scholarly journals Antenatal Screening for Hepatitis B and Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Rubella Virus: Evaluation of Two Commercial Immunoassay Systems

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 785-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. A. Diepersloot ◽  
Hiske Dunnewold-Hoekstra ◽  
Jorien Kruit-den Hollander ◽  
Fer Vlaspolder
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Antenatal Screening ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Discrepancy Analysis ◽  
Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT A comparative evaluation of the Abbott AxSYM and DPC Immulite random-access analyzers was performed using 497 prospectively collected serum samples. These samples were sent to the laboratory for routine antenatal screening for hepatitis B surface antigen and immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and rubella virus. The overall agreement between the two assay systems ranged from 97.4 to 100%. After discrepancy analysis, the outcome in terms of sensitivity and specificity varied from 98.2 to 100% for all but one of the assays tested. The AxSYM rubella virus IgG assay tended to report protective or indeterminate antibody levels in 1% of the samples. This shortcoming might be overcome by raising the cutoff of the microparticle enzyme immunoassay system.

scholarly journals Comparison of Immulite with Vidas for Detection of Infection in a Low-Prevalence Population of Pregnant Women in The Netherlands

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Vlaspolder ◽  
P. Singer ◽  
A. Smit ◽  
R. J. A. Diepersloot
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Antenatal Screening ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Discrepancy Analysis ◽  
Low Prevalence

ABSTRACT A comparative evaluation of the Vidas system (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) and the Immulite System (Diagnostic Products Corporation) was performed using 500 prospectively collected serum samples. As part of a routine antenatal screening program, these samples were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and rubella virus. The overall agreement between the two assay systems ranged from 98.0 to 99.8%. After discrepancy analysis the outcome in terms of relative sensitivity and specificity varied from 97.5 to 100%.

scholarly journals The Screening of Rubella Virus, Cytomegalovirus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Prepregnancy and Reproductive-Age Women in Tabriz, Iran

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Edris Nabizadeh ◽  
Anahita Ghotaslou ◽  
Behnaz Salahi ◽  
Reza Ghotaslou
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Reproductive Age Women ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Simplex Virus

Objectives. The organisms of Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes simplex virus as an acronym of TORCH are major pathogens in prepregnancy and reproductive-age women. These microorganisms are considered a serious problem and cause 2-3% of all birth defects in the fetus. Our study was aimed at screening the seroprevalence of TORCH antibodies among prepregnancy and reproductive-age women in Tabriz, Iran. Design and Setting. This study was carried out in 2726 prepregnancy and reproductive-age women, who were referred to the laboratory for prenatal TORCH screening. To detect the presence of IgG, IgM antibodies and Hepatitis B surface antigen against these microorganisms were carried out using a chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer (CLIA). Results. In the current study, the rates of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG, anti-Rubella virus IgG, and anti-Cytomegalovirus IgG were found in 722 cases (26.5%), 2579 cases (94.6%0), and 2718 cases (99.7%), respectively. Moreover, the rates of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM, anti-Rubella virus IgM, and anti-Cytomegalovirus IgM were discovered in 10 cases (0.4%), 13 cases (0.5%), and 16 cases (0.6%), respectively. The Hepatitis B surface antigen was found in 32 cases (1.2%). The dissemination of positive TORCH in various ages was different ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusions. In our study, the seroprevalence of acute TORCH infections was relatively low. Due to the probability of vertical transmission to the fetus during pregnancy and the unpleasant complication of these pathogens, it is essential to be screened for detection of specific IgG and IgM antibodies in reproductive ages.

scholarly journals Effect of Multiple Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Detection of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Virus Antibodies

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman A. Pinsky ◽  
Jeanne M. Huddleston ◽  
Robert M. Jacobson ◽  
Peter C. Wollan ◽  
Gregory A. Poland
Keyword(s):  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Fresh Serum ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Adult Volunteers

ABSTRACT We investigated the effect of multiple freeze-thaw cycles on mumps, measles, and rubella virus serum antibody levels with whole-virus immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunoassays. Fresh serum samples from nine healthy adult volunteers were divided into six sets of five aliquots each. Samples were taken through a total of 10 freeze-thaw cycles and stored at 4°C until assayed. Each assay measurement was done in replicates of five, and the mean value was reported. After completing 10 freeze-thaw cycles, we found no clinically or statistically significant effect on measured antibody levels and found no discernible detrimental effect on the ability to measure these antibodies by enzyme-linked immunoassays.

SERO PREVALENCE OF TRANSFUSION TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (TTI) IN VOLUNTARY BLOOD DONORS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL AT SRINAGAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Shafi Chickan ◽  
Altaf Hussain Mir ◽  
Masaratt-ul Gani ◽  
Shazia Handoo ◽  
Farooq Ahmad Ganie
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Serum Samples

Introduction: Blood transfusion plays an vital role in patients management and is live saving in my instances. it plays a pivotal role as a specialized modality of treatment and saves millions of lives worldwide each year and reduces morbidity. Stringent screening of blood not only ensure safe supply of blood and blood products, but also gives us idea about prevalence of ttis among general population Objective: to determine the serroperavalance of tti among blood donors in lalded hospital Materials and methods: A retrospective study was carried out over a period of 3 years from January 2017 to December 2019.serum samples were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen ,antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 and 2 ,hepatitis c virus and syphilis in department of transfusion medicine was carried out Result: The result shows that 55 (3.72%) of the blood donors had TTIs. The prevalence of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Malaria, Syphilis and Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV), was found to be 31(0.21%), 23 (0.15%), 01 (0.0.006%), 01 (0.006%) and 02 (0.0.23%) respectively. None were positive for malaria. Conclusion: Transfusion Transmittable Infections pose a threat to patients admitted in any health care facility and if not carefully screened for will cause significant morbidity. Careful screening of all donor blood units in the blood bank of a hospital is absolutely necessary to prevent any untoward incidence of TTI in patients admitted to a health care facility Keywords: Transfusion, Sero-Prevalence, Donors, Transfusion Transmissible Infections.

scholarly journals Cost Analysis of Single-Dose Hepatitis B Revaccination Among Infants Born to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen-Positive Mothers and Not Responding to the Initial Vaccine Series

2018 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric W. Hall ◽  
Eli S. Rosenberg ◽  
Monica Trigg ◽  
Noele Nelson ◽  
Sarah Schillie
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Lower Cost Option

Objectives: Infants born to mothers who are hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive are at risk for perinatal hepatitis B infection. As prevention, these infants receive a series of 3 or 4 doses of hepatitis B vaccine starting at birth and postvaccination serologic testing. Infants with antibody levels <10 mIU/mL are considered vaccine nonresponders and should be revaccinated. The objective of this cost analysis was to assess a single-dose revaccination strategy among infant nonresponders. Methods: We used a decision analytic tree to compare the costs of a single-dose revaccination strategy with the costs of a 3-dose revaccination strategy. The analysis consisted of 3 epidemiologic scenarios that varied levels of previous protection among infants indicated for revaccination. We assumed health outcomes in each strategy were the same, and we evaluated costs from the societal perspective using 2016 US dollars. We conducted sensitivity analyses on key variables, including the minimum required efficacy of a single revaccination dose. Results: In all analyses, the single-dose revaccination strategy was a lower-cost option than the 3-dose revaccination strategy. Under the assumption that all revaccination visits were previously unscheduled, single-dose revaccination reduced the cost per infant by $119.81 to $155.72 (depending on the scenario). Across all scenarios, the most conservative estimate for the threshold efficacy (the minimum efficacy required to result in a lower-cost option) value of single-dose revaccination was 67%. Conclusions: For infants who were born to HBsAg-positive mothers and who were not responding to the initial vaccine series, a single-dose revaccination strategy, compared with a 3-dose revaccination strategy, reduced costs across several scenarios. These results helped inform the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ vote in February 2017 to recommend single-dose revaccination.

scholarly journals Enhancement by Ampicillin of Antibody Responses Induced by a Protein Antigen and a DNA Vaccine Carried by Live-AttenuatedSalmonella enterica Serovar Typhi

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick C. Y. Woo ◽  
Hoi-Wah Tsoi ◽  
Harry C. H. Leung ◽  
Lei-Po Wong ◽  
Samson S. Y. Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
Tetanus Toxoid ◽  
Dna Vaccines ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Oral Immunization ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Present Observation ◽  
Protein Antigens ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT Live-attenuated Salmonella species are effective carriers of microbial antigens and DNA vaccines. In a mouse model, the immunoglobulin M (IgM) and total antibody levels directed toward the lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi were significantly enhanced at day 21 after oral immunization with live-attenuated serovar Typhi (strain Ty21a) when ampicillin was concomitantly administered (P < 0.05 andP < 0.005, respectively). The heat-killed Ty21a-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation indices for the ampicillin group at day 21 were significantly higher than those for the normal saline (NS) group (P < 0.005, P < 0.001, and P < 0.01) for all three doses of antigen (104, 105, and 106 heat-killed Ty21a per well, respectively). The 50% lethal doses for mice from the ampicillin and NS groups immunized with Ty21a with pBR322 after wild-type serovar Typhi challenge on day 24 were 3.4 × 107 and 5.0 × 106 CFU, respectively. The fecal bacterial counts for the ampicillin group at days 1, 3, and 5 were significantly lower than those for the NS group (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, andP < 0.05, respectively), and there was a trend toward recovery of Ty21a in a larger number of mice from the ampicillin group than from the NS group. Furthermore, the IgG2a levels directed toward tetanus toxoid were significantly enhanced at days 7 and 21 after oral immunization with Ty21a that carried the fragment c of tetanus toxoid when ampicillin was concomitantly administered (P < 0.05 and P < 0.005, respectively), and the IgM and total hepatitis B surface antibody levels were significantly enhanced at days 7 (P < 0.005 and P < 0.05, respectively) and 21 (P < 0.01 and P< 0.05, respectively) after oral immunization with Ty21a that carried the DNA vaccine that encodes hepatitis B surface antigen when ampicillin was concomitantly administered. The present observation may improve the efficacy of the protein antigens and DNA vaccines carried in live-attenuated bacteria, and further experiments should be carried out to determine the best antibiotics and dosage regimen to be used, as well as the best carrier system for individual protein antigens and DNA vaccines.

Detection of antibodies against Fasciola hepatica in cirrhotic patients from Peru

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Marcos ◽  
A. Bussalleu ◽  
A. Terashima ◽  
J.R. Espinoza
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serum Pool ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

AbstractThe prevalence of Fasciola hepatica infection, in endemic countries, in patients with established cirrhosis is unknown. We hypothesized that, in endemic countries, the presence of fascioliasis may be detected in a serum pool of cirrhotic patients. Forty-four previously stored serum samples of patients with established liver cirrhosis, in the Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia in Lima, Peru, were collected from 1998 to 2003 and assessed for hepatitis B, C and fascioliasis antibodies (Fas2 ELISA). Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was positive in 8.8% (n = 34), hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) in 32.5% (n = 34), hepatitis C antibodies (anti-HCV) in 9.1% (n = 33), and 9.1% (n = 44) were Fas2 ELISA positive. This disease is an example of an emerging tropical infection which can be present in chronic liver diseases, requiring greater clinician awareness especially in endemic rural areas. Further clinical studies are warranted.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Virus Antibody Levels 7 to 9 Years after Booster Vaccination in Alaska Native Persons

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1339-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Keck ◽  
Lisa R. Bulkow ◽  
Gregory A. Raczniak ◽  
Susan E. Negus ◽  
Carolyn L. Zanis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
Antibody Persistence ◽  
Vaccine Booster ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACTHepatitis B antibody persistence was assessed in individuals who had previously received a vaccine booster. We measured hepatitis B surface antigen antibody (anti-HBs) levels 7 to 9 years post-hepatitis B booster in individuals with primary vaccination at birth. While 95 (91.3%) of 104 participants had detectable anti-HBs (minimum, 0.1 mIU/ml; maximum, 1,029 mIU/ml), only 43 (41%) had protective levels of ≥10 mIU/ml. Pre- and week 4 postbooster anti-HBs levels were significant predictors of hepatitis B immunity at follow-up (P< 0.001). Almost all participants had detectable anti-HBs 7 to 9 years after the hepatitis B vaccine booster, but less than half had levels ≥10 mIU/ml.

scholarly journals Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the measurement of specific antibodies in experimentally induced ovine toxoplasmosis

1988 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Payne ◽  
D. H. M. Joynson ◽  
A. J. Wilsmore
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Capture Assay ◽  
Previous Infection ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Immunosorbent Assays ◽  
Antibody Class ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Indirect Assay

SUMMARYTachyzoitcs of the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii were inoculated intravenously into sheep following which serum samples were collected at approximately weekly intervals for 9 months. The sera were examined by the toxoplasma dye test and two enzymc-linkcd immunosorbent assays (ELISA) specifically developed for investigations of ovine toxoplasmosis. One was an antibody class capture assay for the detection of anti-toxoplasma specific IgM, the other an indirect assay which detected anti-toxoplasma IgG.Some of the sheep had antibodies to toxoplasma prior to inoculation but none had specific IgM. Sera collected 17 days after inoculation showed that all had raised specific antibody levels but the only sheep that produced specific antitoxoplasma IgM were those that were initially without any antibody. Specific IgM could be detected in all these particular sheep for at least 1 month after infection and up to 3 months in some. Specific IgG persisted at high levels for at least 3 months and could still be detected at moderate levels for at least 9 months. The ELISA methods described are simple to perform and could clearly distinguish between previous infection and this experimental infection with Toxoplasma gondii.

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