Inactivation of Vegetative Cells, but Not Spores, of Bacillus anthracis, B. cereus, and B. subtilis on Stainless Steel Surfaces Coated with an Antimicrobial Silver- and Zinc-Containing Zeolite Formulation

ABSTRACT Stainless steel surfaces coated with paints containing a silver- and zinc-containing zeolite (AgION antimicrobial) were assayed in comparison to uncoated stainless steel for antimicrobial activity against vegetative cells and spores of three Bacillus species, namely, B. anthracis Sterne, B. cereus T, and B. subtilis 168. Under the test conditions (25°C and 80% relative humidity), the zeolite coating produced approximately 3 log10 inactivation of vegetative cells within a 5- to 24-h period, but viability of spores of the three species was not significantly affected.

Download Full-text

Biofilm Formation and Sporulation by Bacillus cereus on a Stainless Steel Surface and Subsequent Resistance of Vegetative Cells and Spores to Chlorine, Chlorine Dioxide, and a Peroxyacetic Acid–Based Sanitizer

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-68.12.2614 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 68 (12) ◽

pp. 2614-2622 ◽

Cited By ~ 129

Author(s):

JEE-HOON RYU ◽

LARRY R. BEUCHAT

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Chlorine Dioxide ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Total Cell ◽

Stainless Steel Surface ◽

Peroxyacetic Acid ◽

Vegetative Cells ◽

Cell Counts

Biofilm formation by Bacillus cereus 038-2 on stainless steel coupons, sporulation in the biofilm as affected by nutrient availability, temperature, and relative humidity, and the resistance of vegetative cells and spores in biofilm to sanitizers were investigated. Total counts in biofilm formed on coupons immersed in tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 12 and 22°C consisted of 99.94% of vegetative cells and 0.06% of spores. Coupons on which biofilm had formed were immersed in TSB or exposed to air with 100, 97, 93, or 85% relative humidity. Biofilm on coupons immersed in TSB at 12°C for an additional 6 days or 22°C for an additional 4 days contained 0.30 and 0.02% of spores, respectively, whereas biofilm exposed to air with 100 or 97% relative humidity at 22°C for 4 days contained 10 and 2.5% of spores, respectively. Sporulation did not occur in biofilm exposed to 93 or 85% relative humidity at 22°C. Treatment of biofilm on coupons that had been immersed in TSB at 22°C with chlorine (50 μg/ml), chlorine dioxide (50 μg/ml), and a peroxyacetic acid–based sanitizer (Tsunami 200, 40 μg/ml) for 5 min reduced total cell counts (vegetative cells plus spores) by 4.7, 3.0, and 3.8 log CFU per coupon, respectively; total cell counts in biofilm exposed to air with 100% relative humidity were reduced by 1.5, 2.4, and 1.1 log CFU per coupon, respectively, reflecting the presence of lower numbers of vegetative cells. Spores that survived treatment with chlorine dioxide had reduced resistance to heat. It is concluded that exposure of biofilm formed by B. cereus exposed to air at high relative humidity (≥97%) promotes the production of spores. Spores and, to a lesser extent, vegetative cells embedded in biofilm are protected against inactivation by sanitizers. Results provide new insights to developing strategies to achieve more effective sanitation programs to minimize risks associated with B. cereus in biofilm formed on food contact surfaces and on foods.

Download Full-text

Biomimetic robust superhydrophobic stainless-steel surfaces with antimicrobial activity and molecular dynamics simulation

Chemical Engineering Journal ◽

10.1016/j.cej.2019.04.200 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 372 ◽

pp. 852-861 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Shuyi Li ◽

Yan Liu ◽

Zaihang Zheng ◽

Xin Liu ◽

Honglan Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Dynamics ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Molecular Dynamics Simulation ◽

Dynamics Simulation ◽

Steel Surfaces

Download Full-text

Survival and death kinetics of Salmonella strains at low relative humidity, attached to stainless steel surfaces

International Journal of Food Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.06.027 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 187 ◽

pp. 33-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Edyta Margas ◽

Nicolas Meneses ◽

Beatrice Conde-Petit ◽

Christine E.R. Dodd ◽

John Holah

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Steel Surfaces ◽

Death Kinetics ◽

Kinetics Of

Download Full-text

Fate of Enterobacter sakazakii Attached to or in Biofilms on Stainless Steel Upon Exposure to Various Temperatures or Relative Humidities

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-71.5.940 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 71 (5) ◽

pp. 940-945 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

HOIKYUNG KIM ◽

JIHYUN BANG ◽

LARRY R. BEUCHAT ◽

JEE-HOON RYU

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Infant Formula ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Enterobacter Sakazakii ◽

Steel Surfaces

Survival of Enterobacter sakazakii dried on the surface of stainless steel and exposed to 43% relative humidity, as affected by temperature, was studied. Populations of E. sakazakii (7.4 to 8.6 log CFU per coupon) on coupons dried for 2 h at 22°C decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) at 4, 25, and 37°C within 10, 3, and 1 day(s), respectively, but the pathogen remained viable for up to 60 days. At a given storage temperature and time, reductions were significantly greater when cells had been suspended in water rather than in infant formula before drying. Formation of biofilm by E. sakazakii on stainless steel immersed in M9 medium, which contains minimal concentrations of nutrients, and infant formula at 25°C and subsequent survival of cells at 25°C as affected by exposure to 23, 43, 68, 85, and 100% relative humidity were investigated. Some of the cells in these biofilms survived under all test relative humidities for up to 42 days. The overall order of survival as affected by relative humidity was 100 > 23 = 43 = 68 > 85% relative humidity, regardless of the medium in which the biofilm was formed. Reduction in viability of cells was significantly greater in biofilm that had formed in M9 medium than in biofilm formed in infant formula. Results indicate that infant formula provides protection for attached cells, as well as cells in biofilm, against lethality on exposure to desiccation. These results are useful when predicting the survival characteristics of E. sakazakii on stainless steel surfaces in processing and preparation kitchen environments.

Download Full-text

Recent Patents on Impact of Lipopeptide on the Biofilm Formation onto Titanium and Stainless Steel Surfaces

Recent Patents on Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1872208313666190822150323 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 49-62

Author(s):

Mauro Ezio Eustáquio Pires ◽

Adriano Guimarães Parreira ◽

Tuânia Natacha Lopes Silva ◽

Heloísa Carneiro Colares ◽

José Antonio da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Orthopedic Implants ◽

Stainless Steel Surface ◽

E Coli ◽

Subtilis Atcc ◽

Bacillus Subtilis Atcc ◽

Steel Surfaces

Background: Numerous causes of infection in arthroplasties are related to biofilm formation on implant surfaces. In order to circumvent this problem, new alternatives to prevent bacterial adhesion biosurfactants-based are emerging due to low toxicity, biodegradability and antimicrobial activity of several biosurfactants. We revised all patents relating to biosurfactants of applicability in orthopedic implants. Methods: This work aims to evaluate the capability of a lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 19659 isolates acting as inhibitors of the adhesion of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 onto titanium and stainless steel surfaces and its antimicrobial activity. Results: The adhesion of the strains to the stainless-steel surface was higher than that of titanium. Preconditioning of titanium and stainless-steel surfaces with 10 mg mL-1 lipopeptide reduced the adhesion of E. coli by up to 93% and the adhesion of S. aureus by up to 99.9%, suggesting the strong potential of lipopeptides in the control of orthopedic infections. The minimal inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were 10 and 240 µg mL-1 for E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Conclusion: The lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 19659 presented high biotechnological application in human health against orthopedic implants infections.

Download Full-text

Reduction of Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms on Stainless Steel and Polystyrene Surfaces by Essential Oils†

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-517 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 75 (7) ◽

pp. 1332-1337 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

MONIL A. DESAI ◽

KAMLESH A. SONI ◽

RAMAKRISHNA NANNAPANENI ◽

M. WES SCHILLING ◽

JUAN L. SILVA

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Thyme Oil ◽

Microtiter Plates ◽

Disk Diffusion Assay ◽

Steel Surfaces ◽

Oregano Oil ◽

Diffusion Assay

Plant-derived essential oils were tested for their ability to eliminate biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes on polystyrene and stainless steel surfaces. Various concentrations of essential oils were tested with different contact times on biofilms of various ages. Preliminarily screening of nine essential oils and related phenolic compounds in a disk diffusion assay revealed that thyme oil, oregano oil, and carvacrol had the highest antimicrobial activity. Further screening of these three compounds against 21 L. monocytogenes strains representing all 13 serotypes indicated some strain-specific variations in antimicrobial activity. For 1-day-old biofilms of mixed L. monocytogenes strains produced at 22°C on polystyrene microtiter plates, only 0.1% concentrations of thyme oil, oregano oil, and carvacrol were needed to eliminate 7 log CFU per well. On the stainless steel coupons, a 0.5% concentration of these compounds was adequate to completely eliminate 4-day-old biofilms at 7 log CFU per coupon. Our findings indicate that these compounds are potential candidates for elimination of L. monocytogenes biofilms on stainless steel and polystyrene surfaces.

Download Full-text

Inactivation of Influenza A Virus on Copper versus Stainless Steel Surfaces

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01139-06 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 73 (8) ◽

pp. 2748-2750 ◽

Cited By ~ 134

Author(s):

J. O. Noyce ◽

H. Michels ◽

C. W. Keevil

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Influenza A Virus ◽

Influenza A ◽

Fluorescent Microscopy ◽

Virus Particles ◽

Microscopy Analysis ◽

Steel Surfaces

ABSTRACT Influenza A virus particles (2 × 106) were inoculated onto copper or stainless steel and incubated at 22°C at 50 to 60% relative humidity. Infectivity of survivors was determined by utilizing a defined monolayer with fluorescent microscopy analysis. After incubation for 24 h on stainless steel, 500,000 virus particles were still infectious. After incubation for 6 h on copper, only 500 particles were active.

Download Full-text