scholarly journals Importance of the Exopolysaccharide Matrix in Antimicrobial Tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Aggregates

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Goltermann ◽  
Tim Tolker-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Antibiotic Tolerance ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Matrix Components ◽  
Biofilm Matrix

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can infect the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and persist in the form of antibiotic-tolerant aggregates in the mucus. It has recently been suggested that such aggregates are formed due to restricted bacterial motility independent of the production of extracellular matrix components, and that they do not rely on an extracellular matrix for antimicrobial tolerance. However, we show here that biofilm matrix overexpression, as displayed by various clinical isolates, significantly protects P. aeruginosa aggregates against antimicrobial treatment. Alginate-overproducing mucA mutant bacteria growing in aggregates showed highly increased antibiotic tolerance compared to wild-type bacteria in aggregates. Deletion of algD in the mucA mutant strain abrogated alginate production and reversed the antibiotic tolerance displayed by the aggregates to a level similar to that observed for aggregates formed by the wild type. The P. aeruginosa ΔwspF and ΔyfiR mutant strains both overproduce Pel and Psl exopolysaccharide, and when these bacteria grew in aggregates, they showed highly increased antibiotic tolerance compared to wild-type bacteria growing in aggregates. However, the ΔwspF and ΔyfiR mutant strains, deficient in Pel/Psl production due to additional ΔpelA ΔpslBCD deletions, formed aggregates that displayed antibiotic tolerance levels close to those of wild-type aggregates. These results suggest that biofilm matrix components, such as alginate, Pel, and Psl, do play a role in the tolerance toward antimicrobials when bacteria grow as aggregates.

scholarly journals Salmonella Extracellular Matrix Components Influence Biofilm Formation and Gallbladder Colonization

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (11) ◽  
pp. 3243-3251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haley E. Adcox ◽  
Erin M. Vasicek ◽  
Varun Dwivedi ◽  
Ky V. Hoang ◽  
Joanne Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Matrix Components

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever in humans, forms biofilms encapsulated by an extracellular matrix (ECM). Biofilms facilitate colonization and persistent infection in gallbladders of humans and mouse models of chronic carriage. Individual roles of matrix components have not been completely elucidated in vitro or in vivo . To examine individual functions, strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, the murine model of S . Typhi, in which various ECM genes were deleted or added, were created to examine biofilm formation, colonization, and persistence in the gallbladder. Studies show that curli contributes most significantly to biofilm formation. Expression of Vi antigen decreased biofilm formation in vitro and virulence and bacterial survival in vivo without altering the examined gallbladder pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines. Oppositely, loss of all ECM components (Δ wcaM Δ csgA Δ yihO Δ bcsE ) increased virulence and bacterial survival in vivo and reduced gallbladder interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels. Colanic acid and curli mutants had the largest defects in biofilm-forming ability and contributed most significantly to the virulence increase of the Δ wcaM Δ csgA Δ yihO Δ bcsE mutant strain. While the Δ wcaM Δ csgA Δ yihO Δ bcsE mutant was not altered in resistance to complement or growth in macrophages, it attached and invaded macrophages better than the wild-type (WT) strain. These data suggest that ECM components have various levels of importance in biofilm formation and gallbladder colonization and that the ECM diminishes disseminated disease in our model, perhaps by reducing cell attachment/invasion and dampening inflammation by maintaining/inducing IL-10 production. Understanding how ECM components aid acute disease and persistence could lead to improvements in therapeutic treatment of typhoid fever patients.

scholarly journals Comparative genomics of wild-type and laboratory-evolved biofilm-overproducing Deinococcus metallilatus strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chulwoo Park ◽  
Bora Shin ◽  
Wonjae Kim ◽  
Hoon Cheong ◽  
Soyoon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Type Species ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Mutant Cells

Deinococcus metallilatus MA1002 was exposed to ultraviolet radiation to generate mutants with enhanced biofilm production. Two strains (nos 5 and 6) were then selected based on their high biofilm formation, as well as their possession of higher concentrations of extracellular matrix components (eDNA, protein and saccharides) than the wild-type (WT). Genomic sequencing revealed the presence of large genome deletions in a secondary chromosome in the mutants. Expression analyses of the WT and mutant strains indicated the upregulation of genes associated with exopolysaccharide synthesis and stress response. The mutant strains showed high mortality in glucose-supplemented (TYG) medium; however, cell death and biofilm formation were not increased in mutant cells grown under acetate- or glyoxylate-added media, suggesting that metabolic toxicity during glucose metabolism induced a high rate of cell death but improved biofilm formation in mutant strains. In damaged cells, eDNAs contributed to the enhanced biofilm formation of D. metallilatus .

scholarly journals Attachment of Actinobacillus suis H91-0380 and Its Isogenic Adhesin Mutants to Extracellular Matrix Components of the Tonsils of the Soft Palate of Swine

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 2944-2952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adina R. Bujold ◽  
Janet I. MacInnes
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Soft Palate ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Collagen Iv ◽  
Collagen I ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Actinobacillus Suis

Tonsils conduct immune surveillance of antigens entering the upper respiratory tract. Despite their immunological function, they are also sites of persistence and invasion of bacterial pathogens.Actinobacillus suisis a common resident of the tonsils of the soft palate in pigs, but under certain circumstances it can invade, causing septicemia and related sequelae. Twenty-four putative adhesins are predicted in theA. suisgenome, but to date, little is known about how they might participate in colonization or invasion. To better understand these processes, swine tonsil lysates were characterized by mass spectrometry. Fifty-nine extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins were identified, including small leucine-rich proteoglycans, integrins, and other cell surface receptors. Additionally, attachment of the wild type and 3 adhesin mutants to 5 ECM components was evaluated. Exponential cultures of wild-typeA. suisadhered significantly more than stationary cultures to all ECM components studied except collagen I. During exponential growth, theA. suisΔflp1mutant attached less to collagen IV while the ΔompAmutant attached less to all ECMs. The ΔcomE1strain attached less to collagen IV, fibronectin, and vitronectin during exponential growth and exhibited differential attachment to collagen I over short adherence time points. These results suggest that Flp1, OmpA, and ComE1 are important during early stages of attachment to ECM components found in tonsils, which supports the notion that other adhesins have compensatory effects during later stages of attachment.

scholarly journals Age related extracellular matrix and interstitial cell phenotype in pulmonary valves

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaohua Wu ◽  
Vikas Kumar ◽  
Peng Xiao ◽  
Mitchell Kuss ◽  
Jung Yul Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Heart Valve ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Ross Operation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Matrix Components

AbstractHeart valve disease is a common manifestation of cardiovascular disease and is a significant cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pulmonary valve (PV) is of primary concern because of its involvement in common congenital heart defects, and the PV is usually the site for prosthetic replacement following a Ross operation. Although effects of age on valve matrix components and mechanical properties for aortic and mitral valves have been studied, very little is known about the age-related alterations that occur in the PV. In this study, we isolated PV leaflets from porcine hearts in different age groups (~ 4–6 months, denoted as young versus ~ 2 years, denoted as adult) and studied the effects of age on PV leaflet thickness, extracellular matrix components, and mechanical properties. We also conducted proteomics and RNA sequencing to investigate the global changes of PV leaflets and passage zero PV interstitial cells in their protein and gene levels. We found that the size, thickness, elastic modulus, and ultimate stress in both the radial and circumferential directions and the collagen of PV leaflets increased from young to adult age, while the ultimate strain and amount of glycosaminoglycans decreased when age increased. Young and adult PV had both similar and distinct protein and gene expression patterns that are related to their inherent physiological properties. These findings are important for us to better understand the physiological microenvironments of PV leaflet and valve cells for correctively engineering age-specific heart valve tissues.

Production of Extracellular Matrix Components in Tissue-Engineered Blood Vessels

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Heydarkhan-Hagvall ◽  
Maricris Esguerra ◽  
Gisela Helenius ◽  
Rigmor Söderberg ◽  
Bengt R. Johansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Tissue Engineered Blood Vessels ◽  
Matrix Components

Guided differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells on co-cultured cartilage and bone scaffolds

Soft Matter ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (38) ◽  
pp. 7648-7655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Lee ◽  
Katelyn Tran ◽  
Gan Zhou ◽  
Asheesh Bedi ◽  
Namdev B. Shelke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Bone Scaffolds ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Matrix Components ◽  
Osteochondral Tissue ◽  
Tissue Material

A biphasic micro and nanostructured scaffold with hydroxyapatite and extracellular matrix components was created for the regeneration of osteochondral tissue. Material cues of the biphasic scaffold supported differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in both osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages.

scholarly journals The Role of the Extracellular Matrix Components in Cutaneous Wound Healing

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Olczyk ◽  
Łukasz Mencner ◽  
Katarzyna Komosinska-Vassev
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Matrix Components

Wound healing is the physiologic response to tissue trauma proceeding as a complex pathway of biochemical reactions and cellular events, secreted growth factors, and cytokines. Extracellular matrix constituents are essential components of the wound repair phenomenon. Firstly, they create a provisional matrix, providing a structural integrity of matrix during each stage of healing process. Secondly, matrix molecules regulate cellular functions, mediate the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, and serve as a reservoir and modulator of cytokines and growth factors’ action. Currently known mechanisms, by which extracellular matrix components modulate each stage of the process of soft tissue remodeling after injury, have been discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document