scholarly journals Influence of Cropping Practices on the Persistence and Vertical Migration of Escherichia coli from Wastewater in Hydromorph Soil in Wet Tropical Zone

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Ntangmo Tsafack Honorine ◽  
Temgoua Emile ◽  
Kenfack Siméon ◽  
Njine Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Tropical Zone ◽  
E Coli

Little attention is paid to the influence of cultivation practices on the persistence and vertical migration of undesirable bacteria in hydromorphic soils as they have increased the risk of crop recontamination. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine the implication of some cultural practices on the persistence and vertical migration of E. coli in the soil. In this study, raw sewage (single application) and stream water (multiple application) were applied on lettuce, carrot and aubergine plots. The results revealed that overall, E. coli persisted longer on plots with crops and were more persisted in the rainy season on all cultivated plots that had received wastewater from the sewage treatment plant until harvest. While in the dry season, it was only detected at harvest on lettuce plots. The E. coli rate increased gradually overtime on the plots that had received water from the watercourse. Aubergine was the only plant that significantly facilitates the vertical migration of E. coli to the water table. On the whole, crops favored the persistence of E. coli on the soil surface and therefore increase the health risk related to the use of wastewater in agriculture.

scholarly journals The effect of purified sewage discharge from a sewage treatment plant on the physicochemical state of water in the receiver

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-284
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Kanownik ◽  
Agnieszka Policht-Latawiec ◽  
Magdalena Wiśnios
Keyword(s):  
Water Saturation ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
Sewage Discharge ◽  
Physicochemical State

Abstract The paper presents changes in the contents of physicochemical indices of the Sudół stream water caused by a discharge of purified municipal sewage from a small mechanical-biological treatment plant with throughput of 300 m3·d−1 and a population equivalent (p.e.) – 1,250 people. The discharge of purified sewage caused a worsening of the stream water quality. Most of the studied indices values increased in water below the treatment plant. Almost a 100-fold increase in ammonium nitrogen, 17-fold increase in phosphate concentrations and 12-fold raise in BOD5 concentrations were registered. Due to high values of these indices, the water physicochemical state was below good. Statistical analysis revealed a considerable effect of the purified sewage discharge on the stream water physicochemical state. A statistically significant increase in 10 indices values (BOD5, COD-Mn, EC, TDS, Cl−, Na+, K+, PO43−, N-NH4+ and N-NO2) as well as significant decline in the degree of water saturation with oxygen were noted below the sewage treatment plant. On the other hand, no statistically significant differences between the water indices values were registered between the measurement points localised 150 and 1,000 m below the purified sewage discharge. It evidences a slow process of the stream water self-purification caused by an excessive loading with pollutants originating from the purified sewage discharge.

scholarly journals Prevalence of the stx2 Gene in Coliform Populations from Aquatic Environments

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 3535-3540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Garc�a-Aljaro ◽  
Maite Muniesa ◽  
Juan Jofre ◽  
Anicet R. Blanch
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains are human pathogens linked to hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. The major virulence factors of these strains are Shiga toxins Stx1 and Stx2. The majority of the genes coding for these toxins are borne by bacteriophages. Free Stx2-encoding bacteriophages have been found in aquatic environments, but there is limited information about the lysogenic strains and bacteria present in the environment that are susceptible to phage infection. The aim of this work was to study the prevalence and the distribution of the stx 2 gene in coliform bacteria in sewage samples of different origins. The presence of the stx 2 gene was monitored every 2 weeks over a 1-year period in a municipal sewage treatment plant. A mean value of 102 genes/ml was observed without significant variation during the study period. This concentration was of the same order of magnitude in raw municipal sewage of various origins and in animal wastewater from several slaughterhouses. A total of 138 strains carrying the stx 2 gene were isolated by colony hybridization. This procedure detected approximately 1 gene-carrying colony per 1,000 fecal coliform colonies in municipal sewage and around 1 gene-carrying colony per 100 fecal coliform colonies in animal wastewaters. Most of the isolates belonged to E. coli serotypes other than E. coli O157, suggesting a low prevalence of strains of this serotype carrying the stx 2 gene in the wastewater studied.

scholarly journals Clonal Dissemination of a CTX-M-15 β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Strain in the Paris Area, Tunis, and Bangui

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 2433-2438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lavollay ◽  
K. Mamlouk ◽  
T. Frank ◽  
A. Akpabie ◽  
B. Burghoffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Paris Area ◽  
The Common ◽  
Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic Pcr

ABSTRACT One hundred twenty CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated in 10 different hospitals from Paris (France), in the Hospital Charles Nicolle in Tunis (Tunisia), and in the Pasteur Institute in Bangui, Central African Republic (CAR), between 2000 and 2004 were studied. Eighty isolates, recovered from the three countries, were clonally related by repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Various resistance profiles were identified among these clonal strains. After conjugation or electroporation of plasmids from E. coli strains representative of each profile and each geographic region, we observed seven resistance profiles in the recipient strains. Incompatibility typing showed that all the plasmids transferred from the clonal strains studied, except one, belonged to the incompatibility group FII. They all shared a multidrug resistance region (MDR) resembling the MDR region located in pC15-1a, a plasmid associated with an outbreak of a CTX-M-15-producing E. coli strain in Canada. They also shared the common backbone of an apparent mosaic plasmid, including several features present in pC15-1a and in pRSB107, a plasmid isolated from a sewage treatment plant. This study suggests that although the plasmid-borne bla CTX-M-15 gene could be transferred horizontally, its dissemination between France, Tunisia, and CAR was due primarily to its residence in an E. coli clone with a strong propensity for dissemination.

scholarly journals Dynamics of physicochemical parameter concentrations in the Graniczna Woda stream water

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wioletta Żarnowiec ◽  
Agnieszka Policht-Latawiec ◽  
Agnieszka Pytlik
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Physicochemical Parameter ◽  
Control Measurement ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Chemical Status ◽  
Significant Downward Trend

AbstractThe paper presents variability of physicochemical parameter concentrations and determined the potential and chemical status of water in the Graniczna Woda stream, the right bank tributary to the Stoła River. The stream catchment area of 41.5 km2 is covered mainly by forests. A lowland stream flows through part of the Upper Silesia Industrial Region through three districts. A biological-mechanical municipal sewage treatment plant operates in the area of Miasteczko Śląskie, as well as a factory sewage treatment plant of Zinc Plant. The data base used in the papers consisted of the results obtained from the Provincial Inspectorate of the Environmental Protection in Katowice, monthly analyses of water samples collected in the years 2009–2013 in the control-measurement points located by the mouth of the Stoła River. 34 physicochemical indices were analyzed in the paper. Statistically significant upward trends were determined over the period of investigations for values of electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids, Cl, SO4, NO2-N and Zn in the stream water. Statistically significant downward trend was noted for total hardness. It was stated that both the potential and chemical status o the stream water were below good. Exceeded limit values for quality class II determined for oxygen and organic indices (chemical oxygen demand COD-Mn, total organic carbon TOC), salinity (EC, SO4, Cl, Ca, hardness) and biogenic indices and substances particularly harmful for aquatic environment (Zn, Tl) as well as exceeded allowable heavy metal concentrations may evidence a constant inflow of heavy metals to the aquatic environment of the Graniczna Woda stream from municipal and industrial sewage.

scholarly journals Reduced Bacterial Counts from a Sewage Treatment Plant but Increased Counts and Antibiotic Resistance in the Recipient Stream in Accra, Ghana—A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Lady A. B. Adomako ◽  
Dzidzo Yirenya-Tawiah ◽  
Daniel Nukpezah ◽  
Arpine Abrahamya ◽  
Appiah-Korang Labi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate

Wastewater treatment plants receive sewage containing high concentrations of bacteria and antibiotics. We assessed bacterial counts and their antibiotic resistance patterns in water from (a) influents and effluents of the Legon sewage treatment plant (STP) in Accra, Ghana and (b) upstream, outfall, and downstream in the recipient Onyasia stream. We conducted a cross-sectional study of quality-controlled water testing (January–June 2018). In STP effluents, mean bacterial counts (colony-forming units/100 mL) had reduced E. coli (99.9% reduction; 102,266,667 to 710), A. hydrophila (98.8%; 376,333 to 9603), and P. aeruginosa (99.5%; 5,666,667 to 1550). Antibiotic resistance was significantly reduced for tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, and ceftazidime and increased for gentamicin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, and imipenem. The highest levels were for amoxicillin/clavulanate (50–97%) and aztreonam (33%). Bacterial counts increased by 98.8% downstream compared to the sewage outfall and were predominated by E. coli, implying intense fecal contamination from other sources. There was a progressive increase in antibiotic resistance from upstream, to outfall, to downstream. The highest resistance was for amoxicillin/clavulanate (80–83%), cefuroxime (47–73%), aztreonam (53%), and ciprofloxacin (40%). The STP is efficient in reducing bacterial counts and thus reducing environmental contamination. The recipient stream is contaminated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria listed as critically important for human use, which needs addressing.

The use of constructed wetlands to upgrade treated sewage effluents before discharge to natural surface water in texel island, The Netherlands – pilot study

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schreijer ◽  
R. Kampf ◽  
S. Toet ◽  
J. Verhoeven
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
E Coli ◽  
System A ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Wetland System ◽  
High Degree

Since 1988 experiments have been carried out on a pilot scale on polishing of sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent in a constructed wetland system, a combination of a macrophyte bed and a lagoon. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) has been between one and ten days. At HRTs of 2-3 days a favourable oxygen regime and a high degree of removal of E. coli bacteria could be obtained. The natural alternation of low and high oxygen levels resulted in an extra nitrogen removal from the low levels of nitrogen in the effluent of the STP. Phosphorus removal in the wetland system under these conditions was low, therefore chemical precipitation has to take place in the STP. The favourable results of the study have led to the construction of a full scale 3.5 ha wetland system for the treatment of 3500 m3 effluent day−1 in 1994. The HRT is 2.1 days at dry weather flow. The purpose of this wetland is to further polish the STP effluent in order to match the water quality of the natural local surface waters.

scholarly journals Distribution of Coliphages Against Four E. Coli Virotypes in Hospital Originated Sewage Sample and a Sewage Treatment Plant in Bangladesh

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muntasir Alam ◽  
Tasmia Farzana ◽  
Chowdhury Rafiqul Ahsan ◽  
Mahmuda Yasmin ◽  
Jamalun Nessa
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Sewage Sample ◽  
E Coli

Advanced process of microbiological control of wastewater in combined system of disinfection with UV radiation

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 2469-2475 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bilotta ◽  
L. A. Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbiological Control ◽  
The University

The purpose of this study was to present a methodology with superior efficiency for inactivating pathogenic indicators commonly found in domestic sewage. The adopted method was based on synergistic effect resulting from the introduction of a UV radiation pre-disinfection stage of sewage followed by secondary treatment. A pilot unit was installed in the sewage treatment plant of the University of São Paulo to simulate the combined system in full-scale operational conditions. Its performance was evaluated through microbiological examinations for determining Escherichia coli, total coliforms and coliphages. The application of UV radiation at 5.1 mW/cm2 for 10 s of exposure in the first disinfection stage was enough to reduce the surviving number of E. coli around 100 times, in comparison to the conventional method. Therefore, based on experimental data, it is possible to conclude that combining treatment and pre-disinfection stage is an effective potential technique to produce effluents with lower degree of contamination by pathogenic organisms.

scholarly journals Influence of organic matter and carbonate on the secondary urban effluents disinfection by UV/H2O2

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Ribeiro Neves ◽  
Renato Falcao Dantas ◽  
Jacqueline A. Malvestiti
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Disinfection Process

The main objective of this research was to study the influence of organic matter and carbonate on UV/H2O2 disinfection, and also to start up the UV/H2O2 reactor to conduct disinfection experiments and to analyze the amount of bacteria (total coliforms and E. coli) during the treatment. The analyzes were carried out with samples from the secondary effluent treatment plant of Faculdade de Tecnologia da Unicamp, the Águas da Serra sewage treatment plant in the city of Limeira and with pure water. The experiments consisted in the treatment of secondary effluent samples ana verify the performance to disinfect analising bacterias in four different times. The relation between the organic matter of the effluent and the disinfection process was studied making a relationship between the bactaria inactivatin and the COD of the effluent. The start up of the UV/H2O2 reactor was positive and allowed the accomplishment of disinfection experiments and later the analysis of concentration of bacteria. For samples from the Águas da Serra effluent, which presented COD of 79 mg/l, the disinfection was extremely efficient with different concentrations of peroxide and there was no indication of the presence of coliforms from the first 10 minutes of treatment.

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