scholarly journals Orally Administered Giardia duodenalis Extracts Enhance an Antigen-Specific Antibody Response

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 6503-6510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda A. Dunn ◽  
Jacqueline A. Upcroft ◽  
Elizabeth V. Fowler ◽  
Ben S. Matthews ◽  
Peter Upcroft
Keyword(s):  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Adjuvant Activity ◽  
Specific Antibody Response ◽  
Specific Serum ◽  
Serum Response

ABSTRACT We have identified novel adjuvant activity in specific cytosol fractions from trophozoites of Giardia isolate BRIS/95/HEPU/2041 (J. A. Upcroft, P. A. McDonnell, and P. Upcroft, Parasitol. Today, 14:281–284, 1998). Adjuvant activity was demonstrated in the systemic and mucosal compartments when Giardia extract was coadministered orally with antigen to mice. Enhanced antigen-specific serum antibody responses were demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to be comparable to those generated by the “gold standard,” mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin. A source of adjuvant activity was localized to the cytosolic component of the parasite. Fractionation of the cytosol produced fraction pools, some of which, when coadministered with antigen, stimulated an enhanced antigen-specific serum response. The toxic component of conventional mucosal adjuvants is associated with adjuvant activity; therefore, in a similar way, the toxin-like attributes of BRIS/95/HEPU/2041 may be responsible for its adjuvanticity. Complete characterization of the adjuvant is under way.

scholarly journals A Novel Approach for Detecting an Immunodominant Antigen of Porphyromonas gingivalis in Diagnosis of Adult Periodontitis

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiasa Kawai ◽  
Hiro-O Ito ◽  
Nobuo Sakato ◽  
Hiroshi Okada
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Specific Antibody Response ◽  
Immunodominant Antigen ◽  
Crude Antigen ◽  
Novel Approach

ABSTRACT In the course of long-term infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis in adult periodontitis, a specific antibody response to this organism is generated. We describe a potential novel approach for identifying an immunodominant antigen in human periodontitis patients. First, various monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were established from mice immunized with crude antigen preparations of P. gingivalis FDC 381. The antigen specificities of these MAbs were compared with those of serum antibodies of 10 periodontitis patients in a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The binding of one MAb (termed PF18) was readily inhibited by sera from all patients but not by sera from healthy volunteers. The antigen recognized by PF18 existed on the cell surface, presumably in the capsule layer, shown by immunoelectron microscopic analysis. Purification of the antigenic substance, termed PF18-Ag, was performed by immunoaffinity chromatography with the MAb. Characterization of PF18-Ag suggested that the epitope was composed of carbohydrates but not peptides and that the substance was different from lipopolysaccharide. Measurement of levels of serum antibody to PF18-Ag better discriminated periodontitis patients from healthy individuals than measurement of antibodies to crude antigen preparations of P. gingivalis. Immunoglobulin G2 was the predominant isotype among the antibodies to PF18-Ag in the patients’ sera. These results suggest that PF18-Ag, which is possibly a novel substance, is an important antigenic substance and is potentially useful for the clinical diagnosis of adult periodontitis. The approach that was used would also be relevant to detecting immunodominant antigens of other infectious microorganisms.

The Influence of Genetic Variation on the Splenic T Cell Cytokine and Specific Serum Antibody Responses toPorphyromonas gingivalisin Mice

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1130-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Gemmell ◽  
Tracey A. Winning ◽  
Dorothy A. Grieco ◽  
Philip S. Bird ◽  
Gregory J. Seymour
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Specific Serum

scholarly journals 405. Serum Antibody Responses Against Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Infected Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S206-S206
Author(s):  
Kasturi Banerjee ◽  
Michael Motley ◽  
Elizabeth Diago-Navarro ◽  
Bettina C Fries
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Affinity Column ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Potential Vaccine ◽  
Clade 1 ◽  
Humoral Responses

Abstract Background Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae ST258 (CR-Kp) is a potential vaccine target. CPS of these isolates generally falls within 2 homology groups named clade 1 and clade 2. We and others have made antibodies (Abs) that act against clade2 CR-Kp but failed to make therapeutic Abs against clade1 CR-Kp. Previous studies had shown that studying patient’s antibody responses could help in identifying suitable candidates for developing immunotherapies. Thus, we sought to identify potential vaccine candidates by investigating the humoral response CPS in CR-Kp-infected patients. Methods 24 CR-Kp isolates and corresponding serums were collected from inpatients at Stony Brook Hospital. CPS was isolated and purified by size-exclusion column chromatography from CR-Kp strains 34 (clade 2), 36 (clade 1), and 38 (clade-Other). Anti-CPS Abs in patient’s serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and bulk Abs from positive serum were purified using an affinity column. These Abs were tested for activity against CR-Kp by serum bactericidal and agglutination assays. Results 50% of clade2 CR-Kp-infected patients had humoral responses against CPS34. 77% of clade 1-infected patients sera cross-reacted wtih CPS34, but none of them developed Abs against CPS36. Interestingly, 90% of clade1 and 60% of clade 2-infected patients, respectively, showed Abs binding to CPS38. Thus, we selectively purified Anti-CPS Abs from two clade-Other-infected patients and observed that they were cross-reactive with all three CPS. Further, these Anti-CPS Abs agglutinated all tested CR-Kp isolates (34, 36, and 38) when compared with control human IgG (P < 0.005). Additionally, these Anti-CPS Abs promoted killing of clade2 bacteria and inhibited the growth of clade1 bacteria in Ab-mediated serum bactericidal assay. These data elucidate that humoral responses developed in clade-Other CR-Kp-infected patients have therapeutic potential. Conclusion With the unavailability of effective antimicrobials for CR-Kp, approaches like developing novel anti-CPS vaccine could serve as an alternate therapy. Our data suggest that developing immunotherapies targeting CPS38 could potentially provide protection across both clade1 and clade2 bacteria in clinical settings. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Coexpressing the F Protein of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Interleukin-4 (IL-4) Does Not Inhibit the Development of RSV-Specific Memory Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes, whereas Priming Is Diminished in the Presence of High Levels of IL-2 or Gamma Interferon

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 4080-4087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary P. Bembridge ◽  
Juan A. Lopez ◽  
Roy Cook ◽  
Jose A. Melero ◽  
Geraldine Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Recombinant Vaccinia ◽  
F Protein ◽  
Specific Serum ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Memory Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

ABSTRACT In order to investigate if immune responses to the fusion (F) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) could be influenced by cytokines, recombinant vaccinia viruses (rVV) carrying both the F gene of RSV and the gene for murine interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, or gamma interferon (IFN-γ) were constructed. In vitro characterization of rVV revealed that insertion of the cytokine gene into the VP37 locus of the vaccinia virus genome resulted in 100- to 1,000-fold higher expression than insertion of the same gene into the thymidine kinase (TK) locus. In comparison, only a two- to fivefold difference in the level of expression of the F protein was observed when the gene was inserted into either of these two loci. Mice vaccinated with rVV expressing the F protein and high levels of IL-2 or IFN-γ cleared rVV more rapidly than mice inoculated with a control rVV and developed only low levels of RSV-specific serum antibody. In addition, these recombinants were much less effective at priming RSV-specific memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and IFN-γ production by spleen cells than rVV expressing the F protein alone. In contrast, mice vaccinated with rVV expressing high levels of IL-4 showed signs of delayed rVV clearance. RSV-specific serum antibody responses were biased in favor of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) in these mice, as there was a significant reduction in IgG2a antibody responses compared with serum antibody responses in mice vaccinated with rVV expressing the F protein alone. However, vaccination with rVV expressing the F protein together with high levels of IL-4 did not alter the development of RSV-specific memory CTL or IFN-γ production by RSV-restimulated splenocytes.

scholarly journals Serum Antibody Responses to 10 Mycobacterium tuberculosis Proteins, Purified Protein Derivative, and Old Tuberculin in Natural and Experimental Tuberculosis in Rhesus Monkeys

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2154-2160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangui Min ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Ren Huang ◽  
Wende Li ◽  
Yu'e Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Purified Protein Derivative ◽  
Diagnostic Potential

ABSTRACTOld tuberculin (OT) and purified protein derivative (PPD) are widely used for tuberculin skin testing (TST) in diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) but often yield poor specificity and anergy in reaction. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new serological methods as a possible auxiliary diagnostic method for TB. In this study, we characterized the dynamic antibody responses of 10 purified recombinant antigens, PPD, and OT in rhesus monkeys experimentally infected withMycobacterium tuberculosisand analyzed the time to antibody detection, antibody levels, and their association with the infectious doses. The antibodies were detected as early as 4 weeks after infection in response to 5 antigens (CFP10, CFP10-ESAT-6, U1, MPT64, and Ag85b). Antibodies against most of the other antigens were detected between 4 and 12 weeks after infection. The levels of antibodies were dose dependant. We further evaluated the serodiagnostic potential of these antigens by using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 71 TST-positive and 90 TST-negative serum samples from monkeys. For all 12 antigens, the median optical density values of TST-positive monkeys were statistically significantly higher than those of TST-negative monkeys (P< 0.001). Among those antigens, Ag85b and CFP10 showed higher diagnostic potential than others. A combination of results from Ag85b, the 38-kDa antigen (Ag38kDa), and Ag14kDa reaches a sensitivity of 95.77%, indicating that these antigens may be ideal cocktails in TB diagnosis.

scholarly journals Decreased Serum Antibody Responses to RecombinantPneumocystisAntigens in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Current Smokers

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Crothers ◽  
Kieran R. Daly ◽  
David Rimland ◽  
Matthew Bidwell Goetz ◽  
Cynthia L. Gibert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Surface Glycoprotein ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

ABSTRACTSerologic studies can provide important insights into the epidemiology and transmission ofPneumocystis jirovecii. Exposure toP. jiroveciican be assessed by serum antibody responses to recombinant antigens from the major surface glycoprotein (MsgC), although factors that influence the magnitude of the antibody response are incompletely understood. We determined the magnitudes of antibody responses toP. jiroveciiin comparison to adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in HIV-infected and uninfected patients and identified predictors associated with the magnitude of the response. We performed a cross-sectional analysis using serum samples and data from 153 HIV-positive and 92 HIV-negative subjects enrolled in a feasibility study of the Veterans Aging Cohort 5 Site Study (VACS 5). Antibodies were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Independent predictors of antibody responses were determined using multivariate Tobit regression models. The results showed that serum antibody responses toP. jiroveciiMsgC fragments were significantly and independently decreased in current smokers. Antibodies toP. jiroveciialso tended to be lower with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hazardous alcohol use, injection drug use, and HIV infection, although these results were not statistically significant. These results were specific toP. jiroveciiand did not correlate with adenovirus. Antibody responses to RSV were in the inverse direction. Thus, current smoking was independently associated with decreasedP. jiroveciiantibody responses. Whether smoking exerts an immunosuppressive effect that affects theP. jiroveciiantibody response, colonization, or subsequent risk for disease is unclear; prospective, longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate these findings further.

scholarly journals Antibody Responses in Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) Infected with Mycobacterium bovis

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Waters ◽  
M. V. Palmer ◽  
J. P. Bannantine ◽  
R. Greenwald ◽  
J. Esfandiari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Testing Procedures

ABSTRACT Despite having a very low incidence of disease, reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) are subject to tuberculosis (TB) testing requirements for interstate shipment and herd accreditation in the United States. Improved TB tests are desperately needed, as many reindeer are falsely classified as reactors by current testing procedures. Sera collected sequentially from 11 (experimentally) Mycobacterium bovis-infected reindeer and 4 noninfected reindeer were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoblotting, and multiantigen print immunoassay (MAPIA) for antibody specific to M. bovis antigens. Specific antibody was detected as early as 4 weeks after challenge with M. bovis. By MAPIA, sera were tested with 12 native and recombinant antigens, which were used to coat nitrocellulose. All M. bovis-infected reindeer developed responses to MPB83 and a fusion protein, Acr1/MPB83, and 9/11 had responses to MPB70. Other antigens less commonly recognized included MPB59, ESAT-6, and CFP10. Administration of purified protein derivatives for skin testing boosted serum antibody responses, as detected by each of the assays. Of the noninfected reindeer, 2/4 had responses that were detectable immediately following skin testing, which correlated with pathological findings (i.e., presence of granulomatous lesions yet the absence of acid-fast bacteria). The levels of specific antibody produced by infected reindeer appeared to be associated with disease progression but not with cell-mediated immunity. These findings indicate that M. bovis infection of reindeer elicits an antibody response to multiple antigens that can be boosted by skin testing. Serological tests using carefully selected specific antigens have potential for early detection of infections in reindeer.

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