scholarly journals Clonal Dissemination of a CTX-M-15 β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Strain in the Paris Area, Tunis, and Bangui

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 2433-2438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lavollay ◽  
K. Mamlouk ◽  
T. Frank ◽  
A. Akpabie ◽  
B. Burghoffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Paris Area ◽  
The Common ◽  
Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic Pcr

ABSTRACT One hundred twenty CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated in 10 different hospitals from Paris (France), in the Hospital Charles Nicolle in Tunis (Tunisia), and in the Pasteur Institute in Bangui, Central African Republic (CAR), between 2000 and 2004 were studied. Eighty isolates, recovered from the three countries, were clonally related by repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Various resistance profiles were identified among these clonal strains. After conjugation or electroporation of plasmids from E. coli strains representative of each profile and each geographic region, we observed seven resistance profiles in the recipient strains. Incompatibility typing showed that all the plasmids transferred from the clonal strains studied, except one, belonged to the incompatibility group FII. They all shared a multidrug resistance region (MDR) resembling the MDR region located in pC15-1a, a plasmid associated with an outbreak of a CTX-M-15-producing E. coli strain in Canada. They also shared the common backbone of an apparent mosaic plasmid, including several features present in pC15-1a and in pRSB107, a plasmid isolated from a sewage treatment plant. This study suggests that although the plasmid-borne bla CTX-M-15 gene could be transferred horizontally, its dissemination between France, Tunisia, and CAR was due primarily to its residence in an E. coli clone with a strong propensity for dissemination.

Two-dimensional electrophoresis method used for determination of plasmid profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from a sewage treatment plant

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 990-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Arturo ◽  
Z. Tamanai-Shacoori ◽  
C. Mamez ◽  
M. Pommepuy ◽  
M. Cormier
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional Electrophoresis ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Electrophoresis Method ◽  
Dimensional Electrophoresis

The plasmid contents of 306 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from raw and treated sewage from a treatment plant as well as from the water 1 km downstream were determined. The number and molecular weight of plasmids isolated from a representative sample of these strains were also measured. It was observed that biological treatment did not significantly alter these parameters. In contrast, statistically significant differences in plasmid number and size were observed when strains from sewage (raw and treated) were compared with strains isolated from brackish water. In raw and treated sewage, more than 96% of the strains contained plasmids, compared with 85% in brackish water. Nine to 13% of the strains from sewage contained plasmids with more than 56 kilobases, while only 5% of the strains from brackish water reached this size.Key words: Escherichia coli, plasmids, two-dimensional electrophoresis, sewage treatment, brackish water.

scholarly journals Prevalence of the stx2 Gene in Coliform Populations from Aquatic Environments

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 3535-3540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Garc�a-Aljaro ◽  
Maite Muniesa ◽  
Juan Jofre ◽  
Anicet R. Blanch
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains are human pathogens linked to hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. The major virulence factors of these strains are Shiga toxins Stx1 and Stx2. The majority of the genes coding for these toxins are borne by bacteriophages. Free Stx2-encoding bacteriophages have been found in aquatic environments, but there is limited information about the lysogenic strains and bacteria present in the environment that are susceptible to phage infection. The aim of this work was to study the prevalence and the distribution of the stx 2 gene in coliform bacteria in sewage samples of different origins. The presence of the stx 2 gene was monitored every 2 weeks over a 1-year period in a municipal sewage treatment plant. A mean value of 102 genes/ml was observed without significant variation during the study period. This concentration was of the same order of magnitude in raw municipal sewage of various origins and in animal wastewater from several slaughterhouses. A total of 138 strains carrying the stx 2 gene were isolated by colony hybridization. This procedure detected approximately 1 gene-carrying colony per 1,000 fecal coliform colonies in municipal sewage and around 1 gene-carrying colony per 100 fecal coliform colonies in animal wastewaters. Most of the isolates belonged to E. coli serotypes other than E. coli O157, suggesting a low prevalence of strains of this serotype carrying the stx 2 gene in the wastewater studied.

scholarly journals Detection of Genetic Markers of Fecal Indicator Bacteria in Lake Michigan and Determination of Their Relationship to Escherichia coli Densities Using Standard Microbiological Methods

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 8305-8313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Bower ◽  
Caitlin O. Scopel ◽  
Erika T. Jensen ◽  
Morgan M. Depas ◽  
Sandra L. McLellan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Human Specific

ABSTRACT Lake Michigan surface waters impacted by fecal pollution were assessed to determine the occurrence of genetic markers for Bacteroides and Escherichia coli. Initial experiments with sewage treatment plant influent demonstrated that total Bacteroides spp. could be detected by PCR in a 25- to 125-fold-higher dilution series than E. coli and human-specific Bacteroides spp., which were both found in similar dilution ranges. The limit of detection for the human-specific genetic marker ranged from 0.2 CFU/100 ml to 82 CFU/100 ml culturable E. coli for four wastewater treatment plants in urban and rural areas. The spatial and temporal distributions of these markers were assessed following major rain events that introduced urban storm water, agricultural runoff, and sewage overflows into Lake Michigan. Bacteroides spp. were detected in all of these samples by PCR, including those with <1 CFU/100 ml E. coli. Human-specific Bacteroides spp. were detected as far as 2 km into Lake Michigan during sewage overflow events, with variable detection 1 to 9 days postoverflow, whereas the cow-specific Bacteroides spp. were detected in only highly contaminated samples near the river outflow. Lake Michigan beaches were also assessed throughout the summer season for the same markers. Bacteroides spp. were detected in all beach samples, including 28 of the 74 samples that did not exceed 235 CFU/100 ml of E. coli. Human-specific Bacteroides spp. were detected at three of the seven beaches; one of the sites demonstrating positive results was sampled during a reported sewage overflow, but E. coli levels were below 235 CFU/100 ml. This study demonstrates the usefulness of non-culture-based microbial-source tracking approaches and the prevalence of these genetic markers in the Great Lakes, including freshwater coastal beaches.

Uneven genotypic diversity of Escherichia coli in fecal sources limits the performance of a library-dependent method of microbial source tracking on the southwestern French Atlantic coast

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 698-712
Author(s):  
Frédéric Garabetian ◽  
Isabelle Vitte ◽  
Antoine Sabourin ◽  
Hélène Moussard ◽  
Adeline Jouanillou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Source Identification ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
E Coli

To develop a library-dependent method of tracking fecal sources of contamination of beaches on the Atlantic coast of southwestern France, a library of 6368 Escherichia coli isolates was constructed from samples of feces, from 40 known human or animal sources collected in the vicinity of Arcachon Bay in 2010, and in French Basque Country, Landes, and Béarn, between 2017 and 2018. Different schemes of source identification were tested: use of the complete or filtered reference library; characterization of the isolates by genotypic or proteomic profiling based on ERIC-PCR or MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, respectively; isolate by isolate assignment using either classifiers based on the Pearson similarity or SVM (support vector machine). With the exception of one source identification scheme, which was discarded since it used self-assignment, all tested schemes resulted in low rates of correct classification (<35%) and significant rates of incorrect classification (>15%). The heterogeneous coverage of E. coli genotypic diversity between sources and the uneven distribution of E. coli genotypes in the library likely explain the difficulties encountered in identifying the sources of fecal contamination. Shannon diversity index of sources ranged from 0 for several wildlife species sampled once to 3.03 for sewage treatment plant effluents sampled on various occasions, showing discrepancies between sources. The uneven genotypic composition of the library was attested by the value of the Pielou index (0.54), the high proportion of nondiscriminatory genotypes (>91% of the isolates), and the very low proportion of discriminatory genotypes (<3%). Since efforts made to constitute such a library are not affordable for routine analyses, the results question the relevance of developing such a method for identifying sources of fecal contamination on such a coastline.

scholarly journals Reduced Bacterial Counts from a Sewage Treatment Plant but Increased Counts and Antibiotic Resistance in the Recipient Stream in Accra, Ghana—A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Lady A. B. Adomako ◽  
Dzidzo Yirenya-Tawiah ◽  
Daniel Nukpezah ◽  
Arpine Abrahamya ◽  
Appiah-Korang Labi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate

Wastewater treatment plants receive sewage containing high concentrations of bacteria and antibiotics. We assessed bacterial counts and their antibiotic resistance patterns in water from (a) influents and effluents of the Legon sewage treatment plant (STP) in Accra, Ghana and (b) upstream, outfall, and downstream in the recipient Onyasia stream. We conducted a cross-sectional study of quality-controlled water testing (January–June 2018). In STP effluents, mean bacterial counts (colony-forming units/100 mL) had reduced E. coli (99.9% reduction; 102,266,667 to 710), A. hydrophila (98.8%; 376,333 to 9603), and P. aeruginosa (99.5%; 5,666,667 to 1550). Antibiotic resistance was significantly reduced for tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, and ceftazidime and increased for gentamicin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, and imipenem. The highest levels were for amoxicillin/clavulanate (50–97%) and aztreonam (33%). Bacterial counts increased by 98.8% downstream compared to the sewage outfall and were predominated by E. coli, implying intense fecal contamination from other sources. There was a progressive increase in antibiotic resistance from upstream, to outfall, to downstream. The highest resistance was for amoxicillin/clavulanate (80–83%), cefuroxime (47–73%), aztreonam (53%), and ciprofloxacin (40%). The STP is efficient in reducing bacterial counts and thus reducing environmental contamination. The recipient stream is contaminated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria listed as critically important for human use, which needs addressing.

scholarly journals Influence of Cropping Practices on the Persistence and Vertical Migration of Escherichia coli from Wastewater in Hydromorph Soil in Wet Tropical Zone

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Ntangmo Tsafack Honorine ◽  
Temgoua Emile ◽  
Kenfack Siméon ◽  
Njine Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Tropical Zone ◽  
E Coli

Little attention is paid to the influence of cultivation practices on the persistence and vertical migration of undesirable bacteria in hydromorphic soils as they have increased the risk of crop recontamination. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine the implication of some cultural practices on the persistence and vertical migration of E. coli in the soil. In this study, raw sewage (single application) and stream water (multiple application) were applied on lettuce, carrot and aubergine plots. The results revealed that overall, E. coli persisted longer on plots with crops and were more persisted in the rainy season on all cultivated plots that had received wastewater from the sewage treatment plant until harvest. While in the dry season, it was only detected at harvest on lettuce plots. The E. coli rate increased gradually overtime on the plots that had received water from the watercourse. Aubergine was the only plant that significantly facilitates the vertical migration of E. coli to the water table. On the whole, crops favored the persistence of E. coli on the soil surface and therefore increase the health risk related to the use of wastewater in agriculture.

The use of constructed wetlands to upgrade treated sewage effluents before discharge to natural surface water in texel island, The Netherlands – pilot study

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schreijer ◽  
R. Kampf ◽  
S. Toet ◽  
J. Verhoeven
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
E Coli ◽  
System A ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Wetland System ◽  
High Degree

Since 1988 experiments have been carried out on a pilot scale on polishing of sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent in a constructed wetland system, a combination of a macrophyte bed and a lagoon. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) has been between one and ten days. At HRTs of 2-3 days a favourable oxygen regime and a high degree of removal of E. coli bacteria could be obtained. The natural alternation of low and high oxygen levels resulted in an extra nitrogen removal from the low levels of nitrogen in the effluent of the STP. Phosphorus removal in the wetland system under these conditions was low, therefore chemical precipitation has to take place in the STP. The favourable results of the study have led to the construction of a full scale 3.5 ha wetland system for the treatment of 3500 m3 effluent day−1 in 1994. The HRT is 2.1 days at dry weather flow. The purpose of this wetland is to further polish the STP effluent in order to match the water quality of the natural local surface waters.

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