scholarly journals Epidemiology of Hepatitis B, C, E, and G Virus Infections and Molecular Analysis of Hepatitis G Virus Isolates in Bolivia

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 3291-3295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nami Konomi ◽  
Chiaki Miyoshi ◽  
Carlos La Fuente Zerain ◽  
Tian-Cheng Li ◽  
Yasuyuki Arakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Hepatitis G Virus ◽  
Genotype 2

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis G virus (HGV), and hepatitis E virus (HEV) was investigated among 574 healthy blood donors in Bolivia. HCV RNA and HGV RNA in the serum were identified by a nested reverse transcription-PCR using primers derived from the 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR). We also tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and for the antibody to HEV. The results revealed that HGV RNA was present in 84 of 574 (14.6%) tested blood donors, whereas HBsAg was detected in only 2 (0.3%) donors, and no individuals positive for HCV RNA were found. Anti-HEV immunoglobulin G (IgG) was detected in 93 (16.2%) individuals and anti-HEV IgM was found in 10 (1.7%) individuals among the same population. Phylogenetic analysis of 44 HGV isolates in the 5′ UTR showed that 27 (61%) isolates were genotype 3 (Asian type) and the remaining 17 (39%) isolates were genotype 2 (United States and European type). Moreover, we obtained a full-length nucleotide sequence of the HGV genome (designated HGV-BL230) recovered from a Bolivian blood donor. The BL230 was composed of 9,227 nucleotides and had a single open reading frame, encoding 2,842 amino acid residues. Interestingly, the BL230 belonged to genotype 2 of HGV at the level of a full-length sequence, although this was classified as genotype 3 by a phylogenetic analysis based on the 5′ UTR sequence. The BL230 differed from previously reported HGV/hepatitis GB virus type C isolates by 12 to 13% of the nucleotide sequence and 4% of the amino acid sequence. Our data indicate a high prevalence of HGV in native Bolivians, and the major genotype of HGV was type 3.

scholarly journals Two Overlapping Domains of a Lyssavirus Matrix Protein That Acts on Different Cell Death Pathways

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (19) ◽  
pp. 9897-9906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Larrous ◽  
Alireza Gholami ◽  
Shahul Mouhamad ◽  
Jérôme Estaquier ◽  
Hervé Bourhy
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Full Length ◽  
M Protein ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Cell Death Pathways ◽  
Acid Fragment ◽  
M Proteins ◽  
Cellular Apoptosis

ABSTRACT The lyssavirus matrix (M) protein induces apoptosis. The regions of the M protein that are essential for triggering cell death pathways are not yet clearly defined. We therefore compared the M proteins from two viruses that have contrasting characteristics in terms of cellular apoptosis: a genotype 3 lyssavirus, Mokola virus (MOK), and a genotype 1 rabies virus isolated from a dog from Thailand (THA). We identified a 20-amino-acid fragment (corresponding to positions 67 to 86) that retained the cell death activities of the full-length M protein from MOK via both the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) activity. We found that the amino acids at positions 77 and 81 have an essential role in triggering these two cell death pathways. Directed mutagenesis demonstrated that the amino acid at position 77 affects CcO activity, whereas the amino acid at position 81 affects TRAIL-dependent apoptosis. Mutations in the full-length M protein that compromised induction of either of these two pathways resulted in delayed apoptosis compared with the time to apoptosis for the nonmutated control.

scholarly journals A211 SPONTANEOUS HBV REMISSION AFTER HBV REACTIVATION FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH SOFOSBUVIR AND VELPATASVIR IN A PATIENT WITH HCV AND HBV CO-INFECTION: CASE REPORT

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 242-243
Author(s):  
A Chiang ◽  
K Tsoi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Hbv Reactivation ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Direct Acting Antiviral ◽  
Direct Acting

Abstract Background In co-infected patients with hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV), the treatment of HCV with direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA) can cause HBV reactivation. However, there are no clear guidelines on the timing of treatment initiation, especially in the absence of clinical signs of flare. Aims Here we discuss the case of a 34-year-old female with HBV and HCV genotype 3 who had HBV reactivation following HCV treatment, but did not require nucleos(t)ide therapy. Methods She initially presented with chronic inactive hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C with HBV DNA level of 67.5 IU/mL and HCV RNA level of 3.33 x 106 IU/mL. She completed a 12 week course of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir for HCV and achieved sustained virologic remission, but subsequently developed reactivation of her HBV with HBV DNA peaking at 3.41 x 104 IU/mL twelve weeks post-treatment. She did not develop any signs of hepatitis and a decision was made to monitor her clinically. Results Two years later, she spontaneously went into remission with her HBV DNA levels being <10 IU/mL. Conclusions The significance of this case is to illustrate HBV reactivation following treatment of HCV with DAAs may not necessitate immediate treatment, especially if there are no signs of flare. There have been similar reported cases, but larger prospective studies are required to determine the appropriate clinical context where monitoring may be acceptable instead of immediate treatment. Funding Agencies None

scholarly journals Taxonomic status of Bhanja and Kismayo viruses (family Bunyaviridae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
A. S Klimentov ◽  
A. P Gmyl ◽  
A. M Butenko ◽  
L. V Gmyl ◽  
O. V Isaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
The Family ◽  
L Segment

The nucleotide sequence of M= (1398 nucleotides and L= (6186 nucleotides) segments of the genome of Bhanja virus and L-segment (1297 nucleotides) of Kismayo virus has been partially determined. Phylogenetic analysis of deduced amino acid sequences showed that these viruses are novel members of the Flebovirus (Phlebovirus) genus in the family Bunyaviridae

Detection and phylogenetic analysis of human pegivirus (GBV-C) among blood donors and patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Qatar

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 2074-2081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raed O. AbuOdeh ◽  
Enas Al-Absi ◽  
Nadima H. Ali ◽  
Makiyeh Khalili ◽  
Naema Al-Mawlawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
B Virus

scholarly journals Hepatitis G virus in Saudi blood donors and chronic hepatitis B and C patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkarim Alhetheel ◽  
Malak Mohsen El-Hazmi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Exposure Rate ◽  
Hepatitis G Virus ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chronic Hbv ◽  
Hepatitis G

Introduction: Screening blood donors for blood-borne pathogens is very critical for the recipient’s safety. Similar to hepatitis B and C infections, hepatitis G infection is transmitted through contaminated blood and causes acute and chronic hepatitis. Previous reports have shown that the prevalence of hepatitis G virus (HGV) RNA among healthy Saudi donors was 1%-2%. However, the exposure rate of this virus has never been studied. We hypothesized that the prevalence of HGV infection may have changed overtime due to socio-economic and environmental factors. Since hepatitis B and C infections are endemic in Saudi Arabia, we investigated the exposure rate of HGV infection in healthy donors and chronically infected hepatitis B and C patients. Methodology: A prospective study was done on healthy donors and patients with chronic HBV and HCV infections. Hepatitis B and C viral loads were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. HGV exposure rate was evaluated by detection of HGV antibodies. Results: Analysis of samples from healthy donors (n = 210), chronic HBV+ patients (n = 169), and chronic HCV+ patients (n = 105) showed that nine samples (4.3%), seven samples (4.1%), and four samples (3.8%) were positive for HGV antibodies, respectively. The non-significant difference in the exposure rates of HGV between the study groups may indicate that HGV infection occurs independent of HBV or HCV infections. Conclusions: We showed for the first time that the exposure rate of HGV infection among the Saudi population is 4.3%, and we recommend HGV screening for all blood donors.

scholarly journals Racial differences in seroprevalence of HAV and HEV in blood donors in the Western Cape, South Africa: a clue to the predominant HEV genotype?

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (9) ◽  
pp. 1910-1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. LOPES ◽  
R. CABLE ◽  
C. PISTORIUS ◽  
T. MAPONGA ◽  
S. IJAZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Industrialised Countries

SUMMARYHepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a major cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. This infection causes major water-borne outbreaks in low- and middle-income countries, whilst in industrialised countries this infection is zoonotic. These differences in epidemiology are related to different HEV genotypes. HEV genotype 3 is a zoonotic infection, whilst genotype 2 causes large outbreaks. This study determined the seroprevalence of HEV in blood donors from the Western Cape. Anti-hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) antibody was detected in 184/300 (61%) donors. Antibody to HEV (anti-HEV) was detected in 78 of 300 donors (26%). It was highest in mixed race donors (62/100), followed by white donors (23/100) and lowest in black donors (19/100) P = 0.019. Since it is thought that genotypes 1 and 2 predominate both viruses would be acquired by the oro-faecal route, it is surprising that HEV seroprevalence does not mirror that of HAV. We postulate that this may reflect differences in socio-economic status and consumption of dietary meat. So the marked divergence between HEV and HAV seroprevalence may be the result of different routes of transmission. Further data are needed to explore the risk factors associated with HEV infection.

scholarly journals Susceptibilities of Genotype 1a, 1b, and 3 Hepatitis C Virus Variants to the NS5A Inhibitor Elbasvir

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 6922-6929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Liu ◽  
Stephanie Curry ◽  
Patricia McMonagle ◽  
Wendy W. Yeh ◽  
Steven W. Ludmerer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Ns5a Inhibitor ◽  
Genotype 1A ◽  
Genotype 1B ◽  
Ns5a Ravs

ABSTRACTElbasvir is an investigational NS5A inhibitor within vitroactivity against multiple HCV genotypes. Antiviral activity of elbasvir was measured in replicons derived from wild-type or resistant variants of genotypes 1a, 1b, and 3. The barrier to resistance was assessed by the number of resistant colonies selected by exposure to various elbasvir concentrations. In a phase 1b dose-escalating study, virologic responses were determined in 48 noncirrhotic adult men with chronic genotype 1 or 3 infections randomized to placebo or elbasvir from 5 to 50 mg (genotype 1) or 10 to 100 mg (genotype 3) once daily for 5 days. The NS5A gene was sequenced from plasma specimens obtained before, during, and after treatment. Elbasvir suppressed the emergence of resistance-associated variants (RAVs)in vitroin a dose-dependent manner. Variants selected by exposure to high elbasvir concentrations typically encoded multiple amino acid substitutions (most commonly involving loci 30, 31, and 93), conferring high-level elbasvir resistance. In the monotherapy study, patients with genotype 1b had greater reductions in HCV RNA levels than patients with genotype 1a at all elbasvir doses; responses in patients with genotype 3 were generally less pronounced than for genotype 1, particularly at lower elbasvir doses. M28T, Q30R, L31V, and Y93H in genotype 1a, L31V and Y93H in genotype 1b, and A30K, L31F, and Y93H in genotype 3 were the predominant RAVs selected by elbasvir monotherapy. Virologic findings in patients were consistent with the preclinical observations. NS5A-RAVs emerged most often at amino acid positions 28, 30, 31, and 93 in both the laboratory and clinical trial. (The MK-8742 P002 trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT01532973.)

scholarly journals THE PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B AND C VIRUS’S MARKERS AMONG CONDITIONALLY HEALTHY RESIDENTS OF THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM (SOUTHERN VIETNAM)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Ostankova ◽  
A. V. Semenov ◽  
E. B. Zueva ◽  
E. N. Serikova ◽  
A. N. Schemelev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
Southern Vietnam ◽  
South Vietnam

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of serological and molecular biological markers of viral hepatitis B and C among conditionally healthy residents of South Vietnam. The study material was represented by 397 blood serum samples collected from conditionally healthy residents of the Southern Vietnam. The ELISA examination for HBV and HCV markers occurrence involved HBsAg, anti-HBs IgG, anti-HBcore IgG, and anti-HCV qualitative determination. For HBV DNA and HCV RNA detection, nucleic acids were extracted from serum blood, and viruses presence test were executed by real-time PCR with hybridisation fluorescence detection. Amplification and subsequent sequencing of HBV and HCV were performed using nested PCR with pair’s overlapping primers jointly flanking the target regions. The analysis of the overall prevalence of serological markers showed that among the conditionally healthy individuals HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies were detected in 12.3% (95% CI: 9.27%-15.99%) and 3.27% (95% CI: 1.76%-5.53%) of individuals, respectively. The prevalence of HBsAg in men (19.1%) significantly exceeded that in women (5.9%), χ2 = 14.688 with p = 0.0001, df = 1, calculated odds ratio OR = 3.751 (95% CI: 1.892-7.439). Among conditionally healthy patients, taking into account HBsAg-positive and negative samples, DNA HBV was detected in 26.95% (95% CI: 22.65%-31.6%). Phylogenetic analysis of HBV showed that subtype B4 prevalence is 64.49%, subtypes C1 – 14.95%, B2 - 9.35%, C2 – 6.54%, C3 – 0.93%, and C5 (3.74%) were also identified. HCV RNA was detected in 7 samples, which accounted for 1.76% (95% CI: 0.71%-3.6%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that all HCV isolates belong to genotype 6, subtype 6a (100%).It should be noted that the results obtained by us for conventionally healthy patients cannot be considered as population data, since we estimated the prevalence of viral hepatitis markers in the population visiting hospitals, while some socioeconomic or occupational groups may have more reasons to visit hospitals. than others. Thus, these samples may represent individuals with a higher risk of infection in general, and therefore may not be representative of the population.

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