scholarly journals Further evaluation of the test for detection of antibody-coated bacteria in urine sediment

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 510-513
Author(s):  
S R Jones ◽  
J Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Urine Sediment ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Antibody Coating ◽  
Urine Specimens

To assess the reproducibility of the test for detection of antibody-coated bacteria in urine sediment as it might be used in a diagnostic laboratory for classification of urinary tract infections, multiple urine specimens from 83 patients were tested. The results were reproducible and consistent, or if inconsistent potentially explainable, in all but four patients. The explanation for inconsistencies include the immune response to the infecting bacteria, nonspecificity of the antibody coating the bacteria, antibody in prostatic secretions, and antibody-coated bacteria contaminating the urine specimens.

scholarly journals Exploring the possibilities of infrared spectroscopy for urine sediment examination and detection of pathogenic bacteria in urinary tract infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1759-1767
Author(s):  
Mieke Steenbeke ◽  
Sander De Bruyne ◽  
Jerina Boelens ◽  
Matthijs Oyaert ◽  
Griet Glorieux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Blood Agar Plate ◽  
Urine Sediment ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractObjectivesIn this study, the possibilities of Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for analysis of urine sediments and for detection of bacteria causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) were investigated.MethodsDried urine specimens of control subjects and patients presenting with various nephrological and urological conditions were analysed using mid-infrared spectroscopy (4,000–400 cm−1). Urine samples from patients with a UTI were inoculated on a blood agar plate. After drying of the pure bacterial colonies, FTIR was applied and compared with the results obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Chemometric data analysis was used to classify the different species.ResultsDue to the typical molecular assignments of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, FTIR was able to identify bacteria and showed promising results in the detection of proteins, lipids, white and red blood cells, as well as in the identification of crystals. Principal component analysis (PCA) allowed to differentiate between Gram-negative and Gram-positive species and soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) revealed promising classification ratios between the different pathogens.ConclusionsFTIR can be considered as a supplementary method for urine sediment examination and for detection of pathogenic bacteria in UTI.

scholarly journals Routine laboratory surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in community-acquired urinary tract infections adequately informs prescribing policy in England

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicky Watts ◽  
Benjamin Brown ◽  
Maria Ahmed ◽  
André Charlett ◽  
Carolyn Chew-Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance ◽  
Routine Laboratory ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Objectives To assess whether resistance estimates obtained from sentinel surveillance for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) differ from routinely collected laboratory community UTI data. Methods All patients aged ≥18 years presenting to four sentinel general practices with a suspected UTI, from 13 November 2017 to 12 February 2018, were asked to provide urine specimens for culture and susceptibility. Specimens were processed at the local diagnostic laboratory. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using automated methods. We calculated the proportion of Escherichia coli isolates that were non-susceptible (according to contemporaneous EUCAST guidelines) to trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin, cefalexin, ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, overall and by age group and sex, and compared this with routine estimates. Results Sentinel practices submitted 740 eligible specimens. The specimen submission rate had increased by 28 specimens per 1000 population per year (95% CI 21–35). Uropathogens were isolated from 23% (169/740) of specimens; 67% were E. coli (113/169). Non-susceptibility of E. coli to trimethoprim was 28.2% (95% CI 20.2–37.7) on sentinel surveillance (33.4%; 95% CI 29.5–37.6 on routine data) and to nitrofurantoin was 0.9% (95% CI 0–5.7) (1.5%; 95% CI 0.7–3.0 on routine data). Conclusions Routine laboratory data resulted in a small overestimation in resistance (although the difference was not statistically significant) and our findings suggest that it provides an adequate estimate of non-susceptibility to key antimicrobials in community-acquired UTIs in England. This study does not support the need for ongoing local sentinel surveillance.

Immune response to lower urinary tract infections

Urologiia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2_2020 ◽  
pp. 118-121
Author(s):  
A.O. Vasil'ev Vasil'ev ◽  
A.V. Zaycev Zaycev ◽  
A.A. Shiryaev Shiryaev ◽  
E.A. Prilepskaya Prilepskaya ◽  
Yu.A. Kim Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Lower Urinary

Evaluation of urine specific gravity and urine sediment as risk factors for urinary tract infections in cats

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan L. Bailiff ◽  
Jodi L. Westropp ◽  
Richard W. Nelson ◽  
Jane E. Sykes ◽  
Sean D. Owens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Urine Sediment ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Flow Cytometry Analysis Using Sysmex UF-1000i Classifies Uropathogens Based on Bacterial, Leukocyte, and Erythrocyte Counts in Urine Specimens among Patients with Urinary Tract Infections

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tor Monsen ◽  
Patrik Rydén
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Flow Cytometry Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
New Information ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Urine Specimens

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common bacterial infection. Urine culture is the gold standard for diagnosis, but new techniques, such as flow cytometry analysis (FCA), have been introduced. The aim of the present study was to evaluate FCA characteristics regarding bacteriuria, leukocyturia, and erythrocyturia in relation to cultured uropathogens in specimens from patients with a suspected UTI. We also wanted to evaluate whether the FCA characteristics can identify uropathogens prior to culture. From a prospective study, 1,587 consecutive urine specimens underwent FCA prior to culture during January and February 2012. Outpatients and inpatients (79.6% and 19.4%, respectively) were included, of whom women represented 67.5%. In total, 620 specimens yielded growth, of whichEscherichia colirepresented 65%,Enterococcusspp. 8%,Klebsiellaspp. 7%, andStaphylococcusspp. 5%. For the uropathogens, the outcome of FCA was compared against the results for specimens withE. coliand those with a negative culture.E. colihad high bacterial (median, 17,914/μl), leukocyte (median, 348/μl), and erythrocyte (median, 23/μl) counts. With the exception ofKlebsiellaspp., the majority of the uropathogens had considerable or significantly lower bacterial counts than that ofE. coli. High leukocyte counts were found in specimens withStaphylococcus aureus,Proteus mirabilis,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and group C streptococci. Elevated erythrocyte counts were found forP. vulgaris,P. aeruginosa, and group C streptococci, as well as forStaphylococcus saprophyticus. In essence, FCA adds new information about the bacterial, leukocyte, and erythrocyte counts in urine specimens for different uropathogens. Based on FCA characteristics, uropathogens can be classified and identified prior to culture.E. coliandKlebsiellaspp. have similar FCA characteristics.

scholarly journals Liposomal-lipopolysaccharide vaccine extracted from Proteus mirabilis induces moderate TLR4 and CD14 production

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Ruaa SH. Nile ◽  
Mayyada F. Darweesh ◽  
Mohauman M. Al-Rufaie
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Proteus mirabilis is a common cause of recurrent urinary tract infections in individuals with functional or structural abnormalities. It also forms bladder and kidney stones. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potential Proteus virulence factor that plays a key role in pathogenesis, as well as in stimulating innate immune response. Therefore, this study aimed to extract LPS from a highly resistant isolate and incorporate it in a delivery system (liposome) to stimulate an immune response against virulent pathogens. In the work, 50 isolates of P. mirabilis were taken from 200 urine specimens obtained from recurrent-urinary tract infections (UTI) of patients of AL-Sadar Hospital. Specimens were cultured on specific media, and then bacterial isolates were identified via morphological, biochemical and Vitek-2 systems. The results showed that P. mirabilis was expressed in 11 (22%), 30 (60%) and 9 (18%) recurrent UTI, kidney stone and catheter samples, respectively. All isolates were assessed through antibiogram testing, with the results revealing that most isolates were multidrug resistant to more than 3 classes of antibiotics. Herein, P. mirabilis NO 50 revealed particularly high resistance, so it was chosen for LPS extraction. Lethal dose 50 (LD50) observations indicated that a live suspension of P. mirabilis was at 4.5×107 CFU/ml, while LPS was at 270 μg/ml. LPS was used as an immunogenic to stimulate the immune system through injecting Rats intraperitoneally (I.P.) with 1 ml of LD50%. Subsequently, the efficiency of immunogenes in stimulating the immune response was evaluated by determining the Toll-like receptor and CD14 levels. The results indicate that LPS incorporated in the Liposome released moderate levels of Toll-like receptors-4 (TLR4) that enabled the immune system to clear pathogens. The LPS+ complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) and LPS vaccinated groups recorded hyper production for TLR4 (52.2 and 40.9 pg/ml, respectively), this was followed by liposome (LIP) and bacterial suspension (11 and 20.5 pg/ml, respectively) in ranking effectiveness. This study reveals a mean of CD14 that was higher in both LPS and LPS+CFA and moderate in LPS+LIP, in comparison with control and liposome groups. In conclusion, LPS-Liposomes are a promising nanomedicine for modulating the hyper response of LPS. This may lead to tissue inflammation but appeared beneficial in stimulating the immune response at moderate levels so as to eradicate infection without tissue damage.

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