scholarly journals Antibody Responses in Patients with Staphylococcal Septicemia against Two Staphylococcus aureus Fibrinogen Binding Proteins: Clumping Factor and an Extracellular Fibrinogen Binding Protein

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Colque-Navarro ◽  
Marco Palma ◽  
Bo Söderquist ◽  
Jan-Ingmar Flock ◽  
Roland Möllby
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Fibrinogen Binding ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT We analyzed the serum antibody responses against twoStaphylococcus aureus fibrinogen binding proteins, the cell-bound clumping factor (Clf) and an extracellular fibrinogen binding protein (Efb). The material consisted of 105 consecutive serum samples from 41 patients suffering from S. aureussepticemia and 72 serum samples from healthy individuals. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed. Healthy individuals showed variable levels of antibodies against the studied antigens, and cutoff levels (upper 95th percentile) against these antigens were determined. No correlation was seen between serum antibody levels against Clf and Efb. In acute-phase samples 27% of patients showed positive antibody levels against Clf and 10% showed positive levels against Efb, while in convalescent-phase samples 63% (26 of 41) showed a positive serology against Clf and 49% (20 of 41) showed a positive serology against Efb. Antibody levels against Efb were significantly lower in the acute-phase sera than in sera from healthy individuals (P = 0.002). An antibody response against Clf was most frequent in patients suffering from osteitis plus septic arthritis and from endocarditis (80% positive). The antibody response against Efb appeared to develop later in the course of disease. A possible biological effect of measured antibodies was demonstrated with the help of an inhibition ELISA, in which both high-titer and low-titer sera inhibited the binding of bacteria to fibrinogen. In conclusion, we have demonstrated in vivo production ofS. aureus fibrinogen binding proteins during deep S. aureus infections and a possible diagnostic and prophylactic role of the corresponding serum antibodies in such infections.

scholarly journals New Enzyme Immunoassays for Sensitive Detection of CirculatingCandida albicans Mannan and Antimannan Antibodies: Useful Combined Test for Diagnosis of Systemic Candidiasis

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1510-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boualem Sendid ◽  
Marc Tabouret ◽  
Jean Louis Poirot ◽  
Daniel Mathieu ◽  
Jeanine Fruit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassays ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Routine Diagnosis ◽  
Combined Test ◽  
Antibody Levels

Two standardized enzyme immunoassays for the serological diagnosis of candidiasis were developed. The first one detects antimannan antibodies, while the second one detects mannan with a sensitivity of 0.1 ng/ml. These tests were applied to 162 serum samples retrospectively selected from 43 patients with mycologically and clinically proven candidiasis caused by Candida albicans. Forty-three serum samples were positive for mannan, and 63 had significant antibody levels. Strikingly, only five serum samples were simultaneously positive by both tests. When the results were analyzed per patient, 36 (84%) presented at least one serum positive by one test. For 30 of them, positivity by one test was always associated with negative results by the other test for any of the tested sera. For six patients whose sera were positive for either an antigen or an antibody response, a balance between positivity by each test was evidenced by kinetic analysis of sera drawn during the time course of the infection. Controls consisted of 98 serum samples from healthy individuals, 93 serum samples from patients hospitalized in intensive care units, and 39 serum samples from patients with deep mycoses. The sensitivities and specificities were 40 and 98% and 53 and 94% for mannanemia or antibody detection, respectively. These values reached 80 and 93%, respectively, when the results of both tests were combined. These observations, which clearly demonstrate a disparity between circulation of a given mannan catabolite and antimannan antibody response, suggest that use of both enzyme immunoassays may be useful for the routine diagnosis of candidiasis.

scholarly journals Decreased Serum Antibody Responses to RecombinantPneumocystisAntigens in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Current Smokers

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Crothers ◽  
Kieran R. Daly ◽  
David Rimland ◽  
Matthew Bidwell Goetz ◽  
Cynthia L. Gibert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Surface Glycoprotein ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

ABSTRACTSerologic studies can provide important insights into the epidemiology and transmission ofPneumocystis jirovecii. Exposure toP. jiroveciican be assessed by serum antibody responses to recombinant antigens from the major surface glycoprotein (MsgC), although factors that influence the magnitude of the antibody response are incompletely understood. We determined the magnitudes of antibody responses toP. jiroveciiin comparison to adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in HIV-infected and uninfected patients and identified predictors associated with the magnitude of the response. We performed a cross-sectional analysis using serum samples and data from 153 HIV-positive and 92 HIV-negative subjects enrolled in a feasibility study of the Veterans Aging Cohort 5 Site Study (VACS 5). Antibodies were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Independent predictors of antibody responses were determined using multivariate Tobit regression models. The results showed that serum antibody responses toP. jiroveciiMsgC fragments were significantly and independently decreased in current smokers. Antibodies toP. jiroveciialso tended to be lower with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hazardous alcohol use, injection drug use, and HIV infection, although these results were not statistically significant. These results were specific toP. jiroveciiand did not correlate with adenovirus. Antibody responses to RSV were in the inverse direction. Thus, current smoking was independently associated with decreasedP. jiroveciiantibody responses. Whether smoking exerts an immunosuppressive effect that affects theP. jiroveciiantibody response, colonization, or subsequent risk for disease is unclear; prospective, longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate these findings further.

Antibody response of carp, Cyprinus carpio to the cestode, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. NIE ◽  
D. HOOLE
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Immune Protection ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Bothriocephalus Acheilognathi ◽  
Protection Against Infection ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Antibody Secreting Cells

The humoral antibody response and the number of pronephric antibody-secreting cells were examined in naturally Bothriocephalus acheilognathi-infected carp. Cyprinus carpio, and in those injected intraperitoneally with an extract of the cestode. In the extract-injected fish, specific antibody was detected 3 weeks after a second injection given 2 weeks after the primary injection, and antibody levels persisted for more than 200 days. A third injection also enhanced the antibody level in the extract-injected carp. The numbers of antibody-secreting cells were significantly higher in carp injected 3 times with the extract than in the control. In naturally-infected fish, the serum antibody levels and the number of pronephric antibody-secreting cells were higher in infected fish than in uninfected individuals although this difference was not statistically significant. The relevance of these results to immune protection against infection is discussed.

scholarly journals Low Immunogenicity of Intravesical Phage Therapy for Urogenitary Tract Infections

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 627
Author(s):  
Sławomir Letkiewicz ◽  
Marzanna Łusiak-Szelachowska ◽  
Ryszard Międzybrodzki ◽  
Maciej Żaczek ◽  
Beata Weber-Dąbrowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Urogenital Infections ◽  
Reliable Model ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Antibody Levels

Patients with chronic urinary and urogenital multidrug resistant bacterial infections received phage therapy (PT) using intravesical or intravesical and intravaginal phage administration. A single course of PT did not induce significant serum antibody responses against administered phage. Whilst the second cycle of PT caused a significant increase in antibody levels, they nevertheless remained quite low. These data combined with good therapy results achieved in some patients suggest that this mode of PT may be an efficient means of therapy for urogenital infections and a reliable model for a clinical trial of PT.

scholarly journals Mucosal versus systemic antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens in COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baweleta Isho ◽  
Kento T Abe ◽  
Michelle Zuo ◽  
Alainna J Jamal ◽  
Bhavisha Rathod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Mucosal Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Neutralization Activity ◽  
Surrogate Measure ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Negative Controls

While the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 has been extensively studied in blood, relatively little is known about the mucosal immune response and its relationship to systemic antibody levels. Since SARS-CoV-2 initially replicates in the upper airway, the antibody response in the oral cavity is likely an important parameter that influences the course of infection, but how it correlates to the antibody response in serum is not known. Here, we profile by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) IgG, IgA and IgM responses to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (full length trimer) and its receptor binding domain (RBD) in serum (n=496) and saliva (n=90) of acute and convalescent patients with laboratory-diagnosed COVID-19 ranging from 3-115 days post-symptom onset (PSO), compared to negative controls. Anti-CoV-2 antibody responses were readily detected in serum and saliva, with peak IgG levels attained by 16-30 days PSO. Whereas anti-CoV-2 IgA and IgM antibodies rapidly decayed, IgG antibodies remained relatively stable up to 105 days PSO in both biofluids. In a surrogate neutralization ELISA (snELISA), neutralization activity peaks by 31-45 days PSO and slowly declines, though a clear drop is detected at the last blood draw (105-115 days PSO). Lastly, IgG, IgM and to a lesser extent IgA responses to spike and RBD in the serum positively correlated with matched saliva samples. This study confirms that systemic and mucosal humoral IgG antibodies are maintained in the majority of COVID-19 patients for at least 3 months PSO. Based on their correlation with each other, IgG responses in saliva may serve as a surrogate measure of systemic immunity.

Role for the fibrinogen-binding proteins Coagulase and Efb in the Staphylococcus aureus–Candida interaction

2013 ◽  
Vol 303 (5) ◽  
pp. 230-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Fehrmann ◽  
Kerstin Jurk ◽  
Anne Bertling ◽  
Gabriela Seidel ◽  
Wolfgang Fegeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Fibrinogen Binding

scholarly journals Rapid Detection of Serum Antibody by Dual-Path Platform VetTB Assay in White-Tailed Deer Infected with Mycobacterium bovis

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 907-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin P. Lyashchenko ◽  
Rena Greenwald ◽  
Javan Esfandiari ◽  
Daniel J. O'Brien ◽  
Stephen M. Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Free Ranging

ABSTRACTBovine tuberculosis (TB) in cervids remains a significant problem affecting farmed herds and wild populations. Traditional skin testing has serious limitations in certain species, whereas emerging serological assays showed promising diagnostic performance. The recently developed immunochromatographic dual-path platform (DPP) VetTB assay has two antigen bands, T1 (MPB83 protein) and T2 (CFP10/ESAT-6 fusion protein), for antibody detection. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of this test by using serum samples collected from groups of white-tailed deer experimentally inoculated withMycobacterium bovis,M. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis, orM. bovisBCG Pasteur. In addition, we used serum samples from farmed white-tailed deer in herds with no history of TB, as well as from free-ranging white-tailed deer culled during field surveillance studies performed in Michigan known to have bovine TB in the wild deer population. The DPP VetTB assay detected antibody responses in 58.1% of experimentally infected animals within 8 to 16 weeks postinoculation and in 71.9% of naturally infected deer, resulting in an estimated test sensitivity of 65.1% and a specificity of 97.8%. The higher seroreactivity found in deer with naturally acquiredM. bovisinfection was associated with an increased frequency of antibody responses to the ESAT-6 and CFP10 proteins, resulting in a greater contribution of these antigens, in addition to MPB83, to the detection of seropositive animals, compared with experimentalM. bovisinfection. Deer experimentally inoculated with eitherM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisorM. bovisBCG Pasteur did not produce cross-reactive antibodies that could be detected by the DPP VetTB assay. The present findings demonstrate the relatively high diagnostic accuracy of the DPP VetTB test for white-tailed deer, especially in the detection of naturally infected animals.

scholarly journals Mucosally Induced Immunoglobulin E-Associated Inflammation in the Respiratory Tract

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 672-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry W. Simecka ◽  
Raymond J. Jackson ◽  
Hiroshi Kiyono ◽  
Jerry R. McGhee
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Interleukin 5 ◽  
Nasal Immunization ◽  
Igg1 Subclass

ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to determine the immunologic responses, particularly immunopathologic reactions, associated with nasal immunization with the mucosal adjuvant, cholera toxin (CT). BALB/c mice were nasally immunized with tetanus toxoid (TT) combined with CT, and the responses of these mice were determined. After nasal immunization, mice produce a serum antibody response, primarily of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype of predominantly IgG1 subclass, against both TT and CT. Along with the antibody responses, we also found that inflammatory reactions, which could be potentially fatal, developed within the lung. Furthermore, IgE responses were also induced after nasal immunization, and these responses were associated with the detection of interleukin 5 in the serum. Thus, nasal immunization with TT plus CT likely results in the activation of Th2 cells, which may contribute to serious immunopathologic reactions in the lung.

scholarly journals Heterologous Expression, Purification, and Immunological Reactivity of a Recombinant HSP60 from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela A. Cunha ◽  
Roseli M. Zancopé-Oliveira ◽  
M. Sueli ◽  
S. Felipe ◽  
Silvia M. Salem-Izacc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Immunological Reactivity ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Recombinant Antigens

ABSTRACT The complete coding cDNA of HSP60 from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis was overexpressed in an Escherichia coli host to produce high levels of recombinant protein. The protein was purified by affinity chromatography. A total of 169 human serum samples were tested for reactivity by Western blot analysis with the purified HSP60 recombinant protein. Immunoblots indicated that the recombinant P. brasiliensis HSP60 was recognized by antibodies in 72 of 75 sera from paracoccidioidomycosis patients. No cross-reactivity was detected with individual sera from patients with aspergillosis, sporotrichosis, cryptococcosis, and tuberculosis. Reactivity to HSP60 was observed in sera from 9.52% of control healthy individuals and 11.5% of patients with histoplasmosis. The high sensitivity and specificity (97.3 and 92.5%, respectively) for HSP60 suggested that the recombinant protein can be used singly or in association with other recombinant antigens to detect antibody responses in P. brasiliensis-infected patients.

scholarly journals Serum Antibody Responses in Children with Rotavirus Diarrhea Can Serve as Proxy for Protection

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Xu ◽  
P. Dennehy ◽  
H. Keyserling ◽  
L. E. Westerman ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Convalescent Phase ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Reliable Marker ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea

ABSTRACT We examined sera from 42 patients 1 to 30 months of age for rotavirus immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, IgG, and IgG subclasses and sought to determine if serum antibody could serve as a reliable marker for prediction of disease severity. Infants in the first few months of life usually had high maternal IgG titers and, when they were infected with rotavirus, had low IgM titers or no IgM in acute-phase sera and poor seroconversions 3 weeks later, suggesting that maternal antibodies had inhibited viral replication and antibody responses. All patients ≥6 months of age had IgM in acute-phase sera, indicating that IgM is a good marker for acute rotavirus infection. IgG was the best overall predictor of an infection, as the convalescent-phase sera of 81% of the patients had a fourfold rise in the IgG titer. IgA titers in convalescent-phase sera and conversion rates were higher among patients ≥12 months of age than among children younger than 12 months. IgG1 was the predominant subclass detected in the acute-phase sera of some children and in all 28 convalescent-phase serum samples examined. Patients with preexisting acute-phase IgG titers of ≥100 or ≥200 had diarrhea that was less severe or of a shorter duration. These results indicate that serum IgG is the most reliable marker for seroconversion and is a consistent proxy for protection against severe disease.

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