scholarly journals Susceptibilities of Oral Bacteria and Yeast to Mammalian Cathelicidins

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 3216-3219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet M. Guthmiller ◽  
Kaaren G. Vargas ◽  
Rupasree Srikantha ◽  
Lori L. Schomberg ◽  
Paula L. Weistroffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguis ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Oral Yeasts ◽  
Potential Use

ABSTRACT The effects of cathelicidins against oral bacteria and clinically important oral yeasts are not known. We tested the susceptibilities of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum,Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus sanguis, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans to the following cathelicidins: FALL39, SMAP29, and CAP18. SMAP29 and CAP18 were antimicrobial, whereas FALL39 did not exhibit antimicrobial activity. Future studies are needed to determine the potential use of these antimicrobial peptides in prevention and treatment of oral infections.

scholarly journals Modulation of immunoreactivity to periodontal disease-associated microorganisms during pregnancy

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
D E Lopatin ◽  
K S Kornman ◽  
W J Loesche
Keyword(s):  
Tetanus Toxoid ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Lymphocyte Response ◽  
Autologous Plasma ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguis ◽  
Blastogenic Response ◽  
Cells Cultured

The lymphocyte blastogenic response to a panel of antigens and mitogens was assessed in a group of 20 women throughout their pregnancy. In addition, a group of five nonpregnant women was monitored simultaneously to identify variations in response to the same stimulants. The stimulants included orally associated bacterial antigens (Streptococcus sanguis, Actinomyces viscosus, Bacteroides asaccharolyticus, Bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius, Bacteroides [Capnocytophaga] ochraceus, and Fusobacterium nucleatum) and non-orally associated-stimulants (streptokinase-streptodornase, tetanus toxoid, concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, and pokeweed mitogen). Intrinsic (cells cultured in male AB plasma) suppression of the lymphocyte response to these stimulants was observed to occur by the second trmester of pregnancy and was resolved after parturition. Additionally, an extrinsic (cells cultured in autologous plasma) suppression was also suggested to occur in a similar manner. There was no detectable enhancement of the blastogenic response to oral bacteria associated with elevated gingivitis, which is generally reported to occur during nonpregnancy gingivitis. We propose that concomitant immunosuppression occurs during the second trimester, which masks such enhancement.

Fretibacterium fastidiosum gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the human oral cavity

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_2) ◽  
pp. 458-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia R. Vartoukian ◽  
Julia Downes ◽  
Richard M. Palmer ◽  
William G. Wade
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acids ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Peptone Yeast Extract Glucose

SGP1T, a strain belonging to a lineage of the phylum Synergistetes with no previously cultivated representatives was subjected to a comprehensive range of phenotypic and genotypic tests. For good growth the strain was dependent on co-culture with, or extracts from, selected other oral bacteria. Cells of strain SGP1T were asaccharolytic and major amounts of acetic acid and moderate amounts of propionic acid were produced as end products of metabolism in peptone-yeast extract-glucose broth supplemented with a filtered cell sonicate of Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586T (25 %, v/v). Hydrogen sulphide was produced and gelatin was weakly hydrolysed. The major cellular fatty acids were C14 : 0, C18 : 0 and C16 : 0. The DNA G+C content of strain SGP1T was 63 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length 16S rRNA gene showed that strain SGP1T represented a novel group within the phylum Synergistetes . A novel species in a new genus, Fretibacterium fastidiosum gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of Fretibacterium fastidiosum is SGP1T ( = DSM 25557T = JCM 16858T).

scholarly journals Effect of S-PRG Eluate on Biofilm Formation and Enzyme Activity of Oral Bacteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Yoneda ◽  
Nao Suzuki ◽  
Yosuke Masuo ◽  
Akie Fujimoto ◽  
Kosaku Iha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Gelatin Film ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Microtiter Plate Assay ◽  
Substrate Hydrolysis ◽  
Adherence Ability

Recently, the antibacterial activity of a composite resin containing prereacted glass ionomer (S-PRG) filler was revealed. We examined the effect of an S-PRG eluate on various biologic activities ofStreptococcus mutansandPorphyromonas gingivalis. Adherence ability ofS. mutanswas evaluated by microtiter plate assay; protease and gelatinase activities ofP. gingivaliswere examined by synthetic substrate hydrolysis and gelatin film spot assay, respectively. Coaggregation ofP. gingivaliswithFusobacterium nucleatumwas also examined. S-PRG eluate was found to suppress streptococcal adherence. S-PRG eluate inhibited the protease and gelatinase activities ofP. gingivalisand the coaggregation betweenP. gingivalisandF. nucleatum. These results indicate that S-PRG eluate suppresses streptococcal adherence and inhibits the protease and coaggregation activities ofP. gingivalis. These findings may prompt research into novel strategies for preventing caries and periodontitis.

A Review of the Efficacy of Systemically Administered Decongestants in the Prevention and Treatment of Otitis Media

1981 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Grundfast
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Adjunctive Therapy ◽  
Systemic Administration ◽  
Adrenergic Agents ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Studies designed to determine the efficacy of alpha-adrenergic agents and antihistamines in the prevention and treatment of otitis media are reviewed. Although some studies demonstrate a pharmacologic rationale for use of decongestants, results of clinical trials fail to demonstrate conclusively that decongestant medication is effective as primary or adjunctive therapy for otitis media. The clinician is advised to await results of future studies before accepting the notion that the systemic administration of sympathomimetic agents and antihistamines is effective in the treatment of otitis media.

scholarly journals New Pyrimidinone-Fused 1,4-Naphthoquinone Derivatives Inhibit the Growth of Drug Resistant Oral Bacteria

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Kyungmin Kim ◽  
Daseul Kim ◽  
Hyunjin Lee ◽  
Tae Hoon Lee ◽  
Ki-Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Phenyl Group ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Background: Dental caries is considered to be a preventable disease, and various antimicrobial agents have been developed for the prevention of dental disease. However, many bacteria show resistance to existing agents. Methods/Principal Findings: In this study, four known 1,4-naphthoquinones and newly synthesized 10 pyrimidinone-fused 1,4-naphthoquinones, i.e. KHQ 701, 702, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717 and 718, were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinomyces viscosus and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Pyrimidinone-fused 1,4-naphthoquinones were synthesized in good yields through a series of chemical reactions from a commercially available 1,4-dihydroxynaphthoic acid. MIC values of KHQ 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717 and 718 were 6.25–50 μg/mL against E. faecalis (CCARM 5511), 6.25–25 μg/mL against E. faecium (KACC11954) and S. aureus (CCARM 3506), 1.56–25 μg/mL against S. epidermidis (KACC 13234), 3.125–100 μg/mL against S. mutans (KACC16833), 1.56–100 μg/mL against S. sobrinus (KCTC5809) and P. gingivalis (KCTC 5352), 3.125–50 μg/mL against A. viscosus (KCTC 9146) and 3.125–12.5 μg/mL against F. nucleatum (KCTC 2640) with a broth microdilution assay. A disk diffusion assay with KHQ derivatives also exhibited strong susceptibility with inhibition zones of 0.96 to 1.2 cm in size against P. gingivalis. Among the 10 compounds evaluated, KHQ 711, 712, 713, 715, 716 and 717 demonstrated strong antimicrobial activities against the 9 types of pathogenic oral bacteria. A pyrimidin-4-one moiety comprising a phenyl group at the C2 position and a benzyl group at the N3 position appears to be essential for physiological activity. Conclusion/Significance: Pyrimidinone-fused 1,4-naphthoquinones synthesized from simple starting compounds and four known 1,4-naphthoquinones were synthesized and showed strong antibacterial activity to the 9 common oral bacteria. These results suggest that these derivatives should be prospective for the treatment of dental diseases caused by oral bacteria, including drug-resistant strains.

scholarly journals Evaluation of different iron sources and their influence in biofilm formation by the dental pathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Rhodes ◽  
Christopher J. Shoemaker ◽  
Sharon M. Menke ◽  
Richard E. Edelmann ◽  
Luis A. Actis
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Iron Chelator ◽  
Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Cell Responses

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, a pathogen associated with oral and extra-oral infections, requires iron to grow under limiting conditions. Although incapable of producing siderophores, this pathogen could acquire iron by direct interaction with compounds such as haemin, haemoglobin, lactoferrin and transferrin. In this work the ability of different A. actinomycetemcomitans strains to bind and use different iron sources was tested. None of the strains tested used haemoglobin, lactoferrin or transferrin as sole sources of iron. However, all of them used FeCl3 and haemin as iron sources under chelated conditions. Dot-blot binding assays showed that all strains bind lactoferrin, haemoglobin and haemin, but not transferrin. Insertion inactivation of hmsF, which encodes a predicted cell-envelope protein related to haemin-storage proteins produced by other pathogens, reduced haemin and Congo red binding drastically without affecting haemin utilization as an iron source under chelated conditions. Biofilm assays showed that all strains tested attached to and formed biofilms on plastic under iron-rich and iron-chelated conditions. However, scanning electron microscopy showed that smooth strains formed simpler biofilms than rough isolates. Furthermore, the incubation of rough cells in the presence of FeCl3 or haemin resulted in the formation of more aggregates and microcolonies compared with the fewer cell aggregates formed when cells were grown in the presence of the synthetic iron chelator dipyridyl. These cell responses to changes in extracellular iron concentrations may reflect those that this pathogen expresses under the conditions it encounters in the human oral cavity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document