A Review of the Efficacy of Systemically Administered Decongestants in the Prevention and Treatment of Otitis Media

1981 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Grundfast
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Adjunctive Therapy ◽  
Systemic Administration ◽  
Adrenergic Agents ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Studies designed to determine the efficacy of alpha-adrenergic agents and antihistamines in the prevention and treatment of otitis media are reviewed. Although some studies demonstrate a pharmacologic rationale for use of decongestants, results of clinical trials fail to demonstrate conclusively that decongestant medication is effective as primary or adjunctive therapy for otitis media. The clinician is advised to await results of future studies before accepting the notion that the systemic administration of sympathomimetic agents and antihistamines is effective in the treatment of otitis media.

Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy: Evidence from Clinical Trials and Perspectives

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Abbate ◽  
Paolo Cravedi ◽  
Ilian Iliev ◽  
Giuseppe Remuzzi ◽  
Piero Ruggenenti
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

The Use of Methotrexate in Rheumatoid Arthritis

1985 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Letendre ◽  
Douglas J. DeJong ◽  
Donald R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Systemic Administration ◽  
Refractory Disease ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Folic Acid Antagonist ◽  
Acid Antagonist

The use of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis is reviewed. Methotrexate, a folic acid antagonist, is sometimes employed in an attempt to symptomatically control patients whose disease does not respond adequately to conventional therapies. Systemic administration of 7.5–15 mg/wk in a “pulse” fashion appears to be effective without precipitating severe adverse effects. However, concern over potentially serious side effects and a lack of well-controlled clinical trials have limited its use to severe, refractory disease. Further studies are needed before its role in rheumatoid arthritis can justifiably be expanded.

scholarly journals Modulation of Gut Microbiota for the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2903
Author(s):  
Jiezhong Chen ◽  
Luis Vitetta
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Bacterial Metabolites ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

The gut microbiota is well known to exert multiple benefits on human health including protection from disease causing pathobiont microbes. It has been recognized that healthy intestinal microbiota is of great importance in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Gut dysbiosis caused by various reasons is associated with severe COVID-19. Therefore, the modulation of gut microbiota and supplementation of commensal bacterial metabolites could reduce the severity of COVID-19. Many approaches have been studied to improve gut microbiota in COVID-19 including probiotics, bacterial metabolites, and prebiotics, as well as nutraceuticals and trace elements. So far, 19 clinical trials for testing the efficacy of probiotics and synbiotics in COVID-19 prevention and treatment are ongoing. In this narrative review, we summarize the effects of various approaches on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and discuss associated mechanisms.

scholarly journals A Review of Repurposed Cancer Drugs in Clinical Trials for Potential Treatment of COVID-19

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 815
Author(s):  
Bárbara Costa ◽  
Nuno Vale
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Effective Drugs

The pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents an unprecedented challenge to identify effective drugs for prevention and treatment. While the world’s attention is focused on news of COVID-19 vaccine updates, clinical management still requires improvement. Due to the similarity of cancer-induced inflammation, immune dysfunction, and coagulopathy to COVID-19, anticancer drugs, such as Interferon, Pembrolizumab or Bicalutamide, are already being tested in clinical trials for repurposing, alone or in combination. Given the rapid pace of scientific discovery and clinical data generated by the large number of people rapidly infected, clinicians need effective medical treatments for this infection.

scholarly journals The Effects of Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Natural Compounds on Homocysteine

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3081
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amin Atazadegan ◽  
Mohammad Bagherniya ◽  
Gholamreza Askari ◽  
Aida Tasbandi ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Serum Homocysteine ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Background: Among non-communicable diseases, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in global communities. By 2030, CVD-related deaths are projected to reach a global rise of 25 million. Obesity, smoking, alcohol, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and hyperhomocysteinemia are several known risk factors for CVDs. Elevated homocysteine is tightly related to CVDs through multiple mechanisms, including inflammation of the vascular endothelium. The strategies for appropriate management of CVDs are constantly evolving; medicinal plants have received remarkable attention in recent researches, since these natural products have promising effects on the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases. The effects of nutraceuticals and herbal products on CVD/dyslipidemia have been previously studied. However, to our knowledge, the association between herbal bioactive compounds and homocysteine has not been reviewed in details. Thus, the main objective of this study is to review the efficacy of bioactive natural compounds on homocysteine levels according to clinical trials and animal studies. Results: Based on animal studies, black and green tea, cinnamon, resveratrol, curcumin, garlic extract, ginger, and soy significantly reduced the homocysteine levels. According to the clinical trials, curcumin and resveratrol showed favorable effects on serum homocysteine. In conclusion, this review highlighted the beneficial effects of medicinal plants as natural, inexpensive, and accessible agents on homocysteine levels based on animal studies. Nevertheless, the results of the clinical trials were not uniform, suggesting that more well-designed trials are warranted.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Syndromes Revisited

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1249
Author(s):  
Daniele Orsucci ◽  
Elena Caldarazzo Ienco ◽  
Andrea Rossi ◽  
Gabriele Siciliano ◽  
Michelangelo Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Mitochondrial Diseases ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Mitochondrial Disorders ◽  
Single Mutation ◽  
Multicenter Studies ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Clinical Syndromes

In the last ten years, the knowledge of the genetic basis of mitochondrial diseases has significantly advanced. However, the vast phenotypic variability linked to mitochondrial disorders and the peculiar characteristics of their genetics make mitochondrial disorders a complex group of disorders. Although specific genetic alterations have been associated with some syndromic presentations, the genotype–phenotype relationship in mitochondrial disorders is complex (a single mutation can cause several clinical syndromes, while different genetic alterations can cause similar phenotypes). This review will revisit the most common syndromic pictures of mitochondrial disorders, from a clinical rather than a molecular perspective. We believe that the new phenotype definitions implemented by recent large multicenter studies, and revised here, may contribute to a more homogeneous patient categorization, which will be useful in future studies on natural history and clinical trials.

Methods for Evaluating the Protective Activity of Intravenous Immunoglobulins for Neonatal Pathogens: Entanglement or Encouragement?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 995-997
Author(s):  
CAROL J. BAKER ◽  
MORVEN S. EDWARDS
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Adjunctive Therapy ◽  
Intravenous Immunoglobulins ◽  
Protective Activity ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Reducing neonatal mortality is a goal common among health care workers. However, the means by which to achieve this goal may engender debate and cause confusion. It is inherently attractive to consider human immunoglobulin prepared for intravenous use as an adjunct to therapy for neonatal sepsis, especially in those preterm infants who have the highest incidence and mortality. Before we embark on difficult and costly clinical trials to determine the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) as adjunctive therapy, however, two hurdles must be surmounted. Commercial preparations of IVIG must be proved to be safe in neonates and there must be the promise that their benefit will outweigh both risk and cost.

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