scholarly journals Unprecedented Silver Resistance in Clinically Isolated Enterobacteriaceae: Major Implications for Burn and Wound Management

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 4734-4741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip J. Finley ◽  
Rhy Norton ◽  
Cindy Austin ◽  
Amber Mitchell ◽  
Sara Zank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Care ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ionic Silver ◽  
High Silver

ABSTRACTIncreased utilization of inorganic silver as an adjunctive to many medical devices has raised concerns of emergent silver resistance in clinical bacteria. Although the molecular basis for silver resistance has been previously characterized, to date, significant phenotypic expression of these genes in clinical settings is yet to be observed. Here, we identified the first strains of clinical bacteria expressing silver resistance at a level that could significantly impact wound care and the use of silver-based dressings. Screening of 859 clinical isolates confirmed 31 harbored at least 1 silver resistance gene. Despite the presence of these genes, MIC testing revealed most of the bacteria displayed little or no increase in resistance to ionic silver (200 to 300 μM Ag+). However, 2 isolates (Klebsiella pneumoniaandEnterobacter cloacae) were capable of robust growth at exceedingly high silver concentrations, with MIC values reaching 5,500 μM Ag+. DNA sequencing of these two strains revealed the presence of genes homologous to known genetic determinants of heavy metal resistance. Darkening of the bacteria's pigment was observed after exposure to high silver concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the presence of silver nanoparticles embedded in the extracellular polymeric substance of both isolates. This finding suggested that the isolates may neutralize ionic silver via reduction to elemental silver. Antimicrobial testing revealed both organisms to be completely resistant to many commercially available silver-impregnated burn and wound dressings. Taken together, these findings provide the first evidence of clinical bacteria capable of expressing silver resistance at levels that could significantly impact wound management.

scholarly journals Target (MexB)- and Efflux-Based Mechanisms Decreasing the Effectiveness of the Efflux Pump Inhibitor D13-9001 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1: Uncovering a New Role for MexMN-OprM in Efflux of β-Lactams and a Novel Regulatory Circuit (MmnRS) Controlling MexMN Expression

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. e01718-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srijan Ranjitkar ◽  
Adriana K. Jones ◽  
Mina Mostafavi ◽  
Zachary Zwirko ◽  
Oleg Iartchouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Efflux Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regulatory Circuit ◽  
Outer Membrane Channel

ABSTRACT Efflux pumps contribute to antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative pathogens. Correspondingly, efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) may reverse this resistance. D13-9001 specifically inhibits MexAB-OprM in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mutants with decreased susceptibility to MexAB-OprM inhibition by D13-9001 were identified, and these fell into two categories: those with alterations in the target MexB (F628L and ΔV177) and those with an alteration in a putative sensor kinase of unknown function, PA1438 (L172P). The alterations in MexB were consistent with reported structural studies of the D13-9001 interaction with MexB. The PA1438L172P alteration mediated a >150-fold upregulation of MexMN pump gene expression and a >50-fold upregulation of PA1438 and the neighboring response regulator gene, PA1437. We propose that these be renamed mmnR and mmnS for MexMN regulator and MexMN sensor, respectively. MexMN was shown to partner with the outer membrane channel protein OprM and to pump several β-lactams, monobactams, and tazobactam. Upregulated MexMN functionally replaced MexAB-OprM to efflux these compounds but was insusceptible to inhibition by D13-9001. MmnSL172P also mediated a decrease in susceptibility to imipenem and biapenem that was independent of MexMN-OprM. Expression of oprD, encoding the uptake channel for these compounds, was downregulated, suggesting that this channel is also part of the MmnSR regulon. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) of cells encoding MmnSL172P revealed, among other things, an interrelationship between the regulation of mexMN and genes involved in heavy metal resistance.

Skin problems in palliative care

2021 ◽  
pp. 613-621
Author(s):  
Sebastian Probst ◽  
Georgina Gethin
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Skin Breakdown ◽  
Local Problems ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Skin Conditions

Nursing aspects of palliative wound care are driven by patient and family goals integrated with three components of wound management: the management or palliation of the underlying cause of the wound, management of wound-related symptoms, and management of the wound and peri-wound skin. Wounds most commonly encountered include pressure ulcers, fungating malignant wounds, and fistulae. Patients with blistering skin conditions, inherited and acquired, have extensive long-standing wounds and palliative care needs. In addition, meticulous skin care for patients of all ages with debilitating long-term conditions is crucial to prevent unnecessary skin breakdown. The symptoms and local problems associated with broken skin and wounds include odour, exudate, excoriation, maceration, bleeding, pain, and pruritus. Key clinical interventions include the application of wound dressings and skin care products. Unless these are managed effectively and consistently, body image and feelings of self-worth are affected together with the ability to socialize and maintain function, including, for some people, employment.

Skin problems in palliative care

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Grocott ◽  
Georgina Gethin ◽  
Sebastian Probst
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Local Problems ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Skin Conditions

Nursing aspects of palliative wound care are driven by patient and family goals integrated with three components of wound management: the management or palliation of the underlying cause of the wound, management of wound-related symptoms, and management of the wound and peri-wound skin. Wounds most commonly found include pressure ulcers, fungating malignant wounds, and fistulae. Patients with blistering skin conditions, inherited and acquired, have extensive longstanding wounds and palliative care needs. In addition, meticulous skin care for patients of all ages with debilitating long-term conditions is crucial to prevent unnecessary skin breakdown. The symptoms and local problems associated with broken skin and wounds include odour, exudate, excoriation, maceration, bleeding, pain, and pruritus, and key clinical interventions include the application of wound dressings and skin care products. Unless these are managed effectively and consistently, body image and feelings of self-worth are affected together with the ability to socialize and maintain employment.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Heavy Metal-Resistant Bacillus cereus NWUAB01

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olubukola Oluranti Babalola ◽  
Bukola Rhoda Aremu ◽  
Ayansina Segun Ayangbenro
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Content Type

Bacillus cereus NWUAB01 was isolated from a gold-mining site in Vryburg, South Africa, for its multiple heavy metal resistance properties. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of B. cereus NWUAB01 obtained with Illumina sequencing.

scholarly journals Study of hydrocellular functional material as microbicidal wound dressing for diabetic wound healing

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 228080002110549
Author(s):  
Michael Rodrigues ◽  
Thilagavati Govindharajan
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Diabetic Wound ◽  
Functional Material ◽  
Diabetic Wound Healing

A hydrocellular functional material as a wound dressing is developed and it is found to be superior in its efficacy as compared to some of the comparator controls in diabetic wound healing studies. A study on wound contraction and Histopathological analysis is done in rats. The efficacy of the dressing is comparable to the established wound dressings like Carboxymethyl cellulose alginate dressings and autolytic enzyme based hydrogel. It is found to be superior to Polyhexamethylene biguanide dressing used as reference controls in this study. The reason for good wound healing performance of the dressing can be attributed to a combined property of effective exudates management and broad spectrum antimicrobial effect. The concept of functional hydro cellular material has shown good results due to the excellent balance of exudates pickup and drying it out. This ensures moist wound healing conditions on the wound. Because of its porous nature it allows good air flow and gaseous exchange in the structure. The cationic sites created on the surface of the dressing ensure a good antimicrobial action on the exudates in the dressing. It reduces the infection load on the wound. The nonleaching property of the dressing also helps in preventing the generation of more resistant and mutant strains of the microbes. The developed dressing can be used as a relatively durable long lasting dressing for wound management in diabetic wounds. The need of repetitive wound dressing changes can be brought down with this concept of dressing. It is not only cost effective in terms of its material cost but also is a cost effective solution when entire wound management cost is considered. Such novel wound dressing material can change the quality of life of diabetic wound patients especially in developing world, where access to functional advanced wound care dressings is limited.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Arthrobacter oryzae TNBS02, a Bacterium Containing Heavy Metal Resistance Genes, Isolated from Soil of Antarctica

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Joon Cho ◽  
Ahnna Cho ◽  
Soon Gyu Hong ◽  
Han-Gu Choi ◽  
Ok-Sun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Terra Nova Bay ◽  
Victoria Land

Arthrobacter oryzae TNBS02 was isolated from soil at Terra Nova Bay of Victoria Land, Antarctica. The genome consists of a chromosome with 4,248,670 bp which contains a total of 3,994 genes.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain Hex1T Isolated from Soils Contaminated with Used Lubricating Oil in Argentina

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adela M. Luján ◽  
Sofía Feliziani ◽  
Andrea M. Smania
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Used Lubricating Oil

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa Hex1T was isolated from soils contaminated with used lubricating oil from a garage in Córdoba, Argentina. This strain is capable of utilizing this pollutant as the sole carbon and energy source. Here, we present the 6.9-Mb draft genome sequence of Hex1T, which contains many heavy metal-resistance genes.

scholarly journals Genome Sequence of an Australian Monophasic Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Typhimurium Isolate (TW-Stm6) Carrying a Large Plasmid with Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (33) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike L. Dyall-Smith ◽  
Yuhong Liu ◽  
Helen Billman-Jacobe
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Large Plasmid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT We report the genome sequence of a monophasic Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Typhimurium strain (TW-Stm6) isolated in Australia that is similar to epidemic multidrug-resistant strains from Europe and elsewhere. This strain carries additional antibiotic and heavy-metal resistance genes on a large (275-kb) IncHI2 plasmid.

scholarly journals Coselection of Cadmium and Benzalkonium Chloride Resistance in Conjugative Transfers from Nonpathogenic Listeria spp. to Other Listeriae

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (21) ◽  
pp. 7549-7556 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Katharios-Lanwermeyer ◽  
M. Rakic-Martinez ◽  
D. Elhanafi ◽  
S. Ratani ◽  
J. M. Tiedje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Cadmium Resistance ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Disinfectant Resistance

ABSTRACTResistance to the quaternary ammonium disinfectant benzalkonium chloride (BC) may be an important contributor to the ability ofListeriaspp. to persist in the processing plant environment. Although a plasmid-borne disinfectant resistance cassette (bcrABC) has been identified inListeria monocytogenes, horizontal transfer of these genes has not been characterized. NonpathogenicListeriaspp. such asL. innocuaandL. welshimeriare more common thanL. monocytogenesin food processing environments and may contribute to the dissemination of disinfectant resistance genes in listeriae, includingL. monocytogenes. In this study, we investigated conjugative transfer of resistance to BC and to cadmium from nonpathogenicListeriaspp. to other nonpathogenic listeriae, as well as toL. monocytogenes. BC-resistantL. welshimeriandL. innocuaharboringbcrABC, along with the cadmium resistance determinantcadA2, were able to transfer resistance to other nonpathogenic listeriae as well as toL. monocytogenesof diverse serotypes, including strains from the 2011 cantaloupe outbreak. Transfer among nonpathogenicListeriaspp. was noticeably higher at 25°C than at 37°C, whereas acquisition of resistance byL. monocytogeneswas equally efficient at 25 and 37°C. When the nonpathogenic donors were resistant to both BC and cadmium, acquisition of cadmium resistance was an effective surrogate for transfer of resistance to BC, suggesting coselection between these resistance attributes. The results suggest that nonpathogenicListeriaspp. may behave as reservoirs for disinfectant and heavy metal resistance genes for other listeriae, including the pathogenic speciesL. monocytogenes.

scholarly journals Genetic Determinants for Cadmium and Arsenic Resistance among Listeria monocytogenes Serotype 4b Isolates from Sporadic Human Listeriosis Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 2471-2476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangmi Lee ◽  
M. Rakic-Martinez ◽  
L. M. Graves ◽  
T. J. Ward ◽  
R. M. Siletzky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Chromosomal Locus ◽  
Cadmium Resistance ◽  
Arsenic Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Serotype 4B

ABSTRACTInListeria monocytogenesserotype 4b isolates from sporadic listeriosis, heavy metal resistance was primarily encountered in certain clonal groups (ECI, ECII, and ECIa). All arsenic-resistant isolates harbored the arsenic resistance cassette previously identified in pLI100; ECIa harbored additional arsenic resistance genes and a novel cadmium resistance determinant in a conserved chromosomal locus.

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