scholarly journals Alternative Splicing of Heat Shock Transcription Factor 2 Regulates Expression of the Laccase Gene Family in Response to Copper in Trametes trogii

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Wu ◽  
Xulei Yang ◽  
En Yang ◽  
Huini Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Laccase Gene ◽  
Splicing Variants ◽  
Trametes Trogii

ABSTRACT White-rot fungi, especially Trametes strains, are the primary source of industrial laccases in bioenergy and bioremediation. Trametes strains express members of the laccase gene family with different physicochemical properties and expression patterns. However, the literature on the expression pattern of the laccase gene family in Trametes trogii S0301 and the response mechanism to Cu2+, a key laccase inducer, in white-rot fungal strains is scarce. In the present study, we found that Cu2+ could induce the mRNAs and proteins of the two alternative splicing variants of heat shock transcription factor 2 (TtHSF2). Furthermore, the overexpression of alternative splicing variants TtHSF2α and TtHSF2β-I in the homokaryotic T. trogii S0301 strain showed opposite effects on the extracellular total laccase activity, with maximum laccase activities of approximately 0.6 and 3.0 U ml−1, respectively, on day 8, which are 0.4 and 2.3 times that of the wild-type strain. Similarly, TtHSF2α and TtHSF2β-I play opposite roles in the oxidation tolerance to H2O2. In addition, the direct binding of TtHSF2α to the promoter regions of the representative laccase isoenzymes (TtLac1 and TtLac13) and protein-protein interactions between TtHSF2α and TtHSF2β-I were detected. Our results demonstrate the crucial roles of TtHSF2 and its alternative splicing variants in response to Cu2+. We believe that these findings will deepen our understanding of alternative splicing of heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) and their regulatory mechanism of the laccase gene family in white-rot fungi. IMPORTANCE The members of laccase gene family in Trametes strains are the primary source of industrial laccase and have gained widespread attention. Increasing the yield and enzymatic properties of laccase through various methods has always been a topic worthy of attention, and there is no report on the regulation of laccase expression through HSF transcription factor engineering. Here, we found that two alternative splicing variants of TtHSF2 functioned oppositely in regulating the expression of laccase genes, and copper can induce the expression of almost all members of the laccase gene family. Most importantly, our study suggested that TtHSF2 and its alternative splicing variants are vital for copper-induced production of laccases in T. trogii S0301.

scholarly journals Genome-wide investigation of the heat shock transcription factor (Hsf) gene family in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum)

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moyang Liu ◽  
Qin Huang ◽  
Wenjun Sun ◽  
Zhaotang Ma ◽  
Li Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Heat Shock Transcription Factor ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum

Abstract Background Heat shock transcription factor (Hsfs) is widely found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Hsfs can not only help organisms resist high temperature, but also participate in the regulation of plant growth and development (such as involved in the regulation of seed maturity and affects the root length of plants). The Hsf gene was first isolated from yeast and then gradually found in plants and sequenced, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, maize. Tartary buckwheat is a rutin-rich crop, and its nutritional value and medicinal value are receiving more and more attention. However, there are few studies on the Hsf genes in Tartary buckwheat. With the whole genome sequence of Tartary buckwheat, we can effectively study the Hsf gene family in Tartary buckwheat. Results According to the study, 29 Hsf genes of Tartary buckwheat (FtHsf) were identified and renamed according to location of FtHsf genes on chromosome after removing a redundant gene. Therefore, only 29 FtHsf genes truly had the functional characteristics of the FtHsf family. The 29 FtHsf genes were located on 8 chromosomes of Tartary buckwheat, and we found gene duplication events in the FtHsf gene family, which may promote the expansion of the FtHsf gene family. Then, the motif compositions and the evolutionary relationship of FtHsf proteins and the gene structures, cis-acting elements in the promoter, synteny analysis of FtHsf genes were discussed in detail. What’s more, we found that the transcription levels of FtHsf in different tissues and fruit development stages were significantly different by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), implied that FtHsf may differ in function. Conclusions In this study, only 29 Hsf genes were identified in Tartary buckwheat. Meanwhile, we also classified the FtHsf genes, and studied their structure, evolutionary relationship and the expression pattern. This series of studies has certain reference value for the study of the specific functional characteristics of Tartary buckwheat Hsf genes and to improve the yield and quality of Tartary buckwheat in the future.

scholarly journals Use of Multiplex Reverse Transcription-PCR To Study the Expression of a Laccase Gene Family in a Basidiomycetous Fungus

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 7083-7090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania González ◽  
María C. Terrón ◽  
Ernesto J. Zapico ◽  
Alejandro Téllez ◽  
Susana Yagüe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Veratryl Alcohol ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Laccase Gene ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Basidiomycetous Fungus ◽  
Laccase Genes

ABSTRACT Laccases produced by white rot fungi are involved in the degradation of lignin and a broad diversity of other natural and synthetic molecules, having a great potential for biotechnological applications. They are frequently encoded by gene families, as in the basidiomycete Trametes sp. strain I-62, from which the lcc1, lcc2, and lcc3 laccase genes have been cloned and sequenced. A multiplex reverse transcription-PCR method to simultaneously study the expression of these genes was developed in this study. The assay proved to be quick, simple, highly sensitive, and reproducible and is particularly valuable when numerous samples are to be analyzed and/or if the amount of initial mRNA is limited. It was used to analyze the effect of 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol (veratryl alcohol) and two of its isomers (2,5-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol and 3,5-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol) on differential laccase gene expression in Trametes sp. strain I-62. These aromatic compounds produced different induction patterns despite their chemical similarity. We found 2,5-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol to be the best inducer of laccase activity while also producing the highest increase in gene expression; 3,5-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol was the next best inducer. Transcript amounts of each gene fluctuated dramatically in the presence of these three inducers, while the total amounts of laccase mRNAs seemed to be modulated by a coordinated regulation of the different genes.

scholarly journals Transcriptional and Enzymatic Profiling of Pleurotus ostreatus Laccase Genes in Submerged and Solid-State Fermentation Cultures

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 4037-4045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Castanera ◽  
Gúmer Pérez ◽  
Alejandra Omarini ◽  
Manuel Alfaro ◽  
Antonio G. Pisabarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Submerged Fermentation ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Laccase Gene ◽  
Laccase Genes

ABSTRACTThe genome of the white rot basidiomycetePleurotus ostreatusincludes 12 phenol oxidase (laccase) genes. In this study, we examined their expression profiles in different fungal strains under different culture conditions (submerged and solid cultures) and in the presence of a wheat straw extract, which was used as an inducer of the laccase gene family. We used a reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR)-based approach and focused on determining the reaction parameters (in particular, the reference gene set for the normalization and reaction efficiency determinations) used to achieve an accurate estimation of the relative gene expression values. The results suggested that (i) laccase gene transcription is upregulated in the induced submerged fermentation (iSmF) cultures but downregulated in the solid fermentation (SSF) cultures, (ii) theLacc2andLacc10genes are the main sources of laccase activity in the iSmF cultures upon induction with water-soluble wheat straw extracts, and (iii) an additional, as-yet-uncharacterized activity (Unk1) is specifically induced in SSF cultures that complements the activity of Lacc2 and Lacc10. Moreover, both the enzymatic laccase activities and theLaccgene family transcription profiles greatly differ between closely related strains. These differences can be targeted for biotechnological breeding programs for enzyme production in submerged fermentation reactors.

Genome Duplication and Evolution of Heat Shock Transcription Factor (HSF) Gene Family in Four Model Angiosperms

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Zhu ◽  
Hanwei Yan ◽  
Yiyi Wang ◽  
Lin Feng ◽  
Zhu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
Heat Shock Transcription Factor

scholarly journals The Manganese Peroxidase Gene Family of Trametes trogii: Gene Identification and Expression Patterns Using Various Metal Ions under Different Culture Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2595
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Zhongqi Dong ◽  
Yuan Luo ◽  
En Yang ◽  
Huini Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Type I ◽  
Group I

Manganese peroxidases (MnPs), gene family members of white-rot fungi, are necessary extracellular enzymes that degrade lignocellulose and xenobiotic aromatic pollutants. However, very little is known about the diversity and expression patterns of the MnP gene family in white-rot fungi, especially in contrast to laccases. Here, the gene and protein sequences of eight unique MnP genes of T. trogii S0301 were characterized. Based on the characteristics of gene sequence, all TtMnPs here belong to short-type hybrid MnP (type I) with an average protein length of 363 amino acids, 5–6 introns, and the presence of conserved cysteine residues. Furthermore, analysis of MnP activity showed that metal ions (Mn2+ and Cu2+) and static liquid culture significantly influenced MnP activity. A maximum MnP activity (>14.0 U/mL) toward 2,6-DMP was observed in static liquid culture after the addition of Mn2+ (1 mM) or Cu2+ (0.2 or 2 mM). Moreover, qPCR analysis showed that Mn2+ obviously upregulated the Group I MnP subfamily (T_trogii_09901, 09904, 09903, and 09906), while Cu2+ and H2O2, along with changing temperatures, mainly induced the Group II MnP subfamily (T_trogii_11984, 11971, 11985, and 11983), suggesting diverse functions of fungal MnPs in growth and development, stress response, etc. Our studies here systematically analyzed the gene structure, expression, and regulation of the TtMnP gene family in T. trogii, one of the important lignocellulose-degrading fungi, and these results extended our understanding of the diversity of the MnP gene family and helped to improve MnP production and appilications of Trametes strains and other white-rot fungi.

Stage-specific alternative splicing of the heat-shock transcription factor during the life-cycle of Schistosoma mansoni

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. RAM ◽  
E. ZIV ◽  
F. LANTNER ◽  
V. LARDANS ◽  
I. SCHECHTER
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Heat Shock Transcription Factor ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Specific Alternative

Stage-specific alternative splicing of the heat-shock transcription factor of Schistosoma mansoni (SmHSF) generates isoforms with structural diversity that may modulate the activity of SmHSF at different life-stages, and thus may regulate the expression of different genes at different developmental stages. RT-PCR, cloning and DNA-sequence analyses showed stage-specific alternative splicing inside the DNA-binding domain (DBD) involving introns I1 and I2, and beyond the DBD involving introns I4a and I7. Retention of introns I2 and I4a would inactivate SmHSF since they contain termination codons. Retention of intron I1 would add 11 amino acids inside the DBD and may change the DNA-binding specificity of SmHSF; intron I7 would add 13 amino acids to the effector region of HSF. Retention of introns was more pronounced in cercariae (larval stage living in water) than in adult worms (parasitic form in mammals). The isoforms were expressed in bacteria, but functional evaluation was not feasible, because only the isoform lacking introns was soluble while isoforms with introns were insoluble. However, stage-specific alternative splicing that changed HSF function in vivo was evidenced in intact cercariae. The cercarial SmHSF mRNA was enriched with introns I2 and I4a that contain termination codons. Therefore, translation of the SmHSF mRNA was impaired, and the SmHSF protein was undetectable. Consequently, the HSP70 gene could not be transcribed, and the HSP70 mRNA was missing. Alternative splicing was observed for short DNA segments (33–45 bp) bound by splice signals, located in the coding region. These are not bona fida exons since they are not flanked by introns. Yet, they are not regular introns since they are often found in mature mRNA. Alternative splicing of these DNA segments caused structural diversity that could modulate the function of the gene product.

scholarly journals Expression Profile of Laccase Gene Family in White-Rot Basidiomycete Lentinula edodes under Different Environmental Stresses

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1045
Author(s):  
Lianlian Yan ◽  
Ruiping Xu ◽  
Yinbing Bian ◽  
Hongxian Li ◽  
Yan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Laccase Gene ◽  
Fruiting Body Formation ◽  
Body Formation ◽  
Laccase Genes

Laccases belong to ligninolytic enzymes and play important roles in various biological processes of filamentous fungi, including fruiting-body formation and lignin degradation. The process of fruiting-body development in Lentinula edodes is complex and is greatly affected by environmental conditions. In this paper, 14 multicopper oxidase-encoding (laccase) genes were analyzed in the draft genome sequence of L. edodes strain W1-26, followed by a search of multiple stress-related Cis-elements in the promoter region of these laccase genes, and then a transcription profile analysis of 14 laccase genes (Lelcc) under the conditions of different carbon sources, temperatures, and photoperiods. All laccase genes were significantly regulated by varying carbon source materials. The expression of only two laccase genes (Lelcc5 and Lelcc6) was induced by sodium-lignosulphonate and the expression of most laccase genes was specifically upregulated in glucose medium. Under different temperature conditions, the expression levels of most laccase genes decreased at 39 °C and transcription was significantly increased for Lelcc1, Lelcc4, Lelcc5, Lelcc9, Lelcc12, Lelcc13, and Lelcc14 after induction for 24 h at 10 °C, indicating their involvement in primordium differentiation. Tyrosinase, which is involved in melanin synthesis, was clustered with the same group as Lelcc4 and Lelcc7 in all the different photoperiod treatments. Meanwhile, five laccase genes (Lelcc8, Lelcc9, Lelcc12, Lelcc13, and Lelcc14) showed similar expression profiles to that of two blue light receptor genes (LephrA and LephrB) in the 12 h light/12 h dark treatment, suggesting the involvement of laccase genes in the adaptation process of L. edodes to the changing environment and fruiting-body formation. This study contributes to our understanding of the function of the different Lelcc genes and facilitates the screening of key genes from the laccase gene family for further functional research.

scholarly journals Lignin-degrading activity and ligninolytic enzymes of different white-rot fungi: effects of manganese and malonate

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Vares ◽  
Annele Hatakka
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Peroxidase ◽  
Manganese Peroxidase ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Trametes Hirsuta ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Trametes Trogii

Ten species of white-rot fungi, mainly belonging to the family Polyporaceae (Basidiomycotina), were studied in terms of their ability to degrade14C-ring labelled synthetic lignin and secrete ligninolytic enzymes in liquid cultures under varying growth conditions. Lignin mineralization by the fungi in an air atmosphere did not exceed 14% within 29 days. Different responses to the elevated Mn2+concentration and the addition of a manganese chelator (sodium malonate) were observed among various fungal species. This could be related with the utilization of either lignin peroxidase (LiP) or manganese peroxidase (MnP) for lignin depolymerization, i.e., some fungi apparently had an LiP-dominating ligninolytic system and others an MnP-dominating ligninolytic system. The LiP isoforms were purified from Trametes gibbosa and Trametes trogii. Isoelectric focusing of purified ligninolytic enzymes revealed the expression of numerous MnP isoforms in Trametes gibbosa, Trametes hirsuta, Trametes trogii, and Abortiporus biennis grown under a high (50-fold) Mn2+level (120 μM) with the addition of the chelator. In addition, two to three laccase isoforms were detected. Key words: white-rot fungi, lignin degradation, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, manganese, malonate.

scholarly journals Genome-wide analysis and expression profiling of the heat shock transcription factor gene family in Physic Nut (Jatropha curcas L.)

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Ben Shi
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Heat Shock Transcription Factor ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Transcription Factor Gene Family

The heat shock transcription factor (Hsf) family, identified as one of the important gene families, participates in plant development process and some stress response. So far, there have been no reports on the research of the Hsf transcription factors in physic nut. In this study, seventeen putative Hsf genes identified from physic nut genome. Phylogenetic analysis manifested these genes classified into three groups: A, B and C. Chromosomal location showed that they distributed eight out of eleven linkage groups. Expression profiling indicated that fourteen JcHsf genes highly expressed in different tissues except JcHsf1, JcHsf6 and JcHsf13. In addition, induction of six and twelve JcHsf genes noted against salt stress and drought stress, respectively, which demonstrated that the JcHsf genes are involved in abiotic stress responses. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the JcHsf gene family and further study of its function.

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