scholarly journals Monoclonal Antibodies to Immunodominant Epitope of Tropheryma whipplei

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongxing Liang ◽  
Bernard La Scola ◽  
Didier Raoult
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Biopsy Specimen ◽  
Tropheryma Whipplei ◽  
Duodenal Biopsy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Whipple’S Disease ◽  
Immunodominant Epitope ◽  
Whipple's Disease ◽  
The Common

ABSTRACT Recent isolation of Tropheryma whipplei (formerly Trophyrema whippelii), the agent of Whipple’s disease, from the cardiac valve of a patient with Whipple’s disease endocarditis now allows the detection of reactive epitopes that could be used in a serological assay. In order to propose an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that uses recombinant T. whipplei antigen, we first determined by Western blotting of human, mouse, and rabbit antisera that the common immunodominant epitope is an 84-kDa protein. We then produced 13 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against T. whipplei, 12 of which recognize this immunodominant epitope. These MAbs did not react with phylogenetically closely related bacteria or bacteria previously shown to be cross-reactive with T. whipplei, but they did react with two other strains of T. whipplei isolated, one from an ocular sample and the other from a duodenal biopsy specimen. By confocal microscopy, the MAbs allowed detection of T. whipplei within infected fibroblasts. The identification of the 84-kDa antigen with our MAbs will make it possible to develop a diagnostic antigen for use in a diagnostic ELISA for Whipple’s disease.

scholarly journals Whipple’s disease: imaging contribution for a challenging case

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. e233071
Author(s):  
Ana Aguiar Ferreira ◽  
Paula Gomes ◽  
Luís Curvo-Semedo ◽  
Paulo Donato
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Tropheryma Whipplei ◽  
Duodenal Biopsy ◽  
Whipple’S Disease ◽  
Whipple's Disease ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
Classic Form ◽  
Pcr Techniques

Whipple’s disease is a rare and difficult-to-diagnose infectious disease, related to infection by gram-positive bacillum Tropheryma whipplei. Clinical manifestations are very variable, but the classic form usually begins with recurring arthritis, followed several years later by non-specific abdominal symptoms, leading to late diagnosis. We present the case of a 52-year-old man who was admitted in the emergency department with an insidious clinical picture characterised by weight loss, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and arthralgias. An abdominal ultrasound was performed, showing findings suggestive of Whipple’s disease, which, in conjunction with the clinical and laboratory findings, allowed the diagnosis to be correctly addressed. Upper endoscopy with duodenal biopsy revealed findings compatible with Whipple’s disease, and the diagnosis was also confirmed through PCR techniques of blood. The patient was given antibiotic therapy, with rapid and substantial clinical improvement.

Tropheryma whipplei, Immunosuppression and Whipple's Disease: From a Low-Pathogenic, Environmental Infectious Organism to a Rare, Multifaceted Inflammatory Complex

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Marth
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valves ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Tropheryma Whipplei ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Whipple’S Disease ◽  
Whipple's Disease ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Body Compartments

Background: The actinobacterium Tropheryma whipplei was detected 20 years ago by molecular techniques, and following its culture has been characterized as the cause of a systemic infection known as Whipple's disease (WD). T. whipplei occurs in the environment, is prevalent only in humans, is believed to be transmitted via oral routes and to be host dependent. Key Messages: The classical form of T. whipplei infection, i.e. classical WD (CWD), is rare. It is well defined as slowly progressing chronic infection with arthralgia, diarrhea and weight loss, mostly in middle-aged men. However, current research revealed a much broader spectrum of clinical features associated with T. whipplei infection. Thus, T. whipplei may cause acute and transient infections (observed primarily in children) and the bacterium, which is found in soil and water, occurs in asymptomatic carriers as well as in CWD patients in clinical remission. In addition, T. whipplei affects isolated and localized body compartments such as heart valves or the central nervous system. Subtle immune defects and HLA associations have been described. New findings indicate that the progression of asymptomatic T. whipplei infection to clinical WD may be associated with medical immunosuppression and with immunomodulatory conditions. This explains that there is a discrepancy between the widespread occurrence of T. whipplei and the rareness of WD, and that T. whipplei infection triggered by immunosuppression presents with protean clinical manifestations. Conclusions: This review highlights recent findings and the clinical spectrum of infection with T. whipplei and WD, focusing specifically on the role of host immunity and immunosuppression. Current concepts of the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy are discussed.

scholarly journals Tropheryma whipplei, the Whipple's disease bacillus, induces macrophage apoptosis through the extrinsic pathway

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. e34-e34 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Gorvel ◽  
K Al Moussawi ◽  
E Ghigo ◽  
C Capo ◽  
J-L Mege ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropheryma Whipplei ◽  
Whipple’S Disease ◽  
Extrinsic Pathway ◽  
Whipple's Disease ◽  
Macrophage Apoptosis

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies for the Detection of Immunoglobulin G of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops Truncatus)

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik H. Nollens ◽  
Linda G. Green ◽  
Diane Duke ◽  
Michael T. Walsh ◽  
Beth Chittick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphin ◽  
Tursiops Truncatus ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Common Bottlenose Dolphin ◽  
Circulating Antibodies ◽  
The Common

Antibodies directed against species-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) have a broad range of applications in serologic and immunologic research and in the development of clinical assays. Validated anti-IgG antibodies for marine mammal species are in short supply. The objective of this study was to produce and validate antibodies with specificity for IgG of the common bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus). Bottlenose dolphin IgG was purified using protein G. Two mouse monoclonal antibodies and a rabbit polyclonal antibody were developed from mice and rabbits immunized with bottlenose dolphin IgG. The specificity of the monoclonal antibodies and the polyclonal antibody for bottlenose dolphin IgG was first verified by Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For further validation, both monoclonal antibodies and the polyclonal antibody were incorporated in an indirect ELISA for the detection of the immune response of bottlenose dolphins to a vaccine antigen. Three bottlenose dolphins were immunized with a commercial Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae vaccine, and serial blood samples were collected from all dolphins for measurement of levels of circulating antibodies. Seroconversion was observed in all 3 dolphins by use of both monoclonal antibodies and the polyclonal antibody. Circulating antibodies were detectable as early as 6 days after immunization in 1 dolphin. Peak antibody levels were detected 14 days after the immunization. The ability to detect seroconversion in all 3 immunized bottlenose dolphins firmly establishes the specificity of the monoclonal antibodies and the polyclonal antibody for IgG of the common bottlenose dolphin.

Production of species-specific monoclonal antibodies that react with surface components on zoospores and cysts of Phytophthora nicotianae

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1161-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
A V Robold ◽  
A R Hardham
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hybridoma Cells ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Hybridoma Cell Lines ◽  
Species Specific

Monoclonal antibodies were generated against components on the surface of zoospores and cysts of the Oomycete, Phytophthora nicotianae, with the aim of obtaining antibodies diagnostic for this species of plant pathogen. A dipstick version of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to screen hybridoma cell lines produced by following a coimmunization protocol in which a mouse was immunized with Phytophthora nicotianae cysts mixed with murine antisera raised against cysts of Phytophthora cinnamomi and Phytophthora cryptogea. Of the nine hybridoma cells lines which remained positive, five produced antibodies that reacted with species-specific epitopes on the surface of the spores. Immunofluorescence, immunogold, and immunoblot labelling showed that three of the five species-specific antibodies reacted with a polypeptide of relative molecular mass greater than 205 kDa which was distributed over the entire zoospore surface, including that of the two flagella. These antibodies also labelled the surface of cysts to varying degrees. The other two species-specific antibodies bound to the shaft of tubular mastigonemes that form two rows on the anterior flagellum. In immunoblots, one of these antibodies recognised a 40-kDa glycoprotein. Antibodies produced by the other four hybridoma cell lines reacted with all Phytophthora and Pythium species tested. The results (i) showed that the coimmunization technique effectively produced antibodies directed towards components specific for Phytophthora nicotianae in the presence of antigens common to many Phytophthora species, and (ii) revealed for the first time the biochemical nature of molecular constituents of flagellar mastigonemes in the Oomycetes.Key words: cell surface, flagella, immunodiagnostics, mastigonemes, monoclonal antibodies.

scholarly journals Tropheryma whippleiCrystalline Keratopathy: Report of a Case and Updated Review of the Literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D. Schoenberger ◽  
Sumeer Thinda ◽  
Stephen J. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Tropheryma Whipplei ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Whipple’S Disease ◽  
Whipple's Disease ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Crystalline Keratopathy ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
English Articles

Purpose. To report a case ofTropheryma whippleiinfection with crystalline keratopathy and review the recent literature on the presentation, diagnosis, and management of Whipple's disease.Methods. Detailed case presentation and extensive literature search of Pubmed for all years through February 2012 using the following search terms:Whipple's disease, Tropheryma whipplei, corneal deposits, crystalline keratopathy, and uveitis. Relevant articles were retrieved and analyzed. English abstracts were used for non-English articles. Cross-referencing was employed and reference lists from selected articles were used to identify additional pertinent articles.Results. Diagnosis of Whipple's disease remains challenging and untreated infection can result in mortality. Ocular signs and symptoms are usually nonspecific, but several independent cases have reported the presence of intraocular crystals or crystalline-like deposits.Conclusions. The presence of intraocular crystals or crystalline-like deposits may be an identifying feature of ocular Whipple’s disease.

scholarly journals Survival of Tropheryma whipplei, the Agent of Whipple's Disease, Requires Phagosome Acidification

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1501-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Ghigo ◽  
Christian Capo ◽  
Marianne Aurouze ◽  
Ching-Hsuan Tung ◽  
Jean-Pierre Gorvel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hela Cells ◽  
Cathepsin D ◽  
Tropheryma Whipplei ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Whipple’S Disease ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Bafilomycin A1 ◽  
Phagosome Maturation ◽  
Whipple's Disease ◽  
New Approach

ABSTRACT Tropheryma whipplei was established as the agent of Whipple's disease in 2000, but the mechanisms by which it survives within host cells are still unknown. We show here that T. whipplei survives within HeLa cells by controlling the biogenesis of its phagosome. Indeed, T. whipplei colocalized with lysosome-associated membrane protein 1, a membrane marker of late endosomal and lysosomal compartments, but not with cathepsin D, a lysosomal hydrolase. This defect in phagosome maturation is specific to live organisms, since heat-killed bacilli colocalized with cathepsin D. In addition, T. whipplei survived within HeLa cells by adapting to acidic pH. The vacuoles containing T. whipplei were acidic (pH 4.7 ± 0.3) and acquired vacuolar ATPase, responsible for the acidic pH of late phagosomes. The treatment of HeLa cells with pH-neutralizing reagents, such as ammonium chloride, N-ethylmaleimide, bafilomycin A1, and chloroquine, increased the intravacuolar pH and promoted the killing of T. whipplei. The ability of T. whipplei to survive in an acidic environment and to interfere with phagosome-lysosome fusion is likely critical for its prolonged persistence in host cells during the course of Whipple's disease. Our results suggest that manipulating the intravacuolar pH may provide a new approach for the treatment of Whipple's disease.

scholarly journals Type I Interferon Induction Is Detrimental during Infection with the Whipple's Disease Bacterium, Tropheryma whipplei

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e1000722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khatoun Al Moussawi ◽  
Eric Ghigo ◽  
Ulrich Kalinke ◽  
Lena Alexopoulou ◽  
Jean-Louis Mege ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type I Interferon ◽  
Tropheryma Whipplei ◽  
Whipple’S Disease ◽  
Type I ◽  
Whipple's Disease ◽  
Interferon Induction
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