scholarly journals Antimicrobial Evaluation of N-Alkyl Betaines and N-Alkyl-N,N-Dimethylamine Oxides with Variations in Chain Length

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 2514-2517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine R. Birnie ◽  
Daniel Malamud ◽  
Roger L. Schnaare
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Amine Oxide ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation ◽  
Chain Lengths

ABSTRACT Alkyl betaines and alkyl dimethylamine oxides have been shown to have pronounced antimicrobial activity when used individually or in combination. Although several studies have been conducted with these compounds in combinations, only equimolar concentrations of the C12/C12 and C16/C14chain lengths for the betaine and the amine oxide, respectively, have been investigated. This study investigates the antimicrobial activity of a wide range of chain lengths (C8 to C18) for both the betaine and amine oxide and attempts to correlate their micelle-forming capabilities with their biological activity. A broth microdilution method was used to determine the MICs of these compounds singly and in various molar ratio combinations. Activity against bothStaphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was investigated. Antimicrobial activity was found to increase with increasing chain length for both homologous series up to a point, exhibiting a cutoff effect at chain lengths of approximately 16 for betaine and 14 for amine oxide. Additionally, the C18 oleyl derivative of both compounds exhibited activity in the same range as the peak alkyl compounds. Critical micelle concentrations were correlated with MICs, inferring that micellar activity may contribute to the cutoff effect in biological activity.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of the lozenge with garlic bulb powder

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 607-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Kundakovic ◽  
Ana Ciric ◽  
Marina Sokovic ◽  
Marina Milenkovic ◽  
Vesna Nikolic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Garlic Powder ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Garlic Bulb ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
New Formulation

According the tested antimicrobial activity of constituents and their chemical characteristics, a new formulation of oral antiseptic was made based on garlic bulb powder and its active principles with strong antimicrobial activity against wide range of bacteria and fungi. The antimicrobial activity of garlic bulb powder, allicin and the lozenge with 15% of garlic powder was tested using broth microdilution method. The tested garlic powder, as well lozenge has shown very high antimicrobial activity with MIC 1.25-5.00 mg/ml, and 1.87-7.50 mg/ml, respectively. The major compound allicin was highly active in very low concentration. Minimal inhibitory concentration of allicin was from 6.25-12.50 ?g/ml for antibacterial activity and 0.4 ?g/ml for antifungal activity. Those concentrations are comparable with concentration of commercially available antibiotics and fungicides. The formulation of an antiseptic with herbal constituents, high antibacterial and antifungal activity and pleasant taste could be an alternative to classical pharmaceutical oral antiseptics.

Antimicrobial Essential Oil Combinations to Combat Foot Odour

Planta Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (09/10) ◽  
pp. 662-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ané Orchard ◽  
Alvaro Viljoen ◽  
Sandy van Vuuren
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

AbstractFoot odour (bromodosis) is an embarrassing and perplexing condition mostly caused by bacteria of the Brevibacterium species. Essential oils are a credible option as an affordable treatment of odour and contribute towards antimicrobial efficacy. Therefore, this study sets out to investigate the antimicrobial activity of essential oil combinations against odour-causing bacteria. The broth microdilution method was used to investigate the antimicrobial activity of 119 essential oil combinations, and the fractional inhibitory index was calculated to determine the interactive profile. Combinations that resulted in synergy in 1 : 1 ratios were further evaluated in different concentrations, and isobolograms were plotted to determine the influence of the ratio on overall activity. Numerous combinations could be identified as having synergistic interactions against the Brevibacterium spp. and no antagonism was observed. The combination of Juniperus virginiana (juniper) and Styrax benzoin (benzoin) demonstrated synergy against all three Brevibacterium spp. tested and J. virginiana was the essential oil responsible for the majority of the synergistic interactions. The results reported here confirm the promising potential of the majority of these oils and selected combinations in treating and controlling bromodosis.

Physicochemical Characterization and In-Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan Extracted from Shrimp Shells Waste from Beni Saf Sea, Algeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Fatma Youcefi ◽  
Ali Riazi ◽  
Meriem Mokhtar ◽  
Tefiani Choukri ◽  
Khaouani Naima
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Molecular Arrangement ◽  
Shrimp Shells ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Chitosan is the most abundant natural organic polymer in nature. Its positive charge and its molecular arrangement confer interesting properties on the plane food, pharmaceutical, medical, cosmetic, water treatment. The present study was undertaken to study the physiochemical parameters and the in vitro antimicrobial activity of chitosan extracted from shrimp shells waste. The molecular weight of chitosan is 1414.33±16.99 kDa with, the percent of Ash 0,345±0,040 %, moisture is 2,98 ±0,13 % , and protein is 0.3 ±0,041 %.Chitosan produced (5 %) was also characterized with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) the spectrum of the chitosan sample from the shell recorded 16 peaks in the range of 689.40/cm and 3430.02 /cm. The antibacterial and antifungul activities of chitosan were examined against Escherichia coli ATCC10536, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC7644, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, Aspergillus niger ATCC 16888 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 by agar wells diffusion the tests inhibitions zones diameters were 49,74± 0,75 , 54,35±0,93 , 42,27±1,07 , 32,95±0,28 and 53,73±0,64mm respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using a broth microdilution method against tested microorganisms was ranging from 008% to 1.22%. These results open interesting perspectives of the chitosan. It can be used as new biomaterial with utility in many industrial areas.

A COMPARISON OF THE BINDING OF ANTITHROMBIN III AND HEPARIN COFACTOR II TO HEPARINS, NATURALLY OCCURRING GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS AND OTHER SULPHATED POLYMERS

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Dawes ◽  
D S Pepper
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Heparin Binding ◽  
Dextran Sulphate ◽  
Heparin Cofactor Ii ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pentosan Polysulphate ◽  
Binding Sequence

Antithrombin III (ATIII) and heparin cofactor II (HCII) are currently thought to be the most important protein mediators of the anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities of glycosamino-glycans. A simple, quantitative method for assessing the affinity of a protein for a sulphated polymer in the liquid phase, based on competition with immobilised heparin, has been developed. Using this technique, the binding of ATIII and HCII to a wide range of glycosaminoglycans and other sulphated polymers have been compared, and the contributions to binding of size, degree of sulphation and backbone structure of the polymers analysed.In the presence of the high protein concentrations found in plasma, unfractionated heparin inhibited the binding of ATIII to immobilised heparin with a Ki of 1 x 10-6. Binding was destroyed by N-desulphation. 1 Results with a range of low molecular weight (LMW) heparins and heparan sulphates are consistent with the view that they all contain the ATIII-binding sequence, but at a lower molar ratio than heparin. Highly sulphated synthetic polymers such as dextran sulphate bound ATIII by a different mechanism, which was molecular weight-dependent.The affinity of HCII for heparins increased markedly with heparin chain length. Binding was largely, but not entirely, mediated by sulphate residues. HCII bound to heparan and dermatan sulphates with lower affinities than to heparin, and to synthetic sulphated polymers with similar or higher affinities. Pentosan polysulphate (SP54) bound HCII as effectively as did heparin. Binding of HCII to dextran sulphate was highly dependent on molecular weight. The affinity of HCII for a sulphated polymer appears to depend both on its chain length and density of sulphation.Thus the profiles of binding of ATIII and HCII to glycosaminoglycans and other sulphated polymers are quite different. This technique is useful both for investigating the interactions of existing therapeutic anticoagulants and assessing new products.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Anthriscus nemorosa Root Essential Oil

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100600
Author(s):  
Milica Pavlović ◽  
Silvana Petrović ◽  
Marina Milenković ◽  
Maria Couladis ◽  
Olga Tzakou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis Atcc ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Root Essential Oil

The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the roots of Anthriscus nemorosa (Bieb.) Sprengel (Umbelliferae) was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Among sixty-two compounds identified (representing 89.0% of the total oil), the main components were: n-nonane (12.1%), n-hexadecanol (6.9%), δ-cadinene (6.4%), β-pinene (6.0%) and germacrene D (5.4%). Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228) and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), the Gramnegative bacterium Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and a yeast Candida albicans (ATCC 10259 and ATCC 24433) using the broth microdilution method.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Exebacase (Lysin CF-301) against the Most Common Causes of Infective Endocarditis

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aubrey Watson ◽  
Jun Taek Oh ◽  
Karen Sauve ◽  
Patricia A. Bradford ◽  
Cara Cassino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Cell Wall Hydrolase ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Common Causes

ABSTRACT Exebacase, a recombinantly produced lysin (cell wall hydrolase), and comparator antibiotics were tested by the broth microdilution method against strain sets of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus spp., which are the most common causes of infective endocarditis in humans. Exebacase was active against all Staphylococcus spp. tested, including S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (MIC50/90, 0.5/1 μg/ml). Activity against Streptococcus spp. was variable, with S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, and S. dysgalactiae (MIC50/90, 1/2 μg/ml) among the most susceptible.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Olea europaea Fatty Oil against Multi-Drug Resistant and Biofilm Forming Microorganisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-502
Author(s):  
Haifaa Bawie NAJEE ◽  
Dunya ALKURJIA ◽  
Othman ALMAHDAWY ◽  
Crina KAMERZAN ◽  
Luminita MARUTESCU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Fatty Oil ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Microtiter Assay ◽  
Olea Europaéa

The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential antimicrobial activity of Olea europaea fatty oil against a collection of bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungal (Candida albicans) clinical isolates. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity were evaluated by broth microdilution method for establishing the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and microtiter assay for determining the minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC). Some of the potential microbial targets of the fatty oil were investigated by flow cytometry (FCM). The results obtained hereby revealed that Olea europaea fatty oil inhibited microbial planktonic growth (MICs values of 5.23-41.8 mg/ mL) and biofilm development on inert substrata (MBEC values of 1.31-20.9 mg/ mL). The FCM measurements confirmed that the analyzed oil induced microbial membrane damages and inhibited microbial efflux pump activity.

scholarly journals Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of the leaves of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) cultivar Cacanska crna

2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Stevic ◽  
Katarina Savikin ◽  
Mihailo Ristic ◽  
Gordana Zdunic ◽  
Teodora Jankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Flame Ionization Detection ◽  
Ribes Nigrum ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Micro Organisms

The essential oil from the leaves of the Serbian black currant cultivar Cacanska crna, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by gas Chromatography flame ionization detection and GC-mass spectrometry. The most abundant volatile compounds were ?3-carene (18.7 %), ?-caryophyllene (17.7 %), sabinene (11.6 %), cis-?-ocimene (10.6 %) and ?-terpinolene (10.6%). The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated against 14 micro-organisms, including two clinical isolated strains, using the broth microdilution method. The most susceptible micro-organisms were Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes isolates. Furthermore, the flavonol aglycones in the leaves after acid hydrolysis were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed by HPLC, and quercetin was found to be the dominant compound (84 mg/g dw).

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Erodium species: E. ciconium L., E. cicutarium L., and E. absinthoides Willd. (Geraniaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorica Stojanović-Radić ◽  
Ljiljana Čomić ◽  
Niko Radulović ◽  
Milan Dekić ◽  
Vladimir Ranđelović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

AbstractThe present study gives results of chemical composition analyses and antimicrobial activity testing of three Erodium species: E. ciconium L., E. cicutarium L., and E. absinthoides Willd. Essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation from air-dried entire plants and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. A total of 209 different compounds were identified: 162 for E. cicutarium, 107 for E. ciconium, and 79 for E. absinthoides. Antimicrobial activity (broth microdilution method) of the oils was screened against a panel of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and a number of fungi. Moderate susceptibility of all tested strains was observed. Determined MIC values were 0.156–5 mg mL−1 (bacterial strains) and 0.039–0.325 mg mL−1 (fungal strains). Major component of the most active oil, palmitic acid, was also tested for activity together with stearic and myristic acids.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Thymus pannonicus All. (Lamiaceae) essential oil

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Maksimović ◽  
Marina Milenković ◽  
Dragana Vučićević ◽  
Mihailo Ristić
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a study on chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Thymus pannonicus All. (Lamiaceae) essential oil from Vojvodina province (north of Serbia). The investigated oil was hydrodistilled from a flowering plant and analysed by GC and GC-MS. Fifty-three constituents were identified (>97% of total oil), with geranial (41.42%, w/w) and neral (29.61%, w/w) as the most prominent. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated using agar disc diffusion and broth microdilution method against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, two strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and two strains of Candida albicans. The essential oil exhibited antimicrobial activity to varying degrees against all tested strains. The maximum activity of T. Pannonicus oil was observed against E. coli, S. aureus and both tested strains of C. Albicans (MIC = 50 µ/ml, each). Moderate activity was observed against P. aeruginosa and one of the tested strains of K. Pneumoniae (MIC = 200 µ/ml), while E. faecalis and the other strain of K. Pneumoniae expressed a higher degree of resistance (MIC > 200 µ/ml). This study confirms that essential oil of T. pannonicus possesses remarkable in vitro antimicrobial activity against several medicinally important pathogens. This is attributable to lemon-scented citral, a mixture of geranial and neral, which has well-documented antimicrobial activity against a range of bacteria and fungi.

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