Physicochemical Characterization and In-Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan Extracted from Shrimp Shells Waste from Beni Saf Sea, Algeria

Chitosan is the most abundant natural organic polymer in nature. Its positive charge and its molecular arrangement confer interesting properties on the plane food, pharmaceutical, medical, cosmetic, water treatment. The present study was undertaken to study the physiochemical parameters and the in vitro antimicrobial activity of chitosan extracted from shrimp shells waste. The molecular weight of chitosan is 1414.33±16.99 kDa with, the percent of Ash 0,345±0,040 %, moisture is 2,98 ±0,13 % , and protein is 0.3 ±0,041 %.Chitosan produced (5 %) was also characterized with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) the spectrum of the chitosan sample from the shell recorded 16 peaks in the range of 689.40/cm and 3430.02 /cm. The antibacterial and antifungul activities of chitosan were examined against Escherichia coli ATCC10536, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC7644, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, Aspergillus niger ATCC 16888 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 by agar wells diffusion the tests inhibitions zones diameters were 49,74± 0,75 , 54,35±0,93 , 42,27±1,07 , 32,95±0,28 and 53,73±0,64mm respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using a broth microdilution method against tested microorganisms was ranging from 008% to 1.22%. These results open interesting perspectives of the chitosan. It can be used as new biomaterial with utility in many industrial areas.

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In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of the Siderophore Cephalosporin Cefiderocol against Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Recovered from Clinical Samples

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10111309 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1309

Author(s):

Davide Carcione ◽

Claudia Siracusa ◽

Adela Sulejmani ◽

Roberta Migliavacca ◽

Alessandra Mercato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Broth Microdilution ◽

Large Variability ◽

Gold Standard Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Test ◽

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Broth Microdilution Method

Background: Cefiderocol is a siderophore cephalosporin that exhibits antimicrobial activity against most multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Methods: A total of 20 multidrug-resistant A. baumannii strains were isolated from 2020 to 2021, molecularly characterized and tested to assess the in vitro antibacterial activity of cefiderocol. Thirteen strains were carbapenem-hydrolysing oxacillinase OXA-23-like producers, while seven were non-OXA-23-like producers. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by broth microdilution, considered as the gold standard method. Disk diffusion test was also carried out using iron-depleted CAMHB plates for cefiderocol. Results: Cefiderocol MICs ranged from 0.5 to 1 mg/L for OXA-23-like non-producing A. baumannii strains and from 0.25 to >32 mg/L for OXA-23-like producers, using the broth microdilution method. Cefiderocol MIC90 was 8 mg/L. Diameter of inhibition zone of cefiderocol ranged from 18 to 25 mm for OXA-23-like non-producers and from 15 to 36 mm for OXA-23-like producers, using the diffusion disk method. A large variability and a low reproducibility were observed during the determination of diameter inhibition zone. Molecular characterization showed that all isolates presented the ISAba1 genetic element upstream the blaOXA-51. Among OXA-23-like non-producers, four were blaOXA-58 positive and two were negative for all the resistance determinants analyzed. Conclusions: Cefiderocol showed in vitro antimicrobial activity against both carbapenem-susceptible and non-susceptible A. baumannii strains, although some OXA-23-like producers were resistant. Further clinical studies are needed to consolidate the role of cefiderocol as an antibiotic against MDR A. baumannii.

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Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Thymus pannonicus All. (Lamiaceae) essential oil

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.2478/s11535-008-0013-x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 149-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Zoran Maksimović ◽

Marina Milenković ◽

Dragana Vučićević ◽

Mihailo Ristić

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Maximum Activity ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Moderate Activity ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Agar Disc ◽

Broth Microdilution Method

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a study on chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Thymus pannonicus All. (Lamiaceae) essential oil from Vojvodina province (north of Serbia). The investigated oil was hydrodistilled from a flowering plant and analysed by GC and GC-MS. Fifty-three constituents were identified (>97% of total oil), with geranial (41.42%, w/w) and neral (29.61%, w/w) as the most prominent. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated using agar disc diffusion and broth microdilution method against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, two strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and two strains of Candida albicans. The essential oil exhibited antimicrobial activity to varying degrees against all tested strains. The maximum activity of T. Pannonicus oil was observed against E. coli, S. aureus and both tested strains of C. Albicans (MIC = 50 µ/ml, each). Moderate activity was observed against P. aeruginosa and one of the tested strains of K. Pneumoniae (MIC = 200 µ/ml), while E. faecalis and the other strain of K. Pneumoniae expressed a higher degree of resistance (MIC > 200 µ/ml). This study confirms that essential oil of T. pannonicus possesses remarkable in vitro antimicrobial activity against several medicinally important pathogens. This is attributable to lemon-scented citral, a mixture of geranial and neral, which has well-documented antimicrobial activity against a range of bacteria and fungi.

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Evaluation of Anti-Propionibacterium Acnes and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Polyphenolic Extracts of Medicinal Herbs in Jordan

Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal ◽

10.13005/bpj/1629 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 211-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Luay Abu-Qatouseh ◽

Eyad Mallah ◽

Kenza Mansour

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Propionibacterium Acnes ◽

Acne Vulgaris ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Phenolic Contents ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common health problem where medical treatment is sought in adults worldwide. It has been long described the integral role of Propionibacterium acnes in the pathogenesis of this disease. In this study, a group of local herbs known for their antimicrobial effects were selected for the evaluation of potential anti-acnes effects in vitro. Phenolics and flavonoid contents of methanolic extracts of Eucalyptus globulus, Mentha rotundifolia, Inula viscosa, Utrica dioica, Malva sylvestris, Quercus calliprinos, Arum palaestinum and Achille aodorata collected from different regions in Jordan during 2016-2017 were screened for antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes by disc diffusion and by broth microdilution method. Measurement of release of interleukin 1 alpha from human skin explants by ELISA was used for the evaluation of anti-inflammatory effects of the herbal preparations and extracts. M. rotundifolia and E. globulus, showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents in contrast to M. sylvestris which showed the least phenolic contents. Moreover, polyphenolic fractions exhibited modest anti-acne activity of herbal extracts of E. globulus and A. palaestinum (MIC 0.125 mg/ml), U. dioica (0.25 mg/ml) and I. viscosa (0.5 mg/ml), compared to not significant antimicrobial activity for others (MIC >1mg/ml). Regarding anti-inflammatory effects of the tested fractions, E. globulus and A. palaestinum extracts showed inhibition of interleukin 1 alpha release by more than 60 % for concentrations of 0.5 mg/ml respectively. The presence of anti-inflammatory and anti-acne activities in the polyphenolic extracts of local medicinal plants would increase the potential of using these herbs in the control of Acne vulgaris.

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In Vitro Control of Uropathogenic Microorganisms with the Ethanolic Extract from the Leaves of Cochlospermum regium (Schrank) Pilger

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2017/4687154 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Danny Ellen Meireles Leme ◽

Allan Belarmino Rodrigues ◽

Adriana Araújo de Almeida-Apolonio ◽

Fabiana Gomes da Silva Dantas ◽

Melyssa Fernanda Norman Negri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Phenolic Compounds ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Genitourinary Infections

The roots of Cochlospermum regium, popularly known as “algodãozinho-do-cerrado,” are used for the treatment of genitourinary infections. However, the removal of their subterranean structures results in the death of the plant, and the use of the leaves becomes a viable alternative. Therefore, the antimicrobial activity of Cochlospermum regium leaf’s ethanolic extract and its action on the biofilm formation of microorganisms associated with urinary infection were evaluated. The total phenolic compounds, flavoids, and tannins were quantified using the reagents Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride, and vanillin, respectively. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the broth microdilution method and the effect of the extract in the biofilm treatment was measured by the drop plate method. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the method based on the reduction of MTS and the mutagenicity by the Ames test. The ethanolic extract of C. regium leaves presented 87.4 mg/EQ of flavonoids, 167.2 mg/EAG of total phenolic compounds, and 21.7 mg/ECA of condensed tannins. It presented reduction of the biofilm formation for E. coli and C. tropicalis and antimicrobial action of 1 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL, respectively. The extract showed no cytotoxicity and mutagenicity at the concentrations tested. This study demonstrated that C. regium leaves are a viable option for the treatment of genitourinary infections and for the species preservation.

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Synthesis and Evaluation of the in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Triazoles, Morpholines and Thiosemicarbazones

Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1573406414666180730111954 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 38-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Felipe R.S. Santos ◽

Jéssica T. Andrade ◽

Carla D.F. Sousa ◽

Joice S. Fernandes ◽

Lucas F. Carmo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Antimicrobial Drugs ◽

Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽

E Coli ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Microbial Infections

Background: Microbial infections is a global public health problem. The aim of this work was to synthesize and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of novel triazoles, morpholines and thiosemicarbazones. </P><P> Methods: Compounds were synthesized using 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde as starting materials. The antimicrobial activity of these compounds against bacteria and yeast was evaluated by the broth microdilution method. Results: The proposed route for synthesis gave high to moderate yields, moreover these compounds were successfully characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and LC-MS. Antimicrobial testing indicated that the thiosemicarbazone and morphine derivatives had the best antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms tested with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) between 0.29 and 5.30 µM. Thiosemicarbazone derivative (12) was able to inhibit the growth of C. tropicalis, with minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 0.55 µM. In addition, this compound was active against E. coli, S. aureus and S. epidermidis, with MIC values ranging from 0.29 to 1.11 µM. Moreover, the morpholine derivative (15) had an MIC value of 0.83 µM against C. albicans and E. coli. Conclusion: We have efficiently synthesized a series of eleven novel triazoles, thiosemicarbazones and morpholine derivatives using 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde as starting materials. Thiosemicarbazone derivative (12) showed promising antifungal and antibacterial activity and these findings suggest that this compound can be used as scaffolds to design new antimicrobial drugs.

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Improved synthesis and in vitro study of antimicrobial activity of α,β-unsaturated and α-bromo carboxylic acids

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc111104016v ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 77 (6) ◽

pp. 741-750 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vesna Vitnik ◽

Marina Milenkovic ◽

Sanda Dilber ◽

Zeljko Vitnik ◽

Ivan Juranic

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Carboxylic Acids ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Phase Transfer ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Lithium Hydroxide ◽

Significant Activity ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method

A series of ?,?-unsaturated and ?-bromo carboxylic acids were identified as potent antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using broth microdilution method. All acids 1-12 exhibit a significant activity against nine laboratory control strains of bacteria and two strains of yeast Candida albicans. The tested acids were efficiently prepared by optimized phase-transfer-catalyzed (PTC) reactions of ketones with bromoform and aqueous lithium hydroxide in alcoholic solvent with TEBA as catalyst.

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PLGA/Nano-ZnO Composite Particles for Use in Biomedical Applications: Preparation, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2016/9425289 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ana Stanković ◽

Meltem Sezen ◽

Marina Milenković ◽

Sonja Kaišarević ◽

Nebojša Andrić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

In Vitro Toxicity ◽

Drying Methods ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Nano Zno ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method

Copolymer poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) is extensively investigated for various biomedical applications such as controlled drug delivery or carriers in the tissue engineering. In addition, zinc oxide (ZnO) is widely used in biomedicine especially for materials like dental composites, as a constituent of creams for the treatment of a variety of skin irritations, to enhance the antibacterial activity of different medicaments and so on. Uniform, spherical ZnO nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) have been synthesized via microwave synthesis method. In addition to obtaining nano-ZnO, a further aim was to examine their immobilization in the PLGA polymer matrix (PLGA/nano-ZnO) and this was done by a simple physicochemical solvent/nonsolvent method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, laser diffraction particle size analyzer, differential thermal analysis, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The synthesized PLGA/nano-ZnO particles are spherical, uniform, and with diameters below 1 µm. The influence of the different solvents and the drying methods during the synthesis was investigated too. The biocompatibility of the samples is discussed in terms of in vitro toxicity on human hepatoma HepG2 cells by application of MTT assay and the antimicrobial activity was evaluated by broth microdilution method against different groups of microorganisms (Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and yeastCandida albicans).

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In vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts and their fractions from three Eryngium L. species

Herba Polonica ◽

10.1515/hepo-2016-0012 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 67-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Małgorzata Kikowska ◽

Jolanta Długaszewska ◽

Marcelina Maria Kubicka ◽

Izabela Kędziora ◽

Jaromir Budzianowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Antifungal Agents ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Pure Compounds ◽

Saponin Fraction

SummaryIntroduction:Due to increasing resistance against antibiotics and antifungal agents, crude plant extracts, fractions, and isolated pure compounds became a new interest as antimicrobial agents.Objectives:The antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts and fractions ofEryngium planumL.,E. campestreL., andE. maritimumL. was evaluated against selected bacteria, yeast and mould, and compared in testedEryngiumspecies and in their organs.Methods:The antimicrobial activity was studied with use of broth microdilution method. The antibacterial (Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and antifungal (Candida albicans,Aspergillus niger) activity of selected extracts and fractions compared with the reference substance was expressed by Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal/Fungicidal Concentration (MBC/MFC). The extract and fraction compounds were identified on the basis of TLC examination.Results:The saponin-phenolic acid fractions ofE. maritimumandE. planumand a saponin fraction ofE. planumshowed the highest activity againstS. aureus(MIC = 1–2.5 mg·ml−1). The growth ofC. albicanswas inhibited by methanolic extract ofE. planumcell suspension culture (MIC = 7.8 mg·ml−1).Conclusion:The antimicrobial activity depends on theEryngiumspecies, tested biomass, and microorganism.

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Stereospecific ligands and their complexes, Part VIII: Antimicrobial activity of palladium(II) complexes with 0,0'-dialkyl esters of (S,S)-ethylenediamine-N,N'-di-2-(4-methyl)-pentanoic acid

Hemijska industrija ◽

10.2298/hemind110928096i ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 349-355 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dragoslav Ilic ◽

Jelena Vujic ◽

Ivana Radojevic ◽

Olgica Stefanovic ◽

Ljiljana Comic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

General Formula ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Pentanoic Acid ◽

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

Palladium(II) complexes (1-4) of general formula [PdCl2(R2-S,S-eddp)] with bidentate N,N?-ligands, O,O'-dialkyl esters (R = ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl and n-pentyl), of (S,S)-ethylenediamine-N,N?-di-2-(4-methyl)pentanoic acid (S,S-eddp) were prepared and characterized by microanalysis, infrared and UV/VIS spectroscopy. The ligands and its complexes were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against 15 species of bacteria and fungi. Testing is performed by the microdilution method, with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC) being determined. The MIC values were in range from 4.9 ?g cm-3 to > 5000 ?g cm-3 while MMC values ranged from 78 ?g cm-3 to > 5000 ?g cm-3. Palladium(II) complexes [PdCl2(Ln)] (n = 1-4) have statistically significant higher activity than the corresponding ligands. The complex 4 displayed the strongest activity among all tested compounds.

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