scholarly journals Toward Improvement of Erythromycin A Production in an Industrial Saccharopolyspora erythraea Strain via Facilitation of Genetic Manipulation with an ArtificialattBSite for Specific Recombination

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (21) ◽  
pp. 7508-7516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiequn Wu ◽  
Qinglin Zhang ◽  
Wei Deng ◽  
Jiangchao Qian ◽  
Siliang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Saccharopolyspora Erythraea ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Endogenous Genes ◽  
Erythromycin A ◽  
Adenosylmethionine Synthetase

ABSTRACTLarge-scale production of erythromycin A (Er-A) relies on the organismSaccharopolyspora erythraea, in which lack of a typicalattBsite largely impedes the application of phage ΦC31 integrase-mediated recombination into site-specific engineering. We herein report construction of an artificialattBsite in an industrialS. erythraeastrain, HL3168 E3, in an effort to break the bottleneck previously encountered during genetic manipulation mainly from homologous or unpredictable nonspecific integration. Replacement of a cryptic gene,nrps1-1, with a cassette containing eightattBDNA sequences did not affect the high Er-producing ability, setting the stage for precisely engineering the industrial Er-producing strain for foreign DNA introduction with a reliable conjugation frequency. Transfer of either exogenous or endogenous genes of importance to Er-A biosynthesis, including theS-adenosylmethionine synthetase gene for positive regulation,vhbfor increasing the oxygen supply, and two tailoring genes,eryKanderyG, for optimizing the biotransformation at the late stage, was achieved by taking advantage of this facility, allowing systematic improvement of Er-A production as well as elimination of the by-products Er-B and Er-C in fermentation. The strategy developed here can generally be applicable to other strains that lack theattBsite.

scholarly journals Nanomedicine for Gene Delivery for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cen Yan ◽  
Xiao-Jiang Quan ◽  
Ying-Mei Feng
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Target Molecules

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most severe ischemic heart disease and directly leads to heart failure till death. Target molecules have been identified in the event of MI including increasing angiogenesis, promoting cardiomyocyte survival, improving heart function and restraining inflammation and myocyte activation and subsequent fibrosis. All of which are substantial in cardiomyocyte protection and preservation of cardiac function. Methodology: To modulate target molecule expression, virus and non-virus-mediated gene transfer have been investigated. Despite successful in animal models of MI, virus-mediated gene transfer is hampered by poor targeting efficiency, low packaging capacity for large DNA sequences, immunogenicity induced by virus and random integration into the human genome. Discussion: Nanoparticles could be synthesized and equipped on purpose for large-scale production. They are relatively small in size and do not incorporate into the genome. They could carry DNA and drug within the same transfer. All of these properties make them an alternative strategy for gene transfer. In the review, we first introduce the pathological progression of MI. After concise discussion on the current status of virus-mediated gene therapy in treating MI, we overview the history and development of nanoparticle-based gene delivery system. We point out the limitations and future perspective in the field of nanoparticle vehicle. Conclusion: Ultimately, we hope that this review could help to better understand how far we are with nanoparticle-facilitated gene transfer strategy and what obstacles we need to solve for utilization of nanomedicine in the treatment of MI.

scholarly journals Melanin Produced by the Fast-Growing Marine Bacterium Vibrio natriegens through Heterologous Biosynthesis: Characterization and Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Tanya Tschirhart ◽  
Zachary Schultzhaus ◽  
Erin E. Kelly ◽  
Amy Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Marine Bacterium ◽  
Redox Activity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Tyrosinase Gene ◽  
Large Scale Production

ABSTRACT Melanin is a pigment produced by organisms throughout all domains of life. Due to its unique physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and biostability, there has been an increasing interest in the use of melanin for broad applications. In the vast majority of studies, melanin has been either chemically synthesized or isolated from animals, which has restricted its use to small-scale applications. Using bacteria as biocatalysts is a promising and economical alternative for the large-scale production of biomaterials. In this study, we engineered the marine bacterium Vibrio natriegens, one of the fastest-growing organisms, to synthesize melanin by expressing a heterologous tyrosinase gene and demonstrated that melanin production was much faster than in previously reported heterologous systems. The melanin of V. natriegens was characterized as a polymer derived from dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) and, similarly to synthetic melanin, exhibited several characteristic and useful features. Electron microscopy analysis demonstrated that melanin produced from V. natriegens formed nanoparticles that were assembled as “melanin ghost” structures, and the photoprotective properties of these particles were validated by their protection of cells from UV irradiation. Using a novel electrochemical reverse engineering method, we observed that melanization conferred redox activity to V. natriegens. Moreover, melanized bacteria were able to quickly adsorb the organic compound trinitrotoluene (TNT). Overall, the genetic tractability, rapid division time, and ease of culture provide a set of attractive properties that compare favorably to current E. coli production strains and warrant the further development of this chassis as a microbial factory for natural product biosynthesis. IMPORTANCE Melanins are macromolecules that are ubiquitous in nature and impart a large variety of biological functions, including structure, coloration, radiation resistance, free radical scavenging, and thermoregulation. Currently, in the majority of investigations, melanins are either chemically synthesized or extracted from animals, which presents significant challenges for large-scale production. Bacteria have been used as biocatalysts to synthesize a variety of biomaterials due to their fast growth and amenability to genetic engineering using synthetic biology tools. In this study, we engineered the extremely fast-growing bacterium V. natriegens to synthesize melanin nanoparticles by expressing a heterologous tyrosinase gene with inducible promoters. Characterization of the melanin produced from V. natriegens-produced tyrosinase revealed that it exhibited physical and chemical properties similar to those of natural and chemically synthesized melanins, including nanoparticle structure, protection against UV damage, and adsorption of toxic compounds. We anticipate that producing and controlling melanin structures at the nanoscale in this bacterial system with synthetic biology tools will enable the design and rapid production of novel biomaterials for multiple applications.

Genetic manipulation of sex ratio for the large-scale production of all-male tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
G C Mair ◽  
J S Abucay ◽  
T A Abella ◽  
J A Beardmore ◽  
DOF Skibinski
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production

Production ofBacillus amyloliquefaciensOG and its metabolites in renewable media: valorisation for biodiesel production andp-xylene decontamination

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Etchegaray ◽  
François Coutte ◽  
Gabrielle Chataigné ◽  
Max Béchet ◽  
Ramon H.Z. dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Specific Production ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Acetoin Production

Biosurfactants are important in many areas; however, costs impede large-scale production. This work aimed to develop a global sustainable strategy for the production of biosurfactants by a novel strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Initially, Bacillus sp. strain 0G was renamed B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum (syn. Bacillus velezensis) after analysis of the gyrA and gyrB DNA sequences. Growth in modified Landy’s medium produced 3 main recoverable metabolites: surfactin, fengycin, and acetoin, which promote plant growth. Cultivation was studied in the presence of renewable carbon (as glycerol) and nitrogen (as arginine) sources. While diverse kinetics of acetoin production were observed in different media, similar yields (6–8 g·L–1) were obtained after 72 h of growth. Glycerol increased surfactin-specific production, while arginine increased the yields of surfactin and fengycin and increased biomass significantly. The specific production of fengycin increased ∼10 times, possibly due to a connecting pathway involving arginine and ornithine. Adding value to crude extracts and biomass, both were shown to be useful, respectively, for the removal of p-xylene from contaminated water and for biodiesel production, yielding ∼70 mg·g–1cells and glycerol, which could be recycled in novel media. This is the first study considering circular bioeconomy to lower the production costs of biosurfactants by valorisation of both microbial cells and their primary and secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals The Realm of Microbial Pigments in the Food Color Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babita Rana ◽  
Malini Bhattacharyya ◽  
Babita Patni ◽  
Mamta Arya ◽  
Gopal K. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Food Colorants ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Impact On Biodiversity

Colors are added to food items to make them more attractive and appealing. Food colorants therefore, have an impressive market due to the requirements of food industries. A variety of synthetic coloring agents approved as food additives are available and being used in different types of food prepared or manufactured worldwide. However, there is a growing concern that the use of synthetic colors may exert a negative impact on human health and environment in the long run. The natural pigments obtained from animals, plants, and microorganisms are a promising alternative to synthetic food colorants. Compared to animal and plant sources, microorganisms offer many advantages such as no seasonal impact on the quality and quantity of the pigment, ease of handling and genetic manipulation, amenability to large scale production with little or no impact on biodiversity etc. Among the microorganisms algae, fungi and bacteria are being used to produce pigments as food colorants. This review describes the types of microbial food pigments in use, their benefits, production strategies, and associated challenges.

I. S. A. Baud. Forms of Production and Women's Labour: Gender Aspects of Industrialisation in India and Mexico. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1992. 321 pp.Hardbound. Price: Indian Rs 295.00.

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131
Author(s):  
Naureen Talha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
Small Production

The literature on female labour in Third World countries has become quite extensive. India, being comparatively more advanced industrially, and in view of its size and population, presents a pictures of multiplicity of problems which face the female labour market. However, the author has also included Mexico in this analytical study. It is interesting to see the characteristics of developing industrialisation in two different societies: the Indian society, which is conservative, and the Mexican society, which is progressive. In the first chapter of the book, the author explains that he is not concerned with the process of industrialisation and female labour employed at different levels of work, but that he is interested in forms of production and women's employment in large-scale production, petty commodity production, marginal small production, and self-employment in the informal sector. It is only by analysis of these forms that the picture of females having a lower status is understood in its social and political setting.

Large-Scale Production of Pottery at Gordion : Comparison of the Late Bronze and Early Phrygian Industries.

Paléorient ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Henrickson ◽  
M. J. Blackman
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production

An Efficient and Improved Process for the Synthesis of Itopride Hydrochloride and Trimethobenzamide Hydrochloride

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponnusamy Kannan ◽  
Samuel I.D. Presley ◽  
Pallikondaperumal Shanmugasundaram ◽  
Nagapillai Prakash ◽  
Deivanayagam Easwaramoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Hydrochloride Salt ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Non Ulcer Dyspepsia ◽  
Itopride Hydrochloride ◽  
Yield And Purity

Aim and Objective: Itopride is a prokinetic agent used for treating conditions like non-ulcer dyspepsia. Itopride is administered as its hydrochloride salt. Trimethobenzamide is used for treating nausea and vomiting and administered as its hydrochloride salt. The aim is to develop a novel and environmental friendly method for large-scale production of itopride and trimethobenzamide. Materials and Methods: Itopride and trimethobenzamide can be prepared from a common intermediate 4- (dimethylaminoethoxy) benzyl amine. The intermediate is prepared from one pot synthesis using Phyrdroxybenzaldehye and zinc dust and further reaction of the intermediate with substituted methoxy benzoic acid along with boric acid and PEG gives itopride and trimethobenzamide. Results: The intermediate 4-(dimethylaminoethoxy) benzylamine is prepared by treating p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride. The aldehyde formed is treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The intermediate is confirmed by NMR and the purity is analysed by HPLC. Conclusion: Both itopride and trimethobenzamide were successfully synthesized by this method. The developed method is environmental friendly, economical for large-scale production with good yield and purity.

scholarly journals Cyanobacteria—From the Oceans to the Potential Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Shaden A. M. Khalifa ◽  
Eslam S. Shedid ◽  
Essa M. Saied ◽  
Amir Reza Jassbi ◽  
Fatemeh H. Jamebozorgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Marine Products ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Successful Phase

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms which represent a significant source of novel, bioactive, secondary metabolites, and they are also considered an abundant source of bioactive compounds/drugs, such as dolastatin, cryptophycin 1, curacin toyocamycin, phytoalexin, cyanovirin-N and phycocyanin. Some of these compounds have displayed promising results in successful Phase I, II, III and IV clinical trials. Additionally, the cyanobacterial compounds applied to medical research have demonstrated an exciting future with great potential to be developed into new medicines. Most of these compounds have exhibited strong pharmacological activities, including neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against HCMV, HSV-1, HHV-6 and HIV-1, so these metabolites could be promising candidates for COVID-19 treatment. Therefore, the effective large-scale production of natural marine products through synthesis is important for resolving the existing issues associated with chemical isolation, including small yields, and may be necessary to better investigate their biological activities. Herein, we highlight the total synthesized and stereochemical determinations of the cyanobacterial bioactive compounds. Furthermore, this review primarily focuses on the biotechnological applications of cyanobacteria, including applications as cosmetics, food supplements, and the nanobiotechnological applications of cyanobacterial bioactive compounds in potential medicinal applications for various human diseases are discussed.

scholarly journals A Review on Additive Manufacturing Possibilities for Electrical Machines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1940
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Naseer ◽  
Ants Kallaste ◽  
Bilal Asad ◽  
Toomas Vaimann ◽  
Anton Rassõlkin
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrical Machines ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
One Step ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

This paper presents current research trends and prospects of utilizing additive manufacturing (AM) techniques to manufacture electrical machines. Modern-day machine applications require extraordinary performance parameters such as high power-density, integrated functionalities, improved thermal, mechanical & electromagnetic properties. AM offers a higher degree of design flexibility to achieve these performance parameters, which is impossible to realize through conventional manufacturing techniques. AM has a lot to offer in every aspect of machine fabrication, such that from size/weight reduction to the realization of complex geometric designs. However, some practical limitations of existing AM techniques restrict their utilization in large scale production industry. The introduction of three-dimensional asymmetry in machine design is an aspect that can be exploited most with the prevalent level of research in AM. In order to take one step further towards the enablement of large-scale production of AM-built electrical machines, this paper also discusses some machine types which can best utilize existing developments in the field of AM.

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