scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Serologic Assays Dependent on Dual-Antigen Binding Demonstrate Diverging Kinetics Relative to Other Antibody Detection Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elitza S. Theel ◽  
Patrick W. Johnson ◽  
Katie L. Kunze ◽  
Liang Wu ◽  
Amy P. Gorsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Antigen Binding ◽  
Humoral Immune

Longitudinal studies assessing durability of the anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti-SARS-CoV-2) humoral immune response have generated conflicting results. This has been proposed to be due to differences in patient populations, the lack of standardized methodologies, and the use of assays that measure distinct aspects of the humoral response.

scholarly journals Humoral immunological kinetics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and diagnostic performance of serological assays for coronavirus disease 2019: an analysis of global reports

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Uchenna Emeribe ◽  
Idris Nasir Abdullahi ◽  
Halima Ali Shuwa ◽  
Leonard Uzairue ◽  
Sanusi Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to rise and second waves are reported in some countries, serological test kits and strips are being considered to scale up an adequate laboratory response. This study provides an update on the kinetics of humoral immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and performance characteristics of serological protocols (lateral flow assay [LFA], chemiluminescence immunoassay [CLIA] and ELISA) used for evaluations of recent and past SARS-CoV-2 infection. A thorough and comprehensive review of suitable and eligible full-text articles was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Wordometer and medRxiv from 10 January to 16 July 2020. These articles were searched using the Medical Subject Headings terms ‘COVID-19’, ‘Serological assay’, ‘Laboratory Diagnosis’, ‘Performance characteristics’, ‘POCT’, ‘LFA’, ‘CLIA’, ‘ELISA’ and ‘SARS-CoV-2’. Data from original research articles on SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection ≥second day postinfection were included in this study. In total, there were 7938 published articles on humoral immune response and laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19. Of these, 74 were included in this study. The detection, peak and decline period of blood anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM, IgG and total antibodies for point-of-care testing (POCT), ELISA and CLIA vary widely. The most promising of these assays for POCT detected anti-SARS-CoV-2 at day 3 postinfection and peaked on the 15th day; ELISA products detected anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG at days 2 and 6 then peaked on the eighth day; and the most promising CLIA product detected anti-SARS-CoV-2 at day 1 and peaked on the 30th day. The most promising LFA, ELISA and CLIA that had the best performance characteristics were those targeting total SARS-CoV-2 antibodies followed by those targeting anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG then IgM. Essentially, the CLIA-based SARS-CoV-2 tests had the best performance characteristics, followed by ELISA then POCT. Given the varied performance characteristics of all the serological assays, there is a need to continuously improve their detection thresholds, as well as to monitor and re-evaluate their performances to assure their significance and applicability for COVID-19 clinical and epidemiological purposes.

scholarly journals Immunological imprinting of the antibody response in COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Aydillo ◽  
Alexander Rombauts ◽  
Daniel Stadlbauer ◽  
Sadaf Aslam ◽  
Gabriela Abelenda-Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Nucleocapsid Protein ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Human Coronaviruses

AbstractIn addition to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), humans are also susceptible to six other coronaviruses, for which consecutive exposures to antigenically related and divergent seasonal coronaviruses are frequent. Despite the prevalence of COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing research, the nature of the antibody response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is unclear. Here we longitudinally profile the early humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and quantify levels of pre-existing immunity to OC43, HKU1 and 229E seasonal coronaviruses, and find a strong back-boosting effect to conserved but not variable regions of OC43 and HKU1 betacoronaviruses spike protein. However, such antibody memory boost to human coronaviruses negatively correlates with the induction of IgG and IgM against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid protein. Our findings thus provide evidence of immunological imprinting by previous seasonal coronavirus infections that can potentially modulate the antibody profile to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Two‐Year Prospective Study of the Humoral Immune Response of Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 193 (6) ◽  
pp. 792-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Arnaud Fontanet ◽  
Pan‐He Zhang ◽  
Lin Zhan ◽  
Zhong‐Tao Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune

scholarly journals Impact of Binge Alcohol Intoxication on the Humoral Immune Response during Burkholderia spp. Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Ryan M. Moreno ◽  
Victor Jimenez ◽  
Fernando P. Monroy
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
The Impact

Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis can occur in healthy humans, yet binge alcohol use is progressively being recognized as a major risk factor. Currently, no experimental studies have investigated the effects of binge alcohol on the adaptive immune system during an active infection. In this study, we used B. thailandensis and B. vietnamiensis, to investigate the impact of a single binge alcohol episode on the humoral response during infection. Eight-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were administered alcohol comparable to human binge drinking (4.4 g/kg) or PBS intraperitoneally 30 min before intranasal infection. Mice infected with B. thailandensis had a 100% survival rate, while those infected with B. vietnamiensis had a 33% survivability rate when a binge alcohol dose was administered. B. thailandensis was detected in blood of mice administered alcohol at only 7 days post infection (PI), while those infected with B. vietnamiensis and receiving alcohol were found throughout the 28-day infection as well as in tissues at day 28 PI. Binge alcohol elevated IgM and delayed IgG specific to the whole cell lysate (WCL) of B. vietnamiensis but not B. thailandensis infections. Differences in immunogenicity of B. pseudomallei near-neighbors provide a framework for novel insights into the effects of binge alcohol’s suppression of the humoral immune response that can cause opportunistic infections in otherwise healthy hosts.

scholarly journals Should be a Third Dose of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19-Vaccine Administered in Patients with Myelofibrosis Under Ruxolitinib?

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2573-2573
Author(s):  
Giovanni Caocci ◽  
Olga Mulas ◽  
Daniela Mantovani ◽  
Alessandro Costa ◽  
Andrea Galizia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Prognostic Scoring System ◽  
Humoral Immune

Abstract Introduction. Patients with Myelofibrosis (MF) are considered fragile and thus eligible in Italy for COVID-19 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination. According to the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS), patients with intermediate and high MF, may receive clinical benefits from ruxolitinib, the first approved JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor. Given the potent anti-inflammatory properties of ruxolitinib against immunocompetent cells, we previously reported a lower but non-statistically absolute IgG anti-Spike humoral response in vaccinated MF patients treated with ruxolitinib. In the present report we extended the cohort of MF patients. Methods. All MF patients received 2 injections of 30 ug per dose of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine 3 weeks apart, according to the standard protocol. After injection, mild pain at the injection site was frequently reported. No serious adverse events were registered. The serum level of IgG anti-Spike glycoprotein was tested after a median time of 45 days (range 40-60) from the second vaccine dose, using the approved anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG CLIA (LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG assay, Diasorin, Saluggia, Italy). An Arbitrary Units per milliliter (AU/mL) ratio of <12.0 was considered to be negative, 12.0-15.0 AU/mL to be borderline and >15 AU/mL to be positive. A conversion of AU/mL to binding antibody units (BAU/mL) as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines was achieved considering the following equation: BAU/mL = 2.6*AU/mL. Results. Overall, 30 MF patients (median age 65 years, range 48-83) were vaccinated. A diagnosis of primary MF was reported in 21 cases (70%), post essential thrombocythemia-MF in 6 (20%) patients and post polycythemia vera-MF in 3 (10%) patients; 23 out of 30 patients (76.6%) were positive for the JAK2V617F, 5 (16.6%) for CALR mutation, 1 (3.3%) for MPL mutation and 1 patient (3.3%) resulted triple negative. Splenomegaly was observed in 14 patients (46%) and 19 (63.3%) reported comorbidities. Nineteen patients (63.3%) were classified as DIPSS low or intermediate-1 risk, and 11 (36.6%) as intermediate-2 or high risk. Fifteen patients (50%) were receiving ruxolitinib, at a median total dose of 20 mg/die (range 20-40 mg) and the remaining 15 patients other treatments (8 patients hydroxyurea and 7 only supportive therapy). None of the patients reported COVID-19 infection neither previous nor subsequently to vaccination. Overall, a positive immune response against COVID-19 was observed in 8 out of 15 patients (53.3%) in the ruxolitinib group, in comparison with 13 out 15 patients (86.6%) in the other treatment group (p=0,046). The absolute IgG anti-Spike value was lower in the ruxolitinib group (median 35.2±49.81) in comparison with the other group (median 226.1±163.9; p=<0.001), Figure 1. In univariate analysis, only ruxolitinib treatment was found associated with a lower humoral immune response to the vaccine. Conclusions. MF patients under ruxolitinib achieved a lower humoral immune response in comparison with MF patients who underwent other treatments. No COVID-19 infection was observed in both groups after vaccination, after a median follow up of 3 months since the second dose. Whether patients with a potential insufficient humoral response to vaccine will benefit from a third dose of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine is a matter of further investigation. Our preliminary data need to be confirmed in larger cohort of MF patients. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Murru: Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: travel and accommodation; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Captopril and Diuretics on Macrophage Activity in Mouse Humoral Immune Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11374
Author(s):  
Paweł Bryniarski ◽  
Katarzyna Nazimek ◽  
Janusz Marcinkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Surface Markers ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Macrophage Activity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Hypertension is accompanied by the over-activation of macrophages. Diuretics administered alone or in combination with hypotensive drugs may have immunomodulatory effects. Thus, the influence of tested drugs on mouse macrophage-mediated humoral immunity was investigated. Mice were treated intraperitoneally with captopril (5 mg/kg) with or without hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/kg) or furosemide (5 mg/kg) by 8 days. Mineral oil-induced peritoneal macrophages were harvested to assess the generation of cytokines in ELISA, and the expression of surface markers was analyzed cytometrically. Macrophages were also pulsed with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and transferred to naive mice for evaluation of their ability to induce a humoral immune response. Tested drugs increase the expression of surface markers important for the antigen phagocytosis and presentation. SRBC-pulsed macrophages from mice treated with captopril combined with diuretics increased the secretion of antigen-specific antibodies by recipient B cells, while macrophages of mice treated with hydrochlorothiazide or furosemide with captopril increased the number of antigen-specific B cells. Tested drugs alter the macrophage secretory profile in favor of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Our results showed that diuretics with or without captopril modulate the humoral response by affecting the function of macrophages, which has significant translational potential in assessing the safety of antihypertensive therapy.

scholarly journals Systemic COVID-19 vaccination also enhances the humoral immune response after SARS CoV-2 infection in the population of an oncology hospital in Poland. Criteria for COVID-19 re-immunization are needed.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Kosiorek ◽  
Dorota Kazberuk ◽  
Anna Hryniewicz ◽  
Robert Milewski ◽  
Samuel Stróż ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Hospital Laboratory ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Chemiluminescent Immunoassay

Abstract Systemic vaccination of the BNT162b2 mRNA stimulates humoral response. Our study aimed to compare the intensity of humoral immune response, measured by SARS CoV-2 IgG, SARS CoV-2 IgM, and neutralization S-RBD IgG antibodies level, post COVID-19 vaccination versus post-SARS COV-2 infection. We analysed 1060 people in the following groups: convalescents, healthy vaccinated, vaccinated with COMIRNATY, AstraZeneca, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson, and vaccinated SARS CoV-2 convalescents. A concentration of SARS CoV-2 IgG, SARS CoV-2 IgM, and neutralizing S-RBD IgG was estimated in hospital laboratory by chemiluminescent immunoassay - CLIA, MAGLUMI. Results: 1. We observed a rise of antibodies response in both convalescent SARS CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccinated groups 2. The level of all antibodies’ concentrations in vaccinated COVID-19 convalescents was significantly higher. 3. We differentiated asymptomatic SARS CoV-2 convalescents from the control group. Based on our analysis, we suggest that it is essential to monitor SARS CoV-2 antibodies concentrations as an indicator of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection and equivalent to the effectiveness of humoral response in convalescents and vaccinated people. Considering the time-limited nature of the effects of post-infection SARS CoV-2 recovery or vaccination, among others physiological half-life, we suggested monitoring IgG antibodies level as a criterium for the next vaccination.

scholarly journals Humoral Response to Microbial Biomarkers in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 5153
Author(s):  
Seyedesomaye Jasemi ◽  
Gian Luca Erre ◽  
Maria Luisa Cadoni ◽  
Marco Bo ◽  
Leonardo A. Sechi
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
Microbial Biomarkers ◽  
Significant Difference

Background/Objective: Chronic humoral immune response against multiple microbial antigens may play a crucial role in the etiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to assess the prevalence and magnitude of antibody response against various bacterial and viral immunogen peptides in the sera of RA patients compared with the general population. Methods: Polyclonal IgG antibodies (Abs) specific for peptides derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis (RgpA, Kpg), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (LtxA1, LtxA2), Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP4027), Epstein–Barr virus (EBNA1, EBVBOLF), and human endogenous retrovirus (HERV-W env-su) were detected by ELISA in serum samples from 148 consecutive RA patients and 148 sex and age-matched healthy controls (HCs). In addition, the presence of a relationship between the positivity and the titer of antibodies and RA descriptors was explored by bivariate correlation analysis. Results: RA patients exhibit a higher prevalence of humoral immune response against all tested peptides compared to HCs with a statically significant difference for MAP4027 (30.4% vs. 10.1%), BOLF (25.7% vs. 8.1%), RgpA (24.3% vs. 9.4%), HERV W-env (20.3% vs. 9.4%), and EBNA1 (18.9% vs. 9.4%) peptides. Fifty-three (35.8%) out of 148 RA serum and 93 (62.8%) out of 148 HCs were negative for all pathogen-derived peptides. There was a significant correlation between OD values obtained by ELISA test against all peptides (p < 0.0001). We also found an increased titer and prevalence of Abs against LtxA1 and LtxA2 in seropositive vs. seronegative RF (p = 0.019, p = 0.018). Conclusion: This study demonstrates a significantly increased humoral response against multiple pathogens in patients with RA and implies that they could be an important factor in the pathogenesis of the disease. Therefore, the role of each individual pathogen in RA needs to be further investigated.

scholarly journals Systemic COVID-19 vaccination also enhances the humoral immune response after SARS CoV-2 infection in the population of an oncology hospital in Poland. Criteria for COVID-19 re-immunization are needed.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Kosiorek ◽  
Dorota Kazberuk ◽  
Anna Hryniewicz ◽  
Robert Milewski ◽  
Samuel Stróż ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Chemiluminescent Immunoassay ◽  
Oncology Center

Abstract Systemic vaccination of the BNT162b2 mRNA stimulates humoral response. The aim of our study was to compare the intensity of humoral immune response, measured by SARS CoV-2 IgG, SARS CoV-2 IgM, and neutralization S-RBD IgG antibodies level, post COVID-19 vaccination versus post SARS COV-2 infection. We analysed 1060 people in the following groups: convalescents, healthy vaccinated, vaccinated with COMIRNATY, AstraZeneca, Moderna, Johnson&Johnson and vaccinated SARS CoV-2 convalescents. A concentration of SARS CoV-2 IgG, SARS CoV-2 IgM, and neutralizing S-RBD IgG was estimated in Bialystok Oncology Center laboratory by chemiluminescent immunoassay- CLIA, MAGLUMI. Results: 1. We observed a raise of antibodies response in both, convalescent SARS CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccinated groups 2. The level of all antibodies’ concentrations in vaccinated COVID-19 convalescents was significantly higher. 3. We differentiated an asymptomatic SARS CoV-2 convalescents from control group. Based on our analysis we suggest that it is important to monitor SARS CoV-2 antibodies concentrations as an indicator of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection, and as an equivalent of effectiveness of humoral response in convalescents and vaccinated people. Taking into consideration the time-limited nature of the effects of post infection SARS CoV-2 recovery or vaccination, among others physiological half-life, we suggested monitoring IgG antibodies level as a criterium for next vaccination.

scholarly journals Systemic COVID-19 vaccination also enhances the humoral immune response after SARS CoV-2 infection. An approach to criteria for COVID-19 re-immunization is needed. Do we need a third dose?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Kosiorek ◽  
Dorota Kazberuk ◽  
Anna Hryniewicz ◽  
Robert Milewski ◽  
Samuel Stróż ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Chemiluminescent Immunoassay ◽  
Oncology Center

Abstract Systemic vaccination of the BNT162b2 mRNA stimulates humoral response. The aim of our study was to compare the intensity of humoral immune response, measured by SARS CoV-2 IgG, SARS CoV-2 IgM, and neutralization S-RBD IgG antibodies level, post COVID-19 vaccination versus post SARS COV-2 infection. We analysed 1060 people in the following groups: convalescents, healthy vaccinated, vaccinated with COMIRNATY, AstraZeneca, Moderna, Johnson&Johnson and vaccinated SARS CoV-2 convalescents. A concentration of SARS CoV-2 IgG, SARS CoV-2 IgM, and neutralizing S-RBD IgG was estimated in Bialystok Oncology Center laboratory by chemiluminescent immunoassay- CLIA, MAGLUMI. Results: 1. We observed a raise of antibodies response in both, convalescent SARS CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccinated groups 2. The level of all antibodies’ concentrations in vaccinated COVID-19 convalescents was significantly higher. 3. We differentiated an asymptomatic SARS CoV-2 convalescents from control group. Based on our analysis we suggest that it is important to monitor SARS CoV-2 antibodies concentrations as an indicator of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection, and as an equivalent of effectiveness of humoral response in convalescents and vaccinated people. Taking into consideration the time-limited nature of the effects of post infection SARS CoV-2 recovery or vaccination, among others physiological half-life, we suggested monitoring IgG antibodies level as a criterium for next vaccination.

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