scholarly journals Serum Hemagglutination Inhibition Activity Correlates with Protection from Gastroenteritis in Persons Infected with Norwalk Virus

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Czakó ◽  
Robert L. Atmar ◽  
Antone R. Opekun ◽  
Mark A. Gilger ◽  
David Y. Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Blood Group Antigen ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Norwalk Virus ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Blocking Assay

ABSTRACTA hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay to assess serum antibody responses following Norwalk virus (NV) infection was developed. HAI activity increased significantly in individuals experimentally infected with NV (n= 18) and correlated with antibody levels measured in a histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) blocking assay. Prechallenge HAI antibody levels also correlated with protection from the development of gastroenteritis (Mann-Whitney test,P= 0.02). The HAI assay is another assay suitable for the detection of antibody that correlates with protection from Norwalk virus-associated disease.

scholarly journals Low Immunogenicity of Intravesical Phage Therapy for Urogenitary Tract Infections

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 627
Author(s):  
Sławomir Letkiewicz ◽  
Marzanna Łusiak-Szelachowska ◽  
Ryszard Międzybrodzki ◽  
Maciej Żaczek ◽  
Beata Weber-Dąbrowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Urogenital Infections ◽  
Reliable Model ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Antibody Levels

Patients with chronic urinary and urogenital multidrug resistant bacterial infections received phage therapy (PT) using intravesical or intravesical and intravaginal phage administration. A single course of PT did not induce significant serum antibody responses against administered phage. Whilst the second cycle of PT caused a significant increase in antibody levels, they nevertheless remained quite low. These data combined with good therapy results achieved in some patients suggest that this mode of PT may be an efficient means of therapy for urogenital infections and a reliable model for a clinical trial of PT.

Sustained Cross-reactive Antibody Responses After Human Papillomavirus Vaccinations: Up to 12 Years Follow-up in the Finnish Maternity Cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Kann ◽  
Matti Lehtinen ◽  
Tiina Eriksson ◽  
Heljä-Marja Surcel ◽  
Joakim Dillner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Ammonium Thiocyanate ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Quadrivalent Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccines ◽  
Antibody Avidity ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Reactive Antibody

Abstract Background Human papillomaviruses (HPV) cause several human cancers. Bivalent (Cervarix) and quadrivalent (qGardasil) HPV vaccines both contain virus-like particles of the major oncogenic HPV types 16 and 18, but also cross-protect against some nonvaccine types. However, data on long-term sustainability of the cross-reactive antibody responses to HPV vaccines are scarce. Methods Serum samples donated 7–12 years after immunization at age 16–17 years with bivalent (n = 730) or quadrivalent (n = 337) HPV vaccine were retrieved from the population-based Finnish Maternity Cohort biobank. Serum antibody levels against HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, and 73 were determined using multiplex pseudovirion binding assay. Antibody avidity was assessed using ammonium thiocyanate treatment. Results Seropositivity for HPV31, 33, 35, 45, 51, 52, 58, 59, 68, and 73 was increasingly common (P ≤ .001; χ 2 test for trend for each of these types) when women had high anti-HPV16 antibody levels. For 8 nonvaccine HPV types seropositivity was more common among recipients of bivalent than quadrivalent vaccine, in particular for HPV31, 35, 45, 51, 52, and 58 (P < .001). Antibody avidity was higher in the quadrivalent vaccine recipients for HPV6, 11, and two of the nonvaccine types, but lower for HPV16 and 18 (P < .001). Conclusions Both vaccines elicit cross-reactive antibodies detectable even 12 years after vaccination. Cross-reactive seropositivity is more common in women with high anti-HPV16 antibody response and in the bivalent vaccine recipients.

Relationship between Serum Antibody-Levels and the Abo Blood Group Polymorphism

Nature ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 198 (4876) ◽  
pp. 164-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWARD R. EICHNER ◽  
RONALD FINN ◽  
JULIUS R. KREVANS
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Abo Blood Group ◽  
Antibody Levels

scholarly journals A genetic basis for atrophy: dominant non-responsiveness and helicobacter induced gastritis in F1 hybrid mice

Gut ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Sutton ◽  
J Wilson ◽  
R Genta ◽  
D Torrey ◽  
A Savinainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Helicobacter Felis ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Hybrid Mice

BACKGROUNDThe importance of host factors in helicobacter induced gastritis has been shown in animal models. Infection of most mouse strains withHelicobacter felis results in a functional atrophic gastritis, while other strains remain gastritis free.AIMSTo investigate these host factors further by using genetic crosses of responder and non-responder mice.METHODSF1 hybrids of the non-responder CBA/Ca strain and three strains of mice known to develop H felis induced gastritis were infected for three months with H felis. Gastritis was assessed by histopathology and serum antibody responses by ELISA.RESULTSInfection of CBA/Ca mice and F1 hybrids induced little or no gastritis. Analyses of the antibody responses in these mice revealed virtually undetectable anti-helicobacter antibody levels despite colonisation with high numbers of H felis. In contrast, infection of H felis responsive strains induced gastritis and a significant humoral immune response.CONCLUSIONSThe non-responsiveness of CBA/Ca mice to H felis infection is dominantly inherited. The lack of gastritis in CBA mice and their offspring is probably due to active suppression of the immune response normally mounted against H felis. Investigation of these mechanisms will provide important insights relevant to induction of gastric atrophy and cancer in humans.

scholarly journals Histo-Blood Group Antigen Assay for Detecting Noroviruses in Water

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (21) ◽  
pp. 6818-6819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Cannon ◽  
Jan Vinj�
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Magnetic Bead ◽  
Blood Group Antigen ◽  
Norwalk Virus ◽  
Environmental Waters ◽  
Antigen Assay

ABSTRACT We evaluated a novel, magnetic-bead-based histo-blood group antigen assay for the recovery of low numbers of norovirus particles. Using this assay, with Norwalk virus seeded in environmental waters as a model, we were able to recover 30 to 300 genomic copies of the virus.

scholarly journals Systemic and Cutaneous Mucus Antibody Responses of Channel Catfish Immunized against the Protozoan Parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 876-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne L. Maki ◽  
Harry W. Dickerson
Keyword(s):  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Ichthyophthirius Multifiliis ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT Fish acquire protective immunity against the ciliated protozoan parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis following sublethal infection or inoculation with I. multifiliis immobilization antigens (i-antigens). In both cases, parasite-immobilizing antibodies have been identified in sera and mucosal secretions. To investigate the kinetics of this immune response, antibody levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the sera and cutaneous mucus of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) that were either infected with parasites or given a single injection of purified i-antigen (5.0 μg/fish) in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. At 5 weeks, infected and inoculated fish had a mean serum (1:80 dilution) antibody absorbance (A 405) value of 0.54 ± 0.17 and 0.35 ± 0.03, respectively, which were significantly higher (α = 0.05) than the pretreatment serum (1:80 dilution) antibody absorbance value of 0.24 ± 0.05. At 14 weeks, mean serum (1:80 dilution) ELISA absorbance values in the teo groups of fish increased to 0.79 ± 0.30 and 0.71 ± 0.24, respectively. In both groups of fish, antibody levels in cutaneous mucus (undiluted) were much lower than those in sera. Infected fish had detectable mucus (undiluted) antibody levels from 3 to 9 weeks, with the highest mean value (0.30 ± 0.07) occurring at 7 weeks. Although individual inoculated fish produced serum antibody absorbance values comparable to those seen in infected fish, the mean mucus antibody values in this group did not rise above pretreatment levels. I. multifiliis infection induced a transient mucosal antibody response that coincided with the resolution of infection. Whether elicited by infection or intraperitoneal injection of i-antigen, the serum and mucus antibody responses of channel catfish immunized against I. multifiliis did not occur synchronously.

Norovirus Recognizes Histo-Blood Group Antigens on Gastrointestinal Cells of Clams, Mussels, and Oysters: A Possible Mechanism of Bioaccumulation

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 2140-2147 ◽  
Author(s):  
PENG TIAN ◽  
ANNA L. ENGELBREKTSON ◽  
XI JIANG ◽  
WEIMING ZHONG ◽  
ROBERT E. MANDRELL
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Type A ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Blood Group Antigen ◽  
Similar Type ◽  
Blood Group Antigens ◽  
Norwalk Virus ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tissue

Outbreaks of norovirus (NoV) gastroenteritis are often associated with the consumption of contaminated bivalves such as oysters, clams, and mussels. Crassostrea virginica oysters trap the Norwalk virus through the intestinal type A–like histo-blood group antigen (HBGA), a possible mechanism of bioaccumulation responsible for NoV outbreaks. In this study, we tested binding and inhibition of binding in three species of oysters and one species each of clams and mussels with NoVs, representing four HBGA receptor–binding patterns. Our results indicated that all three oyster species expressed type A– and type O–like HBGA in their gastrointestinal tissue. Similar type A–like antigens also were found in mussels and clams, but only some of them express the O-like antigens. Both genogroups I and II recombinant norovirus-like particles (rNoVLPs) bound to gastrointestinal homogenates from oysters, mussels, and clams, and the binding was inhibited by preincubation of the rNoVLP with HBGA-specific monoclonal antibodies or with types A or O HBGA–positive human saliva. Co-localization of rNoVLPs and HBGA on gastrointestinal epithelial cells of oysters, mussels, and clams was also observed by immunofluorescent microscopy. Finally, the binding of rNoVLP to oyster gastrointestinal homogenates was inhibited by incubation with HBGA analogs. This study significantly expands our understanding that multiple HBGAs are expressed in oyster, mussel, and clam gastrointestinal tissues, which could be the major mechanism of bioaccumulation of NoVs by these bivalves. Our results also suggest that this bioaccumulation could be reversed by incubation with HBGA analogs, a possible important new strategy for depuration.

scholarly journals Antibody Responses in Patients with Staphylococcal Septicemia against Two Staphylococcus aureus Fibrinogen Binding Proteins: Clumping Factor and an Extracellular Fibrinogen Binding Protein

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Colque-Navarro ◽  
Marco Palma ◽  
Bo Söderquist ◽  
Jan-Ingmar Flock ◽  
Roland Möllby
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Fibrinogen Binding ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT We analyzed the serum antibody responses against twoStaphylococcus aureus fibrinogen binding proteins, the cell-bound clumping factor (Clf) and an extracellular fibrinogen binding protein (Efb). The material consisted of 105 consecutive serum samples from 41 patients suffering from S. aureussepticemia and 72 serum samples from healthy individuals. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed. Healthy individuals showed variable levels of antibodies against the studied antigens, and cutoff levels (upper 95th percentile) against these antigens were determined. No correlation was seen between serum antibody levels against Clf and Efb. In acute-phase samples 27% of patients showed positive antibody levels against Clf and 10% showed positive levels against Efb, while in convalescent-phase samples 63% (26 of 41) showed a positive serology against Clf and 49% (20 of 41) showed a positive serology against Efb. Antibody levels against Efb were significantly lower in the acute-phase sera than in sera from healthy individuals (P = 0.002). An antibody response against Clf was most frequent in patients suffering from osteitis plus septic arthritis and from endocarditis (80% positive). The antibody response against Efb appeared to develop later in the course of disease. A possible biological effect of measured antibodies was demonstrated with the help of an inhibition ELISA, in which both high-titer and low-titer sera inhibited the binding of bacteria to fibrinogen. In conclusion, we have demonstrated in vivo production ofS. aureus fibrinogen binding proteins during deep S. aureus infections and a possible diagnostic and prophylactic role of the corresponding serum antibodies in such infections.

scholarly journals Comparison of Microneutralization and Histo-Blood Group Antigen–Blocking Assays for Functional Norovirus Antibody Detection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L Atmar ◽  
Khalil Ettayebi ◽  
B Vijayalakshmi Ayyar ◽  
Frederick H Neill ◽  
Ralph P Braun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Blood Group Antigen ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Human Noroviruses ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Blocking Antibodies

Abstract Background The development of an in vitro cultivation system for human noroviruses allows the measurement of neutralizing antibody levels. Methods Serum neutralizing antibody levels were determined using a GII.4/Sydney/2012-like virus in human intestinal enteroids in samples collected before and 4 weeks after administration of an investigational norovirus vaccine and were compared with those measured in histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)–blocking assays. Results Neutralizing antibody seroresponses were observed in 71% of 24 vaccinated adults, and antibody levels were highly correlated (r = 0.82, P < .001) with those measured by HBGA blocking. Conclusions HBGA-blocking antibodies are a surrogate for neutralization in human noroviruses. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02475278.

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