g of soil for K2O, 4.1% for humus. The Mezenka soybean was used, seeds of the 1st reproduction. Planting was carried out in the first decades of May 2019 and 2020. We used the Maksim, KS protectant (Fludioxonil, 25 g/l). Fungicides Propuls, SE (Prothioconazole, 125 g/l, Fluopyram, 125 g/l), Vintazh, ME (Difenoconazole, 65 g/l, Flutriafol, 25 g/l) and biofungicide Vitaplan, SP (Bacillus subtilis strain VKM-V-2604D, titer 1010 CFU/g and Bacillus subtilis strain VKM-B-2605D, titer 1010 CFU/g) were used to treat plants at the end of June in the branching phase and again two weeks later in July in the budding phase. The treatment of soybean seeds with the fungicide Maksim, KS helped to protect the crop from fungal diseases until the first ten days of July. Two-fold treatment of crops with biofungicide Vitaplan and chemical fungicides Propuls and Vintazh had a significant impact on the prevalence and development of fungal diseases. The biological effectiveness of chemical fungicides in comparison with biological was higher in the phase of complete formation of beans - the beginning of ripening by 9 and 15%, respectively. In comparison with the control, the increase in the yield of soybeans was 10.4% using Vitaplan, 16.4% using Propuls, 17.9% using Vintazh.

Binuclear vowels in the Shor language and the languages of Siberia

The Shor language and Siberian languages, in varying degrees, feature the echoes of the ancient state of the languages. Thus, in our opinion, the remnants of the ancient system implemented in binuclear vowels are traced in the vocal system. We define binuclear vowels as laryngeal-ligamentous sounds of a complex formation consisting of three components. In the initial and final phonation, qualitatively homogenous (homogeneous) (over)short vocal nuclei are found, with a glottal consonant (depending on the language: a deaf explosive bow, a deaf slit, a sonorous slit, a vocalized slit) being between them (in the medial). The accompanying additional feature is the obligatorily pharyngalization. All components form one syllable, ensuring their phonetic integrity, unity. Their phonological property is a fundamental non-separability into three phonemes, i.e., the absence of a morphemic seam, confirming their monophonemicity. Two types of interrupted vowels are recorded in the languages under consideration: primary and secondary, with the first related to the historical past, the second resulting from the loss of guttural consonants such as “g”, “ӊ”. In addition, in the Surgut dialect of the Khanty language and in Baraba-Tatar, two subgroups were distinguished in the group of discontinuous vowels: 1) long interrupted vowels of complete formation; 2) long interrupted vowels of incomplete formation, with the latter having heterogeneous nuclei with the absence of a morphemic seam between the components.

Macromorphological findings in cases of death in water: a critical view on “drowning signs”

Death in water is a challenging issue in forensic pathology since from natural death to homicide all circumstances of death in water are conceivable. Therefore, the correct interpretation of all abnormal autopsy findings is important. In order to determine a death by drowning, numerous internal and external signs of drowning are already described. However, these are supposed to be influenced by various factors reducing their significance and evidence. Moreover, the autopsy of water corpses often reveals further pathological findings that should not be underestimated for determining the cause of death. The aim of this study was to set frequencies of the observed drowning signs in context to the forensic literature and to identify possible influencing factors. In this study, we observed that pathological organ changes of the cardiovascular system were significantly more common in corpses after shortened (atypical) drowning processes than in classical drowned victims. Furthermore only a complete formation of external foam, immediately after the corpse’s recovery, was exclusively found in drowning victims. All other drowning signs were either also observed in non-drowning deaths in water or no information could be provided with reasonable assurance. In addition, many of the examined drowning signs were negatively affected by prolonged postmortem intervals, putrefaction, or resuscitation attempts. It can be concluded from our analysis that morbidity is an important factor in deaths in water. Morbidity can support a death by drowning in case of incidents in water. For the examined drowning signs, no high diagnostic certainty could be observed. Nevertheless, these findings can increase their diagnostic value—if forensic physicians take influencing factors into consideration.

Education as a hope to discover one’s self

The education processes taking place in the reality of today’s particular world are at the same time expected to contribute to the realization of a newly designed future. The future is a chance and an opportunity, which needs to be filled with specific contents and values. The concept of ‘education’ applies not only to schooling or vocational training, the latter being important growth factors, but rather to a complete formation of a person. Therefore, the level and quality of education is an obvious prerequisite. Education is a continuous process of development of a human being, their knowledge and skills, but also their judgment and practical abilities. The intention is to integrate these objectives in the educational perspective, imposing a requirement to tend to one’s humanity throughout one’s life.

Spontaneous Palatal Cleft Closure

This case report presents a palatal cleft that healed spontaneously, with complete formation of mucosa and bone. Even though the nasal structures could initially be observed through the cleft palate, a thin membrane sealed any communication between the oral and nasal cavities. The origin of this tenuous membrane cannot be fully understood with current discernment of palate formation, but it probably served as a basis for the formation of the other tissues. No previous record of nonintervened spontaneous closure of a cleft palate has been reported.

The Magnetic and Structural Properties of the Alloys of Iron Produced by Mechanical Alloying

In this study, nanostructured powders, (Fe65Co35) 100-x Crx with (x=0, 10), were synthesized by a high-energy mechanical grinding process, usually used to obtain soft magnetic systems. For this purpose, the metal elements Fe, Co and Cr, of respective purities 99.9, 99.8 and 99.5% and of average size less than one hundred microns, were milled at different times, ranging from 1 hour to 36 hours. In a second step, the nanopowders obtained were characterized by several techniques, namely X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. The analysis of the results obtained showed the complete formation of the (Fe65Co35) and (Fe65Co35) 90Cr10 phases from 12 hours of grinding. For (Fe65Co35), the remnant field Br and the saturation magnetization Ms have similar evolutions namely, a decrease between 8h and 24h, followed by an increase until the end of the grinding. In addition, the high values of Br and Hc suggest that this system is magnetically hard. The presence of chrome in the ternary (Fe65Co35) 90Cr10 amplifies the maximum value of Hc, while maintaining a similar behavior.