scholarly journals In vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of Mycoplasma penetrans from patients with AIDS

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1386-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Hayes ◽  
H. H. Foo ◽  
J. Timenetsky ◽  
S. C. Lo
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing

scholarly journals Mutations in the fks1 Gene in Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei Correlate with Elevated Caspofungin MICs Uncovered in AM3 Medium Using the Method of the European Committee on Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 3092-3098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Desnos-Ollivier ◽  
Stéphane Bretagne ◽  
Dorothée Raoux ◽  
Damien Hoinard ◽  
Françoise Dromer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
European Committee ◽  
Rpmi Medium

ABSTRACT Mutations in two specific regions of the Fks1 subunit of 1,3-β-d-glucan synthase are known to confer decreased caspofungin susceptibility on Candida spp. Clinical isolates of Candida spp. (404 Candida albicans, 62 C. tropicalis, and 21 C. krusei isolates) sent to the French National Reference Center were prospectively screened for susceptibility to caspofungin in vitro by the broth microdilution reference method of the Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Subcommittee of the European Committee on Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AFST-EUCAST). Twenty-eight isolates (25 C. albicans, 2 C. tropicalis, and 1 C. krusei isolate) for which the caspofungin MIC was above the MIC that inhibited 90% of the isolates of the corresponding species (MIC90) were subjected to molecular analysis in order to identify mutations in the fks1 gene. Substitutions in the deduced protein sequence of Fks1 were found for 8 isolates, and 20 isolates had the wild-type sequence. Among the six C. albicans isolates harboring mutations, six patterns were observed involving amino acid changes at positions 641, 645, 649, and 1358. For C. tropicalis, one isolate showed an L644W mutation, and for one C. krusei isolate, two mutations, L658W and L701M, were found. Two media, RPMI medium and AM3, were tested for their abilities to distinguish between isolates with wild-type Fks1 and those with mutant Fks1. In RPMI medium, caspofungin MICs ranged from 0.25 to 2 μg/ml for wild-type isolates and from 1 to 8 μg/ml for mutant isolates. A sharper difference was observed in AM3: all wild-type isolates were inhibited by 0.25 μg/ml of caspofungin, while caspofungin MICs for all mutant isolates were ≥0.5 μg/ml. These data demonstrate that clinical isolates of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei with decreased susceptibility to caspofungin in vitro have diverse mutations in the fks1 gene and that AM3 is potentially a better medium than RPMI for distinguishing between mutant and wild-type isolates using the AFST-EUCAST method.

scholarly journals Isolation of Tetracycline-Resistant Chlamydia suis from a Pig Herd Affected by Reproductive Disorders and Conjunctivitis

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Unterweger ◽  
Lukas Schwarz ◽  
Martina Jelocnik ◽  
Nicole Borel ◽  
René Brunthaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Tetracycline Treatment

Due to various challenges in diagnosing chlamydiosis in pigs, antibiotic treatment is usually performed before any molecular or antibiotic susceptibility testing. This could increase the occurrence of tetracycline-resistant Chlamydia (C.) suis isolates in the affected pig population and potentiate the reoccurrence of clinical signs. Here, we present a case of an Austrian pig farm, where tetracycline resistant and sensitive C. suis isolates were isolated from four finishers with conjunctivitis. On herd-level, 10% of the finishers suffered from severe conjunctivitis and sows showed a high percentage of irregular return to estrus. Subsequent treatment of whole-herd using oxytetracycline led to a significant reduction of clinical signs. Retrospective antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed tetracycline resistance and decreased susceptibility to doxycycline in half of the ocular C. suis isolates, and all isolates were able to partially recover following a single-dose tetracycline treatment in vitro. These findings were later confirmed in vivo, when all former clinical signs recurred three months later. This case report raises awareness of tetracycline resistance in C. suis and emphasizes the importance of preventative selection of tetracycline resistant C. suis isolates.

scholarly journals Mutant Prevention Concentrations of Imipenem and Meropenem againstPseudomonas aeruginosaandAcinetobacter baumannii

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Dahdouh ◽  
S. H. Shoucair ◽  
S. E. Salem ◽  
Z. Daoud
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Mutant Selection ◽  
Mechanism Of Resistance ◽  
Selection Window ◽  
Broth Macrodilution

The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of the MPC of carbapenems against clinical isolates ofPseudomonasspp.andAcinetobacterspp. and to assess its possible relationship with mechanisms of resistance. Detection of the mechanisms of resistance was performed using Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing, Double Disk Synergy, disk antagonism, addition of NaCl to the medium, addition of PBA or EDTA to Carbapenem disks, addition of PBA to Cefoxitin disks, and CCCP test for 10Pseudomonasspp. andAcinetobacter baumanniistrains. The MIC and MPC were determined using the broth macrodilution and plate dilution methods, respectively. FourAcinetobacter baumanniistrains produced MBL. Two of them produced Oxacillinase and one produced ESBL. TwoPseudomonasspp. isolates produced both KPC and MBL. The resistantAcinetobacterspp. andPseudomonasspp. strains had higher MPC values than susceptible ones. However, the Mutant Selection Window was found to be dependent on the degree of resistance but not on a particular mechanism of resistance. The usefulness of the MPC was found to be dependent on its value. Based on our data, we recommend determining the MPC for each isolate before using it during treatment. Furthermore, the use of T>MSW instead of T>MIC is suggested.

scholarly journals Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida isolated from ovine respiratory infection: A study from Karnataka, Southern India

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1947-1954
Author(s):  
Swati Sahay ◽  
Krithiga Natesan ◽  
Awadhesh Prajapati ◽  
Triveni Kalleshmurthy ◽  
Bibek Ranjan Shome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Sheep Population

Background and Aim: Respiratory infection due to Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida are responsible for huge economic losses in livestock sector globally and it is poorly understood in ovine population. The study aimed to investigate and characterize M. haemolytica and P. multocida from infected and healthy sheep to rule out the involvement of these bacteria in the disease. Materials and Methods: A total of 374 healthy and infected sheep samples were processed for isolation, direct detection by multiplex PCR (mPCR), and antibiotic susceptibility testing by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Results: Overall, 55 Pasteurella isolates (27 [7.2%] M. haemolytica and 28 [7.4%] P. multocida) were recovered and identified by bacteriological tests and species-specific PCR assays. Significant correlation between the detection of M. haemolytica (66.6%) with disease condition and P. multocida (19.1%) exclusively from infected sheep was recorded by mPCR. In vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing of 55 isolates revealed higher multidrug resistance in M. haemolytica (25.9%) than P. multocida (7.1%) isolates. Descending resistance towards penicillin (63.6%), oxytetracycline (23.6%), streptomycin (14.5%), and gentamicin (12.7%) and absolute sensitivity towards chloramphenicol were observed in both the pathogens. The antibiotic resistance genes such as strA (32.7%) and sul2 (32.7%) associated with streptomycin and sulfonamide resistance, respectively, were detected in the isolates. Conclusion: The study revealed the significant involvement of M. haemolytica together with P. multocida in ovine respiratory infection and is probably responsible for frequent disease outbreaks even after vaccination against hemorrhagic septicemia in sheep population of Karnataka, southern province of India.

scholarly journals Prevalence of constitutive and inducible clindamycin resistance among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary care institute in North India

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 3120
Author(s):  
Jeevan Shetty ◽  
Zarrin Afroz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance

Background: Clindamycin is an important drug used in the treatment of Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) as well as in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. This drug is widely used in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections caused by them. Therapeutic failure caused by macrolide-lincosamine-streptogramin B constitutive and inducible clindamycin resistance (MLSBc and MLSBi) is being more commonly reported.Methods: The present study was conducted over a period of six months from October 2016 to March 2017 to know the incidence of MLSBc and MLSBi in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolates obtained in our hospital by D-test as per CLSI guidelines. A total of 130 isolates of S.aureus were obtained from different clinical specimens which included pus/ wound swab (n=266), urine (n=577), sputum (n=225), blood (n=221), throat swab (n=71), ear/eye discharge (n=21), high vaginal swab (n=20) and body fluids (n=50). All the isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Amoxyclav, Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Co-trimoxazole, Tetracycline, Ofloxacin, Gentamicin, Linezolid and Vancomycin were the antibiotics used.Results: Out of 130 (8.9%) isolates of S. aureus obtained from 1451 clinical samples, 82 (63.1%) were found to be MSSA and 48 (36.9%) were MRSA. Among S. aureus, 43 (33.1%) isolates showed MLSBc resistance, 22 (16.9%) isolates showed MLSBi resistance and 20 (15.4%) isolates showed MS phenotype. The remaining 45 (34.6%) isolates remained sensitive to Erythromycin. Among MSSA, MLSBc were observed in 18 (22%) isolates and MLSBi in 9 (11%) while in MRSA, MLSBc were observed in 25 (52.1%) isolates and MLSBi in 13 (27.1%) isolates. Almost all clinical isolates showed 100% sensitivity to Vancomycin and Linezolid in routine antibiotic susceptibility testing. Both MLSBc and MLSBi resistance was significantly higher (p<0.05) in MRSA than in MSSA.Conclusions: The study emphasizes the importance of conducting D test along with routine antibiotic susceptibility testing for better utilization of clindamycin in S. aureus infections.

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